International Journal of Advances in Health Sciences (IJHS)
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Understanding Biophysical Complexity in a Mathematical Perspective: Prajiology
No full textMathematics (from Greek máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning")
Biophysics is an interdisciplinary scientific field which uses the methods and theories fromphysics to study biological systems.
Prajñā (Sanskrit) or paññā (Pāli) in Buddhism is wisdom, understanding, discernment, insight, or cognitive acuity
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices regarding tuberculosis among slum pockets of western Mumbai: a cross sectional study
No full textBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem prevailing in the rural and urban areas of India. A study was conducted to assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices regarding tuberculosis among slum pockets of western Mumbai.
Material and methods: Cross sectional quantitative study conducted using a pre-validated WHO KAP questionnaire. Random walk technique stratified by daytime was used. Descriptive analysis and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) were used.
Result: A total of 140 participants were interviewed. Knowledge received from friends, neighbors reported more (58%) in NCC and squatters colony as compared Ambujwadi (48.6%). People held compassion and desire to help people living with TB (59.3%), but only 1.4% participants had reported actual support to TB patients in need. Stigma of TB (80.0%) is one of the most difficult challenges which attributed to hiding of TB disease status. Almost all respondents agreed that people hide TB status because of “fear that people will avoid them”.BMC corporation hospital (82.9 %) is the first choice of health seeking among the study participants however only 7.9 % of people knew about DOTs. Gender (p<0.005) and educational status (p<0.05) were found significantly associated with the knowledge of TB.
Conclusion: Knowledge towards tuberculosis within the population is poor. It suggests that specialized educational programs should be developed for community to promote awareness regarding TB. The findings regarding attitude and stigma indicate need to address “stigma related to TB” by health care facilitators and community people at the time of health education
Morphometry of Human Hyoid Bones and Its Clinical Significance
No full textHyoid bone located in front of neck, provides a place for attachment of numbers of anterior neck muscles. In our study carried out on 66 hyoid bones, to define sex difference in various parameters of hyoid bone, in which most of parameters are more in cases of male than female. Hyoid bone fracture in cases of strangulation is most common, of which left greater cornua fractures are more due to lesser thickness. Hyoid bone size (width) is less in cases of sleep apneas compared to normal cadaveric hyoid bones
A study on the correctness of the prescription pattern of suspected cases of malaria attending a tertiary hospital
No full textContext: In India, malaria is a potentially life threatening parasitic disease caused mainly by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. Lack of early diagnosis and inadequate treatment leads to a high morbidity and mortality. Analysis of prescription pattern is the key to know actual management of a disease given in different levels of health care.
Aim: To assess the drug prescription patterns of suspected cases of malaria attending the medicine and Paediatrics out-patient department (OPD) of MKCG Medical College, Berhampur.
Settings and Design: It was a cross-sectional study carried out in the Medicine and Paediatrics OPD of M.K.C.G. Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha between October 2014 to March 2015.
Material and Methods: 631 prescriptions were analysed over a period of six months. Data were collected in pre-designed Case Record Form. Statistical analysis: Data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 16.0.
Results: About (60%) of the total prescriptions analysed belonged to the Department of Paediatrics. Only 12% of the prescriptions were “legible with effort”. Majority (49%) of the prescribers were post graduate trainees. ℞ or superscription was present in 87% of the prescriptions. A provisional diagnosis of complicated malaria was written in 35% of prescriptions. Brand names were used in 76% prescriptions. Average number of drugs was 3.7 drug per prescription. Anti-malarial treatment was prescribed in 90% of suspected malaria cases attending OPDs irrespective of investigation report. Not a single patient was advised to take primaquine.
Conclusions: Anti-malarial treatment was prescribed in almost all suspected malaria cases attending OPDs irrespective of investigation report
Multiple Sclerosis: Biochemical and Genetic Aspects
No full textMultiple sclerosis is an emerging neurological condition. It is a neurodegenerative disease. In both the central and the peripheral nervous systems, large-diameter axons are myelinated. Within the CNS, myelin is formed and maintained by oligodendroglial cells. Schwann cells perform this function in the peripheral nervous system. Multiple sclerosis affects these myelinating cells. Although many disease processes cause demyelination such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy), vitamin B12 deficiency) but multiple sclerosis deserves a special biochemical mention
Invitro evaluation of phytochemical profile and antidiabetic potential of Syzygium aromaticum Linn.
No full textDIABETES consist of a group of diseases that are caused due to high level of glucose aka sugar in the blood, either due to the deficiency of insulin due to insufficient production or due to inappropriate response of the cells to secreted insulin or both. A search for effective medication with lesser or no side effects is the need of the hour. Hence the current study is focussed at evaluating the antidiabetic potential of Syzygium aromaticum. The cloves of S. aromaticum were subjected to solvent extraction with methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane and analysed by various in vitro assays such as inhibition of carbohydrate digesting enzymes, non-enzymatic glycosylation of haemoglobin, glucose diffusion and uptake of glucose by yeast cells. The best screened extract was further evaluated for its phytochemical profile by qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis. The extracts were also subjected to TLC. The results of the study suggest that Syzygium aromaticum possesses significant hypoglycemic potential. With further mechanistic studies it can be proved as a better source of natural antidiabetic agents
Role of Ultrasonography and Mammography in Evaluation of Breast Masses
No full textOBJECTIVE: To characterize breast masses using mammography and ultrasonography along with colour Doppler study and to correlate mammography, ultrasonography and FNAC findings and to determine sensitivity and specificity of mammography and ultrasound imaging in distinguishing benign from malignant breast masses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 patients were evaluated in this study who underwent mammography, sonography and FNAC.The study was carried out for a period of 2 years. Patient included were, Breast lump, thickening, knot, and palpable cord, lumpiness, dimpling/contour deformity,nipple discharge,non–cyclical localized pain or tenderness, adenopathy and.high risk group for breast cancer. Real time gray scale and colour Doppler breast sonography was performed in all cases using a 7.5-12 MHz linear array transducer. A two view mammographic examination consisting of mediolateral oblique (MLO) and craniocaudal (CC) views was performed on a dedicated mammographic units:
RESULTS : Maximum number of patients with benign lesions belonged to fourth decade. Maximum number of patients with malignant lesions belonged to sixth decade. The most common presenting symptom was palpable abnormality. Fibroadenoma (54.4%) was most common benign lesion and ductal carcinoma (100%) was most common malignant lesion.
CONCLUSION: The combination of mammography and ultrasonography (gray scale & colour Doppler) enhance the diagnostic accuracy and hence should be offered as a non-invasive diagnostic option in patients being evaluated for breast pathologies.The results of this study also reflect that combination of mammography, ultrasonography (gray scale & colour Doppler) and USG guided FNAC offers the best approach to diagnosing a breast lesion
Delirium in ICU due to Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy: A Case Report
No full textA short review of a case of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy in a 59-year-old male patient. The pathophysiology of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy is rather complex and generally makes the diagnosis tricky to arrive at. However prompt diagnosis holds the key to effective management of this medical condition, which often exhibits considerable variation in presentation. Hashimoto's encephalopathy generally describes an encephalopathy speculated to be of autoimmune origin and is characterised by high titres of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies
A comparative study of Hematological profile of Cupping (Hijamah) versus venous blood
No full textThe Unani system of Medicine - one of the ancient systems is now gaining popularity. This system includes threebasic methods of treatments; these are Regimenal therapy, diet-o-therapy and pharmacotherapy. Regimenal therapyincludes Hijamah (dry & wet cupping), massage, venesection, leeching and cauterization. “Hijamah” has originatedfrom the Arabic word “Hajm” meaning “sucking”. It is of two types, Hijamah-bila-shurt (dry cupping) and Hijamahbi's-shurt (wet cupping). In the Wet cupping blood is sucked after applying cups to specific areas of the body. Thecupping therapy has also been used in Chinese System of Medicine as a preventive, promotive, curative andrestorative therapy. Hence this therapy needs a more convincing scientific base. Thus the aim of this study was tocompare hematological profile of cupping blood with venous blood.Method: Hematological investigations were done on 40 blood samples taken from normal, healthy individuals (20paired samples of Hijamah blood and venous blood of each subject). Consent form was filled and permission wastaken from the ethics committee.Result: Data was collected according to prestructured questionnaire and statistical analysis was done using SPSSsoftware. Analysis of the data showed significant differences in many of the hematological factors between thecupping blood and venous blood.Conclusion: As per the result we can allege that Hijamah is not just a simple mechanical technique of withdrawingblood, but is a comprehensive, curative Regimenal therapy
Right sided eventration of diaphragm with clinodactyly: A case of Fryns syndrome
No full textDiaphragmatic hernia can be of two types-absence or deficiency of the diaphragm, or eventration resulting in elevation of a portion of the diaphragm as a result of incomplete muscularization. Complete eventration almost invariably occurs on the left side and is rare on the right.40-50% of individuals with diaphragmatic hernia may have complex diaphragmatic hernia i.e. associated with other anomalies. We report a case of right side deventration of diaphragm associated with clinodactyly and digital hypoplasia who was suspected to have Fryns syndrome