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Antropologia del (des)empleo, transformaciones sociales y formas de ganarse la vida en Buenos Aires, Argentina
Get PDFBased on the ways in which work and employment is experienced in Buenos Aires, this article advances in the complex world of the urban labor transformations. My argument is that the ways of understanding life and the centrality of the notion of work forces us to think about the multiple forms of 'work' and therefore unemployment in situated contexts. The article focuses on two issues. On the one hand, on an anthropological perspective on unemployment. On the other hand, I am going to focus on the non-employees. The first of the lines is intended to contribute to a debate in the discipline; the second, based on field work with cartoneros and street vendors, refers to a particular process. The text shows that the lack of work or the delimitation of an activity as work is a space of struggle. "Work" takes on different forms, uses, struggles. At the same time, I propose that a perspective - still under construction - from work is necessary to understand this multiplicity. In this sense, Argentine anthropology still has spaces to fill. And this is necessary in theoretical and analytical terms.Este articulo avanza en el complejo mundo de las transformaciones laborales urbanas a partir de las formas en que el trabajo y empleo han sido vividos en Buenos Aires. Las formas de entender la vida y la centralidad que tiene el trabajo -como categoria múltiple que se juega situacionalmente- obligan a pensar las múltiples formas del ‘trabajo’, y por lo tanto del desempleo, en contextos determinados. El articulo se centra en dos cuestiones: por un lado, una perspectiva antropológica del desempleo; por otro, los no empleados. La primera de las lineas pretende contribuir a un debate en la disciplina; la segunda, basada en el trabajo de campo con cartoneros y vendedores ambulantes, remite a un proceso particular. El texto muestra que la falta de trabajo o la delimitación de una actividad como trabajo es un espacio de pugna. "Trabajo" adquiere diferentes formas, usos, luchas. A su vez, da cuenta de que resulta necesaria una perspectiva -aun en construcción- desde el trabajo para comprender esa multiplicidad. En este sentido, la antropologia argentina tiene aún espacios que cubrir. Y ello resulta necesario en términos teóricos como analiticos. ark:/s25912755/oyfxpeft
Trabalho socioassistencial com pessoas com deficiência e suas familias: direito í alimentação e COVID-19
No full textThis Photo Essay registers the socio-assistance alternatives adopted in a Service of Coexistence and Strengthening of Links, focusing on the right to food, in an attempt to minimize the adverse effects of social isolation on the disabled person and his family, as a strategy for maintaining the actions of social protection during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The ethnographically inspired research sought to capture several daily aspects of the practice, during the services developed in this period, besides analyzing and understanding through images, the contexts, the meanings, and the barriers and facilitators of the offer and provision of the service.Este ensaio fotográfico regista as alternativas socioassistenciais adotadas em um Servií§o de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vinculos, com foco no direito í alimentação, como tentativa de minimização dos efeitos adversos do isolamento social a pessoa com deficiência e sua familia, como estratégia de manutenção das ações de proteção social durante o periodo da pandemia da COVID-19. A pesquisa com inspiração etnográfica buscou captar vários aspectos cotidianos da prática, durante os atendimentos desenvolvidos neste periodo, além de analisar e compreender através das imagens, os contextos, os sentidos e í s barreiras e facilitadores da oferta e prestação do servií§o.http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/lcjsjtbn
El trabajo en la condición juvenil rural: reflexiones desde las juventudes rurales en Jalisco, México
Get PDFThe article shows an approach to the employment situation of young people in a community in the state of Jalisco in Mexico, which is part of a broader qualitative research on the condition of rural youth, presenting this concept and addressing some ideas about work in agro-industrial contexts. The book describes ethnographically how the main labor trajectories in the community (migration, agribusiness, and professional) were constructed from rural development interventions to their weakening in the neoliberal context, in order to understand the historical context in which Palos Altos youth currently work. In addition, the results of a survey applied to the youth sector of the town are presented, which point out some features about their current labor situation, which is marked by precarization.El articulo muestra un acercamiento a la situación laboral de las y los jóvenes de una comunidad del estado de Jalisco en México que forma parte de una investigación cualitativa más amplia sobre la condición juvenil rural, presentando dicho concepto y abordando algunas ideas sobre el trabajo en contextos agroindustriales. Se narra etnográficamente cómo se construyeron las principales trayectorias laborales en la comunidad (la migración, el agronegocio y la profesional) desde las intervenciones de desarrollo rural hasta su debilitamiento en el contexto neoliberal, para entender el contexto histórico en el cual la juventud de Palos Altos actualmente se desenvuelve para integrarse al trabajo. Además se presentan los resultados de una encuesta aplicada al sector juvenil de la localidad, que señalan algunos rasgos sobre su situación laboral actual, marcada por la precarización. ark:/s25912755/cgx5fzrr
(Sobre)viver na adversidade: o caso do moto-taxismo durante a pandemia do Covid-19 na cidade de Araraquara-SP (Brasil)
Get PDFThis article seeks to reflect about the work of motorcycle taxi drivers during the pandemic period of covid-19 in the city of Araraquara-SP. From the perspective of the informal work of the motorcycle taxi drivers, it is sought through the category of risk to understand the craft by discussing the issue of need, urgency and meaning in the material and symbolic reproduction on the workers' lives. To discuss issues of risk, urgency and need, we will bring up the debates proposed by Anthony Giddens (1991), Mary Douglas (1992), and Ulrich Beck (2011). In order to trace another approach to understanding, and to seek the meanings triggered by these agents while forming the symbolic (of culture) during their work, we will bring to discussion the comprehensive path of Weberian sociology in parallel to the relative interpretation of culture in Clifford Geertz (2012) . The methodology that guides this article is the perspective of qualitative research, derived from social anthropology, based on fieldwork in ethnographic practice carried out through in-depth discovery and without a previous script, performed in three observation sites. This article seeks to understand the work of motorcycle taxi drivers during the Covid-19 period as a risky and survival activity at the same time that it produces meaning, experiences and subjectivities. http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/5kmpbrxr9O presente artigo busca refletir sobre o trabalho moto-taxista durante o periodo da pandemia de covid-19 na cidade de Araraquara-SP. A partir do recorte do moto-taxismo busca-se por meio da categoria de risco compreender o oficio discutindo a questão da necessidade, urgência e sentido na reprodução material e simbólica da vida dos trabalhadores. Para discutir as questíµes de risco, urgência e necessidade traremos os debates propostos em Anthony Giddens (1991), Mary Douglas (1992), e Ulrich Beck (2011). Para traí§armos uma outra abordagem de compreensão, e buscar os sentidos acionados por estes agentes enquanto formação do simbólico (da cultura) durante seu oficio traremos í discussão o caminho compreensivo da sociologia weberiana em paralelo a interpretação relativa da cultura em Clifford Geertz (2012). A metodologia que orienta este artigo é a perspectiva da pesquisa qualitativa derivada da antropologia social, pautada no trabalho de campo na pesquisa etnográfica realizada por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e com e sem roteiro prévio, realizada em três locais de observação. Este artigo busca compreender o trabalho moto-taxista durante o periodo da Covid-19 enquanto uma atividade de risco e sobrevivência ao mesmo tempo que produtora de sentido, vivências e subjetividades. http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/5kmpbrxr
Queijo Serrano, arte e ciência em marca registrada: a fábrica de Anéris e Brenno (Brasil)
Get PDFThis contribution reclaims the daily life of long-lived peasant cattle breeders in the native pastures of the Campos de Cima da Serra region, with recognized scientific expertise in the craft of making mountain cheeses from raw milk in southern Brazil, in the context of ethnographic research. The respective participant observation consisted of an imagistic description of the specific task, among others, of making Serrano cheese, recording the taskscape in a specific landscape.Esta contribuição resgata cotidiano de longevos criadores campesinos de gado bovino nas pastagens autóctones dos Campos de Cima da Serra, com reconhecida ciência no oficio de elaboração de queijos de altitude do sul do Brasil a partir de leite cru, em contexto de pesquisa etnográfica. A respectiva observação participante consistiu na imagética descrição da especifica tarefa de confecção do queijo Serrano e de várias outras, registrando o conjunto de afazeres em especifica paisagem. ark:/s25912755/g5ak9nom
Entre jaiba, camarón, sardina y erizo: mujeres en la producción pesquera y la reproducción social en el noroeste de México
Get PDFThis article shows a good part of the jobs that women perform in the fishing communities of northwestern Mexico. These works have been made invisible and naturalized in most of the scientific literature on these societies, although they constitute a good part of the preparatory work, transformation and commercialization of marine products. The data and the material with which this article is developed are the product of anthropological fieldwork carried out in three coastal locations in the state of Sonora and Baja California, during the last two decades. The empirical information is complemented with recent publications about the role of women in fishing activity to strengthen the ethnography. Activities were identified that, although they are part of the fishing transformation and commercialization processes, are integrated into the sphere of domestic work and are considered complementary to the work of their partners. It is concluded that it is essential to make visible and denaturalize the work of women who are part of coastal fishing production, since only in this way can fair and equitable working conditions be envisioned in these fishing contexts.Este articulo indaga en una buena parte de los trabajos que las mujeres desempeñan en las comunidades pesqueras del noroeste de México. Estos trabajos han sido invisibilizados y naturalizados en la mayor parte de la literatura cientifica sobre estas sociedades, aunque constituyen un trabajo relevante de preparación, transformación y comercialización de los productos pesqueros. Los datos y el material con los que trabaja este articulo son producto del trabajo de campo antropológico realizado en varias localidades costeras del estado de Sonora y Baja California durante las últimas dos décadas. Se complementa la información empirica con publicaciones recientes acerca del papel de las mujeres en la actividad de la pesca, para robustecer la etnografia. Se identificaron actividades que, aunque forman parte de los procesos de transformación y comercialización pesquera, se encuentran integradas a la esfera del trabajo doméstico, consideradas complementarias al trabajo de sus parejas. Se concluye que es fundamental visibilizar y desnaturalizar el trabajo de las mujeres que forman parte de la producción pesquera costera pues sólo asi podrán vislumbrarse condiciones de trabajo justas y equitativas en estos contextos pesqueros. http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/29ldpf9r
"¡Unidad de las trabajadoras!": las trabajadoras domésticas remuneradas argentinas entre las desigualdades estructurales y los efectos de la pandemia
Get PDFOne of the sectors hardest hit by the crisis unleashed by the COVID-19 pandemic is - in Argentina and, we dare to say, in Latin America - that of paid domestic workers. Added to the structural inequalities in the sector - given that it is one of the worst paid jobs and most lacking in regulation and access to social security in the world - was added the pandemic context. From a quantitative and qualitative work in an atypical research context, and mediated by digital technologies, we were able to investigate the impact of the crisis and the isolation measures for female workers. In this photographic essay we show the march of October 2, called by a union, towards the Ministry of Labor. The objective was to demand that the National Commission for Work in Private Houses meet - the body that sets the minimum wage scale - for the recomposition and adjustment of wages. In addition to the implementation of other necessary measures, such as the monthlyization and universalization of the Emergency Family Income, the establishment of an unemployment fund, the setting of an additional for seniority, etc. This record shows a moment of growing effervescence in the sector in the demand for labor rights and decent work.http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/1y5f7hkr9Uno de los sectores más golpeados por la crisis desatada por la pandemia de COVID-19 es –en la Argentina y, nos animamos a decir, en Latinoamérica- el de las trabajadoras domésticas remuneradas. A las desigualdades estructurales del sector –puesto que se trata de un sector con los trabajos peor pagos y más carentes de regulación y acceso a la seguridad social en el mundo- se adicionó el contexto pandémico. A partir de un trabajo cuantitativo y cualitativo en un contexto de investigación atipico, y mediado por tecnologias digitales, pudimos indagar en el impacto de la crisis y de las medidas de aislamiento en las trabajadoras. En el presente ensayo fotográfico mostramos la marcha del 2 de octubre, convocada por un sindicato, hacia el Ministerio de Trabajo. El objetivo era exigir que se reuniera la Comisión Nacional de Trabajo en Casas Particulares (CNTCP) –órgano que fija la escala de salarios minimos- para la recomposición y adecuación salarial-, además de la implementación de medidas necesarias, como la mensualización y universalización del Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia, el establecimiento de un fondo de desempleo, la fijación de un adicional por antigí¼edad, etc. Este registro muestra un momento de una creciente efervescencia en el sector de reclamo de derechos laborales y trabajo digno.http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25912755/1y5f7hkr
Reseña de Esteban Cisternas, Rafael Contreras y Daniel González (2020). El mar está dentro de mi. Loncura, su fiesta y baile chino
No full texthttp://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s18537081/m38zrdol
Ciencia, religión y secularización. Una presentación asistemática y personal
Get PDFThis is an impressionistic survey of literature on the relationships between science and religion in connection with secularisation theory guided by the author’s own research interests and drawing upon the fields of history of science, sociology of religion, and sociology of science.Esta es una actualización impresionista y orientada por la experiencia y los intereses de investigación del autor sobre las relaciones entre ciencia y religión, en conexión con la teoria de la secularización, con aportes de la historia de la ciencia, la sociologia de la religión y la sociologia de la ciencia.http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s18537081/6l2df496
Con la fe en alto: fotografia sobre la fe popular en Bariloche, Argentina (agosto de 2018-agosto de 2021)
No full text"With faith on high" makes visible the dignity of the people. The pains, fears, privations, injustices move; while the desires, hopes and promises that interweave illusions and "they", those who believe, those who from their prayers, their eyes, their hands and their steps draw a different horizon."La fe en alto" hace visible la dignidad del pueblo. Conmueven los dolores, miedos, privaciones, injusticias; al tiempo que emocionan los deseos, esperanzas y promesas que entretejen ilusiones en "ellos", los que creen, los que desde sus rezos, sus ojos, sus manos y sus pasos dibujan un horizonte diferente.http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s18537081/8aza8ag7