Journal of Economics and Trade
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Exploring the Potential of Social and Solidarity Economy in Oaxaca, Mexico: Challenges and Opportunities
No full textThe “Type of Article” of this paper is “Letter to the Editor”. This paper discuses about: “Exploring the Potential of Social and Solidarity Economy in Oaxaca, Mexico: Challenges and Opportunities”. No formal abstract is available. Readers are requested to read the full article
Influence of Traditional Cross-border Investment Vehicles on Capital Market Performance: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria and Kenya
No full textThis study evaluated the influence of traditional cross-border investment vehicles on the performance of the Nigerian and Kenyan capital markets, for the period spanning from January 2011 to December 2020. Exchange rate, monetary policy rate (otherwise known as the central bank rate in Kenya), inflation rate, crude oil price and credit rating were used as the traditional cross-border investment vehicles while capital market performance was proxied by All Share Index. Ex post facto research design was used in a multiple regression analysis framework to determine the partial effects of the endogenous variables on the explained variable. Pretesting was done using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller method to establish the stationarity of the model variables. The test showed that the data series were of mixed order of integration which necessitated the application of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The ARDL bounds test indicated that the influence of traditional cross border investment vehicles on the performance of the Nigerian and Kenyan Capital markets was bound by a long-run relationship. Specifically, the long-run estimates showed that, whereas the Nigerian capital market was significantly affected by the dynamics of exchange rate and monetary policy more than Kenya, the Kenyan capital market was affected the most by the crude oil price changes and inflation than Nigeria. In terms of credit rating, the Nigerian capital market was largely negatively affected whereas Kenya seemed less volatile. Regarding the speed of adjustment to disequilibrium, it was observed that all the models exhibited an automatic adjustment to equilibrium after very short-run shock. The study concluded that traditional cross border investment vehicles had huge impact on the performance of the two markets and therefore recommended among others that, all the stakeholders should make concerted efforts towards improving the investment climates of East and West African leading stock markets
An Analysis of India’s Exports of Services: 2010 – 2020
No full textThe Indian economy has witnessed significant increase in exports of services in the recent years. The present study analyses the trends, competitiveness and direction of India’s services exports for the period 2010 to 2020. It can be inferred that the exports of two services, viz.; telecommunications, computer and information services and other business services dominate the services exports. The impetus mainly comes from computer services and professional management and consultancy services. Similarly, the comparative advantage for India also lies in the export of telecommunications, computer and information services and other business services. Furthermore, it has been found that the intensity of exports of these two services is more to emerging economies from East Africa and South Asia. The analysis points out that the Indian economy has been emerging as one the major services provider from the Global South in the recent years
Export Potential of Ham Yen Oranges
No full textThis study assessed the situation and analyzed the factors affecting the export potential of Ham Yen orange. This study conducted a survey using the questionnaire for 50 people, who are stakeholders in the value chain of Ham Yen oranges. The study results show that Tuyen Quang province has many potentials and advantages to develop export-oriented Ham Yen orange production. Specifically on area, productivity, and output of oranges to increase rapidly. Oranges are good quality with famous brands. The selling price is low, ensuring competitiveness; and there are many natural – economic-social factors favorable for the development of export-oriented Ham Yen orange production. However, the study also identified many difficulties and challenges. In order to develop Ham Yen orange production to meet export requirements. It is necessary to implement synchronous solutions like strongly shifting the area of orange cultivation in the direction of meeting standards as follows VietGAP, organic oranges, EuroGAP, GlobalGAP ...; Application of science and technology in the stage of varieties, planting, care, harvesting and transportation of oranges. Investment in transport, infrastructure, irrigation, wholesale market, cold storage, and factory for preliminary processing, packing, and exporting products. Supporting capital, market information, training, and transfer of science and technology to orange growers; would strengthen linkages in the growth and market of their fruit, especially with enterprises that purchase, preserve, process, and export fruits
Adoption of Agricultural Technologies of the Barley-Based Farming System in Ethiopia
No full textBackground: Improving the well-being of small holder farmers through the promotion of improved technologies has gained increased attention in recent times. Despite the high production potential and the crop\u27s economic importance, adoption and diffusion of barley technologies are constrained by various factors. The purpose of the study is to identify determinants of adoption of agricultural technologies in the barley-based farming system of Ethiopia, with the specific objectives of identifying factors affecting Agricultural technology package choice and assessing the inter-dependency between the technologies.
Methods: The study was carried out in highland areas of Ethiopia. The study used data from the Ethiopian socio-economic survey of 693 sample households. The descriptive and econometric analytical tools were applied. The research employed the Multivariate probit model to estimate the factors that influenced the adoption of agricultural technologies choice for barley production.
Results: The descriptive result of the study identified that variables, like education, family size, credit access, farm size, farm income, and farmer\u27s age play significant roles across barley technologies. The results showed that about 66.96%, 58.59%, 75.18%, 65.17%, and 75.99% of sample house hold adopted an improved variety of barley, by using urea, DAP, chemical, manure, and crop rotation, respectively. Multivariate probit model results showed that the age of the house hold head, soil fertility, farm size, training, and transportation cost affect the adoption of barley technologies negatively and significantly. Sex of the household head, education level of the house hold head, farm income, tropical livestock unit, and access to credit affect the adoption of barley technologies positively and significantly.
Conclusion: Small holder farmers were more likely to succeed than fail in jointly adopting barley technologies. Consequently, government policy and other concerned parties should emphasize on the improvement of the institutional support system and decrease gender disparities in access to such institutions
Logistics Cost and Production Capacity in Cement Industry in Libya
No full textThe cement industry plays a key role in our lives as basic material for all types of construction. Nearly, all cement industries have struggled with many problems over the last decade because of the unstable political situation, that negatively affects the Libyan economy. This research seeks to explore the development of the current industry sector in Libya, focusing in cement manufacturing, and assesses recent efforts to attract further foreign development. It sheds the light on the importance of logistics cost, as a factor in increasing the production capacity of the cement industry. Furthermore, to understand the significance of this subject, it provides an assessment of improving the capacity of cement manufacturing products in Libya through the “logistics strategy”. A survey was conducted among the target companies. The analysis of the survey responses indicates that, the management body within the surveyed companies has a modest strategy in most areas, which are considered very crucial for any level successful implementation of new strategies
EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
No full textThis study examines the relationship among exchange rate fluctuations, foreign direct investment, and financial development in Nigeria over the period 1970 to 2020. The study utilizes the Autoregressive distribution lag estimation technique to examine the relationship among the variables of interest. The results of the study show that foreign direct investment has a positive relationship with the level of exchange rate fluctuations, however, trade openness and inflation have a negative effect on the flow of foreign direct investment into Nigeria. The study observed that the interactive effect of exchange rate fluctuations and foreign direct investment has a negative effect on the level of financial development in Nigeria. Therefore, this study recommends that there is a need for the Nigerian government to implement policies aimed at improving the interaction between the level of exchange rate and foreign direct investment which in turn would have a positive impact on the development of the financial sector
ASYMMETRIC IMPACTS AMONG OIL PRICE SHOCKS, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, MONETARY RESERVES, EXCHANGE RATE IN KSA: EVIDENCE FROM A NON-LINEAR ARDL APPROACH
No full textThis study examines the influence of oil price shocks on government expenditures; monetary reserves; exchange rate in KSA 1970-2020. For this purpose, we employed a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag NARDL approach to disentangle the effects of positive, and negative shocks; identify the existence of structural factors and we employed the traditional unit root tests and the unit root tests with structural breaks to verify stationery. Through the application of the NARDL model, we confirm the presence of co-integration between oil price shocks; government expenditures, monetary reserves, and exchange rate in KSA. The results show that the asymmetry hypothesis is valid for the long run and short run which suggests that the oil price shocks are sensitive to the variation in the macroeconomic indicators. This means that these macroeconomic indicators play an important role in oil price shocks. And how to absorb these shocks in the long run. The findings of this study suggest that in the short run, the oil price is negatively influenced by the Monetary Reserves, and positively by the exchange rate; government expenditures. Results support the nonlinear proposition wherein positive shocks are compared to negative shocks. Complementary macroeconomic policy guidelines; the policy of rationalization of spending and the stability of the exchange rate in KSA can help to reinstate transform their economies away from oil dependence. And this would facilitate in dealing with the shocks that may face oil prices in the future. Accordingly; policy makers must pay attention to the Economic; geopolitical and epidemiological developments in light of unexpected variables
MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON STOCK MARKET RETURNS: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON NIGERIAN STOCK EXCHANGE
No full textThis study examines macroeconomic indicators and their impacts on stock market returns in Nigeria from 1986 to 2018. The study employs secondary data culled from the central bank of Nigeria\u27s statistical bulletin. The paper utilized data techniques of the unit root test, Ordinary least square, the Johansen co-integration, the Pairwise Granger causality test, and the error correction model. The study shown a long-run relationship among market capitalization and macroeconomic indicators of inflation rate, interest rate, exchange rate, and money supply estimates for approximately 68% variations in market capitalization in the long run. The parsimonious error correction model which is rightly and significantly signed with a co-efficient of -0.454773 is an indication that over 45% variation in market capitalization can be corrected over a year using our selected independent variables. The Granger causality test shows absence of bidirectional relationship among any of our independent variables and market capitalization. The study recommends that appropriate interest rate policies should be initiated that will guide the operation in the capital markets as well as other macroeconomic indicators in view of demonstrated negative relationship between stock prices and interest rate. Also, authorities should implement policies which will reduce inflation Rate to a minimal level and to boast up standard of living in the countries
PRESCRIPTIVE LABOUR MIGRATION, NATIONAL SAVINGS DETERMINATION AND INCOME CONSUMPTION RATIONALITY FUNCTION
No full textProfit plough back and savings for investment underpin the economic growth of businesses and individuals. When the economy is not doing well, prompted by calamities like Covid-19 or occasioned by ordinary life cycles, individuals seek to migrate seeking job opportunities that pay better, enabling them to save for investment, eventually increasing welfare. Economic entities left at home continue to look for ways of mobilizing savings for growth. This article proposes analytic solutions to the labour migration and national savings problem by determining activation rationality pay-off, the labour migration rationality threshold and computing national savings using the income consumption rationality function deriving from the entropy rationality model – a behavioural framework that determines economic rationality exercised by an economic agent on a percentage scale. It is hoped that the proposed analytic solutions will be found useful by especially labour migrants and labour policymakers in this exponentially global growing society