International Journal of Advances in Health Sciences (IJHS)
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Defining Unani Research Framework: Means and Methods
No full textUnani medicine actually encompasses long term researches of well experienced learned physicians from diverse countries e.g. Greece, Rome, Iran, Arab and India. Right from beginning till recent age of modern technology Unani medical system has been favouring ‘Natural’ approach of prevention and cure of disease. It is an integration of all the best possible beneficial medicines and procedures having least adverse effects.
Today’s conventional research methodology does not suffice to analyse Unani medical approach especially due to its unique concept of Mizaj. In its course of time Unani system had been updated to satisfy the current needs of era by past scholars and physicians as reflected by Kitab Fil Mizaj of Galen, Bara’us Sa’ah of Rhazes, Kitabul Kulliyat of Ibne Rushd (Averroes) and Qanoone Asri of recent Indian scholars. Unani medicine is based on scientific principles of Qayas (hypothesis) and Tajreba (experiments) as mentioned elaborately in Kitab Al firaq fit tibb by Galen. Hence it is unwise to discard the older Unani theories not fitting the conventional rigid parameters of research methodology but instead necessary modifications must be done to best suit Unani system of medicine. These may include consideration of Mizaj, validity of holistic approach, determination and evaluation of Unani research style of classical Unani scholars, assessment of Unani diagnostic criteria like Nabz Baul wa Baraz, incorporating experimentally proved modern scientific knowledge and essential changes in Unani medical system if mandatory to advance and update it.
Not deviating from consensus of Jamhoor physicians it is attempted in this article to explain the possible efforts and research directions in this regards
Cross Sectional Study of Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders in Women Attending Antenatal Clinics at a Hospital in South Indian City.
No full textBackground: Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy had been an important research area in clinical endocrinology due to the fact that thyroid dysfunction has immense impact on maternal and fetal outcomes . An early diagnosis and treatment leads to better prognosis. Objectives: (1) To estimate prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women.(2) To create awareness regarding effects of thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy among people. (3) To create awareness regarding importance of screening for thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: All pregnant women attending the Outpatient department in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at MallaReddy Hospital between August 2015 and October 2015 were included in the study. A pretested questionnaire along with consent form was used to collect the information. Morning samples of serum were tested for T3, T4 and TSH. Results: The study shows that 12(24%) out of 50 subjects were hypothyroid .No hyperthyroid case is found. Most of the subjects fall in younger age group of 18-22 years . Majority of the subjects were Hindus i.e. 84.3% . Majority (52%) of them belonged to SES class 3.Most of the subjects are within normal ranges of BMI. Among the 12 hypothyroid patients 2were anemic ,most of them exhibited symptoms for weight gain before pregnancy (83%), intolerance to cold(100%), constipation(75%), hair loss(100%), reduced reflexes (41%)and irregular menstrual history(83%)(refer table no.11, 12). The mean of hemoglobin of subjects is 11.2 and median of TSH is 2.44. 5 (41%) .Out of 12 hypothyroid patients 7 (58%) patients have O+ blood group, 3 (25%) had history of abortion due to thyroid dysfunction, 1(8%) had complication of threaten preterm labor due to uncontrolled primary hypothyroidism. Conclusion: Prevalence of thyroid disease in pregnancy in this study was 12 out of 50 patients. There were no cases of Hyperthyroidism. Prevalence of thyroid disorder increased when compared to previous research
Marz Akyas Khusyatur Rehm (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome): An Overview
No full textThe MARZ AKYAS KHUSYATUR REHM (polycystic ovary syndrome) (PCOS)is a common with an incidence varying from 5% to 10% and 9.13%. inindian population.It is a “multispeciality” disorder suspected in patients with irregular menses and clinical signs of hyperandrogenism,often associated with psychological impairments, including depression and other mood disorders and metabolic derangements, chiefly insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, which is recognized as a major factor responsible for altered androgen production and metabolism.In Unani system of Medicine PCOS is mentioned under the headings of Amenorrhea, Obesity and other phlegmatic disorders. This disease is common in Balghami mizaj patients of reproductive age.On the basis of consistency one type is Balgham Mayi which is responsible for causing the Marz AkyasKhusyaturRehm (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome). So it can be concluded that PCOS arise due to predominance of Balgham in the body which leads to the cyst formation in the ovaries, amenorrhea and obesity. Hirsutism has been mentioned as a complication of ehtebas tams associated with virilism, and other masculine features, like hoarseness of voice, male body contour, acne and clitoromegaly due to sue mizaj barid. Clinically, PCOS is made up of three characteristics: hyperandrogenic state, anovulation and insulin resistance.We can prevent or limit the complications from which PCOS patients suffer, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and increased risk for unopposed estrogen, with using unani formulation having properties of antispasmodic and analgesic,emmenogogue (Mudir-e-haiz), diuretics (Mudir-e-boul), vasodialator (Mufatehsudad), specific drugs for liver to correct Ehtebase tams (amenorrhea) caused by liver disorders and Munzig Balgham and mushile balgham advia in single and compound form, along with ilajbittadbeerwatytaghziya
Possible mechanism and mode of action of Al-Hijama (Wet Cupping Therapy) to Manage Non Communicable Lifestyle Diseases–An appraisal
No full textLifestyle diseases or diseases of longevity has reached alarming proportions among Indians in recent era due to rapid economic development, stress full life and increasing westernization of lifestyle. There is an extensive literature demonstrating that NCDs are more likely associated with lifestyle of a person. Once bacteria or viruses were the prime killers in human society, but in today’s era the studies shows that 17 million people die prematurely each year due to carelessness, ignorance and irregularities of their own as a result of the global epidemic of life style diseases. This proves that humans are responsible for themselves. According to WHO, global mortality from NCDs associated life style diseases will double by 2015 unless all out efforts are taken tocombat the diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and overweight/obesity. As Unani system of medicine treat the disease with amalgamation of different principles viz; Ilaj Bil Ghiza (Dietotherapy), Ilaj-Bid-Dawa (Pharmacotherapy) and Ilaj Bit Tadbeer (Regimenal Therapy) specially the Al-Hijama (WCT) is one of the popular regime which helps in Imaala wa Istafragh (diversion of toxic matter and detoxification) with rejuvenation of the body. Hence in present study, it can be concluded that Al-Hijama (WCT) may be adopted as an adjuvant in averting the Non Communicable “lifestyle” diseases
Hospital based study of clinical and laboratory characteristics of E.coli versus non-E.coli urinary tract infection
No full textUrinary tract infection (UTI) remains the most common bacterial infection in human population and is one of the most frequently occurring nosocomial infections. This infection represents serious complication in pregnancy, patients with diabetes, polycystic kidney disease, sickle cell anaemia, kidney transplant and in patients with functional or structural anomalies of the urinary tract infections. UTI with serious clinical presentation ( urosepsis, acute pyelonephritis, acute prostatitis, acute exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis and chronic prostatitis) requires hospitalisation and urgent administration of appropriate empirical antimicrobialtreatment with no time to wait for identification of causative agent by urine culture. We studied 112 UTI patients and divided these patients into two groups : patients with E.coli UTI and patients with non-E.coli UTI.
Our study shows certain clinical and laboratory characteristics are indicator of E.coli UTI like fever higher than 38.50C, chills, headache, leucocytosis, cloudiness of urine while fever lower than 38.50C, neutrophilia, and urine specific gravity <1015 are common in non-E.coli UTI (p<0.05). These clinical findings can lead us to early etiological diagnosis of UTI before urine culture detection of causative agents, and to initiate appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment, which can reduce chances of irreversible kidney damage, complications and duration of hospital stay
Post Penetrating Keratoplasty Glaucoma
No full textAim: To study of incidence, etiological factors contributing to secondary glaucoma following Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK).Materials and methods: It was a prospective study carried out at tertiary eye care centre for period of 2 years. Inclusion criteria: All the patients who were operated for optical penetrating keratoplasty & not having pre existing glaucoma. Exclusion criteria: primary graft failure, early post PK glaucoma, intraoperaticve complications, repeats PK. In all the patients, every standard pre-operative, operative, post-operative management were done.Results: Out of 98 patients, the most common age group of 30-45 years include 33(33.67%) patients, males (69, 70.41%) were more than females (29, 29.59%).The UBM was done in 50 patients-suggestive of 16(32%) had PAS(Peripheral Anterior Synechia); 18(36%) had adherent leucoma;28(56%) had phakic, 13(26%) had PCIOL;3(6%) had ACIOL; 6(12%) had aphakia. The 70(71.43%) were done PK, while 28(28.57%) were done triple surgery (PK, Cataract removal, IOL implantation). The post PK glaucoma was developed in 11 (11.2%) patients by the end of 3rd month, while 24(24.4%) patients by end of 6th month postoperatively. Out of 24 patients, 20(83.4%) were treated medically, 3(12.5%) surgically while cyclocryo was done in 1(4.1%) patient. The preoperative risk factors- ACIOL, Aphakia, PAS were found statistically significantly associated with post PK glaucoma with P-value-0.01333,0.04666,0.005 respectively.Conclusions: The post PK glaucoma was more common in 15-45 years of age, with more common in male. The high risk factors includes-PAS(32%), Graft rejection(14.4%), Graft failure(27.6%),Adherent leucoma(33%),ACIOL, Aphakia, Triple surgery, Graft size >8mm.the UBM aids in indentifying risk factors & thus in pre operative evaluation, surgical planning & prognostication
Anti-Phospholipid Syndrome in SLE in Association with Autoimmune Hypothyroidism
No full textAntiphospholipid antibodies may occur spontaneously or associated with other diseases, including rheumatic autoimmunediseases and autoimmune thyroid diseases. One-third of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) possess Anti-PL antibodies while their prevalence in other autoimmune connective tissue disorders ranges from 6% to 15%.AntiCardiolipin Antibody presence has been described in Graves’ disease and Hashimoto´s thyroiditis patients with or withoutclinical manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome. However, thyroid autoantibodies have seldom been described inantiphospholipid syndrome patients. Among lupus patients, there is increased mortality rate among patients havingsecondary APS compared with lupus patients who do not have APS. Thus every case of SLE with a history of spontaneousabortions needs to be evaluated for Anti phospholipid antibody syndrom
Efficacy of Unani Compoud Formulation (UCF) “ZHS-1” in Case of Nephrolithiasis (HISSAT-UL-KULIYAH)
No full textNephrolithiasis (Hissat-ul-Kulliyah) is on the rise worldwide, with highest growth projected in Asia and other geographical region with hot, dry climates resulting from super saturation of urine in respect to the stone forming materials. It is estimated that at least 10% of the population in the industrialized part of the world is affected by nephrolithiasis. The epidemiology of nephrolithiasis differs according to geographical area in terms of prevalence and incidence, age and sex distribution, stone composition and stone location. According to one estimates there are about 5-7 million patients suffering from urinary calculus disease in India. According to Unani literaturekhilt-e-ghaleez,qarah-e-kulliyah, Suddah in the lumen and ghiza-e-ghaleez which cause weakness of quwwat-e-hazima are the causes of stone formation.
Despite the major technical achievement in the last three decades, the problem of recurrent stone formation remains as before. The Unani system of medicine claim to offer a vast scope for the successful management of Nephrolithiasis. An open perspective trail was conducted in M.I.J.T.U.C and Kalsekar Hospital Mumbai to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Unani compound formulation (UCF) “ZHS-1”, to manage nephrolithiasis. Therapeutic responses were evaluated through follow up observations at weekly interval. The results were analyzed on the basis of symptoms and USG –KUB reports. In conclusion, the study revealed that UCF“ZHS-1”is safe and effective and have promising results in the management of nephrolithiasis
Clinical Observation of Sufoof Kamela, Baobadhang and Bark of Neem in Tapeworm Infestation: A Case Study
No full textTapeworm infestationis the infection of the digestive tract by adult parasitic flat worms called cestodes or tapeworms. Live tapeworm larvae (coenuri) are sometimes ingested by consuming undercooked food. Once inside the digestive tract, a larva can grow into a very large adult tapeworm. Among the most common tapeworms in humans are the faeces tapeworm (T. solium), the beef tapeworm (T. saginata), Infections involving the pork and beef tapeworms are also called taeniasis.
A 21 year old male patient was registered with complaint of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of weight, crackling of abdomen, Dryness of mouth and passes proglottids in the stool. He was advised for stool for ova and cyst. The report showed numerous tapeworm ova in the stool. The patient was treated with sufoof Kamela(Kamala) Baobadhang (Embelia)and bark of Neem( Margosa) (equal part) in the dose of 3 gm with 3gm jiggery at bed time. The total duration of treatment was 30days, 3 days consecutives samples of stool was tested negative for ova/ cyst of tapeworm. Clinically the patient showed complete remission of gastro-intestinal symptom
Is there any Relationship between Handedness and Diabetes Mellitus?
No full textObjective-To find out the prevalence of left handedness in diabetic patients in Bundelkhand region and to compare the prevalence of left handedness in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods- This was a cross sectional study carried out in the general medicine and diabetic outpatient department of MLB Medical College, Jhansi from May 2011 to September 2011. A total of 1000 patients were recruited in this study out of which 500 were diabetic and 500 were non diabetic.
Results- The prevalence of left handedness in our study was 5.6% i.e. a total of 56 people out of 1000 were left handed. In the diabetic group 4.6% of patients were left handed while 6.6% of non diabetic patients were found to be left handed which was statistically not significant. The prevalence of left handedness in type 1 diabetics was 5.1% which was much higher as compared to type 2 diabetics (4.5%).This was statistically significant.Conclusion-No evidence of increased prevalence of left handedness could be found in diabetes in our study. However the prevalence of left handedness was considerably more in type 1 diabetics as compared to type 2 diabetics