Journal of Advance Research in Business, Management and Accounting (ISSN: 2456-3544)
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Congolese Financial System and the Financing of Economic Activities in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Get PDFThe financial systems of Sub-Saharan African countries, including the Democratic Republic of Congo, are shallow and poorly developed. They rely mainly on a weak and concentrated banking sector, offering mostly short-term financing. The financial markets of Sub-Saharan African countries, including the Democratic Republic of Congo, are embryonic with bond markets dominated by the issuance of sovereign bonds and stock markets reserved for a few large companies. Governments and the international community have a major role to play in developing and deepening the financial systems of sub-Saharan African countries and thereby maximize the contribution of private domestic resources to development finance: governments, by limiting the uncertainties associated with regulation, by building institutions and infrastructure to promote agent trust and market efficiency and by promoting competition and the integration of financial systems into the global market, and the international community, by accompanying reforms, providing technical assistance and capacity-building services, or by supporting companies in the sector. Any reflection on the link between finance and growth comes up against three major difficulties. The first is to define and measure "financial development". The second consists in unraveling the web of causalities obviously crossed between the development of financial systems and growth. The third relates to the definition of appropriate public policies, which are likely to find a satisfactory balance between market imperfections, which can result in extremely serious crises, and the costs of inappropriate regulatory policies, but also to guide the financial development for maximize the impact on long-term growth
The Social Impact of the Global Financial Crisis in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
Get PDFThe global financial and economic crisis is also causing considerable problems for the Democratic Republic of Congo in particular and sub-Saharan African countries in general. As it highlights the dysfunctions of the world economy, some believe that a reform of the international financial architecture is essential. Although the crisis was sparked by events in the US real estate market, it has spread to all regions of the world and has disastrous consequences for global trade, growth and investment. The financial crisis is a serious setback for the Democratic Republic of Congo as it comes at a time when the country is making progress in terms of both results and economic management. Since 2006, the Democratic Republic of Congo has recorded an average growth rate in real terms of more than 5% while inflation has fallen below 10%. In addition, the significant improvements in governance and the decline in the number of armed conflicts have attracted more private capital to the country. The developing countries in which the Democratic Republic of Congo is located do not, on the whole, have the same means as the industrialized nations when it comes to stimulating the economy while protecting their most vulnerable social categories. But many have made considerable efforts to mitigate the impact of the crisis. Some developing countries have intensified their reciprocal cooperation and urge closer involvement in the shaping of the rules of the world econom
Blastocystis spp Infections Among Inhabitants of a Low Income Community of Niterói, Rio de
Get PDFBlastocystis spp is an anaerobic enteric protozoan food-borne parasitethat remains, until nowadays, subject of controversy. In fact, little is known about its pathogenic potential, genetic diversity, host-parasite interactions and treatment (Kayaet al.; 2007; Tan, 2008). Actually, it is the most frequently found enteroparasite incoproparasitological research and have been implicated in affections such as irritablebowel syndrome, but epidemiological studies are inconclusive (Nagel et al.; 2015).Indeed, some studies have inferred the existence of prevalence rates around 50% indeveloping countries, while in drops to 1.5-10% in developed world. These high taxain developing countries is due, mainly, to precarious living conditions and social andeconomical factors suggesting that transmission increases in communities where basicsanitation is scarce, continuous use of sources of untreated water and contact withdomestic animals. Infections by Blastocystis spp are detected in faecal samples fromassymtomatic and symptomatic individuals and in some epidemiological studies,infected people report abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea, vomitus, bloating, anorexiaand dermatological manifestations (Kurt et al.; 2016).The protozoan is pleomorphic and at least four different forms have been reported anddescribed (Tan, 2008). Besides, some advances on the biology of the parasite havebeen achieved as molecular studies based on polimerase chain reaction (PCR) showedthat it has – until now – 17 different subtypes and nine of them able to cause humaninfection. However, despite Blastocystis spp isolates from humans and animals havebeen reported to be morphologically similar, human beings are frequently infected bysubtypes ST1- ST9 (Tan, 2008; Sandpool et al.; 2017).The parasite can be detected through coproparasitological techniques and is verycommon in fresh faecal samples from inhabitants of low income communitie
The International Financial Crisis of 2008-2009 Facing the Congolese Economy
Get PDFThis article describes the international financial crisis of 2008-2009 facing the Congolese economy. The international financial crisis has created serious dangers for the Congolese economy in terms of job losses and declining quality of life. This article describes the global economic crisis and its direct impact in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The economic and financial crisis is global and it also affects the most vulnerable countries such as African countries. This is true since it is generally accepted that the economic situation has an influence on the social situation. Indeed, although the crisis was triggered by events in the US real estate market, it has spread to all regions of the world, with disastrous consequences for trade, growth and economic growth. global investments. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the rapidly advancing global financial crisis is taking over businesses, mines, jobs, income and livelihoods. Time is running out and decisive action can not wait
Application of Data and Management in Engineering Sector
Get PDFIn this 21st century, the engineering complexity has increased drastically. Almost all the engineering problems are interdisciplinary, that means, the experts from different backgrounds (for instance, engineering, management, data analytics, etc.) are essential to solve any real time problems. The history is very affluent with many examples of project failures due to poor or inappropriate perspective. The project failures might be construction failure, start-up failure, business failure, management failure, etc. However, on the other side, there are many successful case examples which are implemented with effective management skills. Some examples include banishing darkness from Himalayan nation ‘Nepal’, travel management among millions of sports enthusiasts in 2012 London Olympics, fund raising in 2008 presidential campaign in United States of America, etc. This paper focuses on real time problems faced by most of the African countries with their isolation in online global business trend due to poor management skills. Some case examples of good management skills are presented at the end of this paper
The Connection Between Your Employees and Customers
Get PDFAs a business, you strive for acquiring and retaining happy customers. However, many businesses do not realize that the process starts with their employees and their job satisfaction with the company. This is one of the most undervalued aspects of developing a durable customer base. The employees want to feel the same way as their customers in their relationship with the company as everyone wants to feel appreciated. One of the negative impacts of modern technology is that many goods and services are turned into commodities. The quality of the service your employees provide is of paramount importance and this happens when employees are fully engaged. Connected employees are the employees who provide great customer service and a unique experience. Such cumulative experiences have progressively become the predominant motivation for customers to buy. Customers need to receive excellent products and services in order to spend their hard earned bucks. Of course yes, it is employees who will provide them this exceptional product or service. If the employees are miserable in their jobs this affects morale, innovation, and customer relationships and which does not translate into a great product and/or service. This is the connection between employees and customer
Application of Linear Programming for developing Distribution Optimization Model for Services: A Case Study of Hospital Speciality Services Distribution
Get PDFThe objective of the paper was to extend the tangible goods distribution model to services and develop a decision making tool that services distribution company such as hospital chain could use to derive a more efficient and effective distribution of scarce and expensive resources of specialists to its hospitals. The paper attempts to optimize the creation of speciality services infrastructure at a hospital location and planning for specialists resources. The paper developed the problem definition, the formulation of Linear Programming Model, the procedure is designed as a solution to the problem, and the outcome as benefits to the company is presented. Linear programming model is formulated that can be solved using commercial software. This paper demonstrates the potential for using linear programming in managing large-scale distribution problems for services. The model resulted in the creation of new metrics for measuring the performance for services distribution, the model will help the company understand conditions that results in hospital specialty services shortages, and the model lead to the discovery of inefficiencies in company speciality services distribution strategy. The model is directly beneficial to any company in hospital services distribution particularly speciality or super-speciality services. With a large proportion of speciality services sales is accounted by referral of physicians direct to customers, the distribution of speciality procedure services not only defines the cost but also customer satisfaction by managing services delivery quality & time and return-of-patients for post procedure check-ups. The model is also applicable for cases in any other services industries which operates in multiple markets and have large variety of Services Units
EVALUATION THE ACTIVITY OF ANTIOXIDANTS AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE FOR ALLIUM CEPA AND ALLIUM SATIVUM EXTRACTS ON MALES RATS TREATED WITH MYCOTOXINS.
Get PDFThe present study has been designed to evaluate the beneficial effects of Allium cepa andAllium sativum extract upon Ochratoxin-induced hepatic toxicity, The study has been conductedon adult male rats during the period extended from February, 2017 to, July 2017. Fifty maturemale Wister rats (aged 90 days and weighted 190±10 g),were divided in to Five randomly equalgroups , the first served as negative control received only normal saline , the second as positive control received with contaminated with Asp. niger in diet as a single dose(2.5 mg/kg b.w). thirdgroup received with contaminated with Asp. niger as a single dose then treated after 2 days withAllium cepa (250 mg /kg b.w.) respectively orally through stomach tube during 42 days. fourthgroup received contaminated with Asp. niger as a single dose then treated after 2 days withAllium sativum (250 mg /kg b.w.) respectively orally through stomach tube for 42 days. Fifth group received contaminated with Asp. niger as a single dose then treated after 2 days withAllium cepa and Allium sativum together (250,250 mg /kg b.w.) respectively orally throughstomach tube during 42 days. males were anaesthetized (by injection i/p of 0.3ml ketamine + 0.1ml of xylazine /kg b. w. ip), blood samples were obtained from heart in non-heparinized tubes,Blood serum samples were separated for assessment of GOT, GPT, concentration, andassessment testosterone, FSH in blood serum. Under our experimental conditions, contaminatedwith Asp. niger resulted evidenced by statistically significant ncrease(p>0.05) in the activitiesof GOT, GPT in group 2 of just Ochratoxin compared with the control group, while in the thirdand fourth groups showed statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in GOT, GPT level inBlood serum of contaminated with Asp. niger treated group compared with the control group,while in assessment of hormone shown in contaminated group showed decrease of this hormonesas for as in Allium cepa and Allium sativum groups increase in hormones and in combinationgroups was very high significant in hormones levels. After histological analysis of the groupcontaminated with Asp. niger proved change in the, after the gavage of (Allium cepa and Alliumsativum), and in testicular section was shown the effect of plants extract to repair of tissue. Theresults showed that there was an improvement in liver tissues after treatment with Allium cepaand Allium sativum.In present study we concluded to Allium cepa and Allium sativum together dose 250+250 mg/kgb.w. is better than dose 250mg/kg b.w. alone depending on results in recently study. weconcluded that the administration of (Allium cepa and Allium sativum) together act as antifungaland antioxidant for contaminated with Asp. niger in males rats
Managerial Effectiveness and Efficiency of SBI in Himachal Pradesh
Get PDFManagerial effectiveness varies from organization to organization and from job to job. The concept of managerial effectiveness is the central issue in management. Managerial effectiveness has to be defined in terms of output rather than input, by what a manager achieves rather than by what he does. Effectiveness is best seen as something a manager produces from a situation by managing it appropriately. It represents output, not input. The manager must think in terms of performance, not personality. It is not so much what a manager does, but what he achieves. The measure of effectiveness whether of an organization or individual is performance that is the attainment of the objective with a style. The study covers managerial effectiveness in SBI in Himachal Pradesh. The various indicators such as appraisal system, training techniques and facilities, career planning, organization development interventions has been considered and analyzed. The study has been analyzed by using simple mathematical tools and chi-square test
Application of Responsibility Accounting to Productivity Evaluation in the Nigerian Quoted Companies
Get PDFThe study was designed to identify measure of performance that is related to shareholders wealth and that managers can directly observe and can see the influence of their actions in their responsibilities. The primary objective of business is to maximize the shareholders wealth. The measurement of firm’ s productivity is a good indicator to assess the realization of this objective. The responsibility to achieve this goal however lies heavily in the hands of managers which has become a major challenge in profit oriented organizations. It has been observed that responsibility accounting application to evaluate productivity is missing in Nigerian quoted companies, while in some it is not well instituted and administered. The research work adopted an ex-post facto research design, with a focus on the quoted Nigerian quoted companies as at 31st December 2016.A sample size of 53 companies was selected by using a combination of stratified and purposive sampling techniques. Productivity was proxied by earnings per share while Responsibility accounting was proxied by cost of sales, operating cost, net income and Return on Asset. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analyses. The data collected were analyzed using specified regression models with the aid of E-View statistical package. The findings showed that responsibility accounting variables of cost of sales, operating cost, net income and return on assets have positive and significant impact on earnings per share with p values of t statistics < 0.05.The joint effect of cost of sales, operating cost, net income and return on asset on earning per share is significant. The F-statistics and Adjusted R2 values were prob.F=0.000,R2=0.37.The Adjusted R2 value was not strong in explaining the variations in earning per share. This implied that cost of sales, operating coat, net income and return on asset do not sufficiently explained variations in earning per share. We concluded that responsibility accounting has a significant positive effect on productivity in Nigerian quoted companies. This showed that if all the independent variables can be efficiently managed and controlled, value will be created in the quoted companies. We recommended that managers in profit centres, cost centres and investment centres should focus their actions towards the company’s productivity and maximization of the company’s value and shareholders wealth