Pubmedia Journal Series (Education)
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The Formation Of The Fairy Tale Genre In German Folklore
No full textThis article examines the formation of the fairy tale (Märchen) genre in German folklore, emphasizing its distinction from myths, legends, and fables through formulaic openings, abstract settings, and typical characters. The Spinnstube (spinning room) tradition, where women told stories during evening work, is highlighted as a key performance context shaping the compact style, rhythmic structure, and memorability of tales. The study traces how mythological figures such as water nymphs, kobolds, and dwarfs were reinterpreted into moral-didactic roles under Christian influence. It also discusses the Grimms’ editorial practices, showing how oral variants were standardized into literary texts, while still reflecting the voices of narrators like Dorothea Viehmann. Drawing on the works of J. Zipes, M. Tatar, and other scholars, the article demonstrates how German fairy tales represent a synthesis of oral performance, social context, and Romantic literary scholarshi
Strengthening the Role of the State Language as a Unifying Factor of Interethnic Harmony : The Case of the Republic of Uzbekistan
No full textThis study aims to investigate the role of the state language in fostering interethnic harmony and social cohesion in a multilingual society. The research focuses on language policy implementation, linguistic integration, and the relationship between language use and civic unity. A qualitative analytical method was employed through policy analysis, sociolinguistic literature review, and examination of national language regulations. The findings demonstrate that the promotion of the state language strengthens national identity and facilitates social integration while maintaining respect for linguistic diversity. Nevertheless, challenges related to unequal language proficiency and minority inclusion persist. The study concludes that balanced language policies integrating state language development with multicultural principles are crucial for sustaining interethnic harmony
Preconditioning Techniques in Krylov Subspace Methods
No full textThis study discusses preconditioning approaches to address large, sparse linear systems as well as Krylov subspace methods. Among others, computational fluid dynamics, structural analysis, and electromagnetic simulations use Krylov methods like the Conjugate Gradient (CG) and Generalized Minimal Residual (GMRES). These techniques use iterative approximations that approach to the solution by projecting the problem onto a Krylov subspace. The efficiency of Krylov methods is greatly influenced by the selection of preconditions, which help the system's conditioning and so accelerate convergence. Jacobi Preconditioning, Incomplete LU Decomposition (ILU), and Multigrid Preconditioning are examples of preconditioning techniques. Though it has advantages, preconditioning has disadvantages including choosing the proper conditions and controlling memory and costing calculations. Further investigated were possible changes including adaptive and nonlinear preconditioning as well as the integration of Artificial Intelligenc
Model Scaffolding untuk Meningkatkan Learning Readiness Siswa Paket B PKBM Alam Jingga
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan model scaffolding dalam meningkatkan learning readiness siswa Paket B di PKBM Alam Jingga. Kajian ini menggunakan metode telaah pustaka (literature review) yang mengkaji teori dan temuan empiris terkait strategi scaffolding dalam konteks pendidikan nonformal. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa scaffolding efektif dalam memperkuat kesiapan belajar melalui dukungan bertahap yang disesuaikan dengan kemampuan individu. Model konseptual yang dihasilkan menempatkan tutor sebagai fasilitator yang mengarahkan proses belajar dari bimbingan menuju otonomi, sehingga menciptakan pembelajaran reflektif, fleksibel, dan berorientasi pada pengembangan self-regulated learner
Economic Impact of EU–Uzbekistan Agricultural Collaboration
No full textThis research paper explores the economic impact of agricultural cooperation between Uzbekistan and the European Union (EU). As agriculture remains one of the most significant sectors in Uzbekistan's economy, improved access to the European market has enhanced export revenues, attracted foreign investment, and promoted sustainable development. The study analyzes trade data, policy frameworks, and financial inflows from EU-supported agricultural initiatives. It also examines how aligning with European standards has improved the global competitiveness of Uzbek agricultural exports. By highlighting the mutual benefits of this partnership, the paper argues for continued EU–Uzbekistan agricultural cooperation to support broader economic integration and growth
Welcoming Guests in Uzbekistan and Tatarstan
No full textThis research examines the ethical traditions of Uzbekistan and Tatarstan, focusing on their similarities and differences in greeting guests. Hospitality is a central cultural value all over the world, but greeting rituals are not always similar, they serve not only as a form of politeness, but also as a reflection of moral norms and respect for elders. The study employs a comparative approach, drawing on historical data, religious principles and generation observations. Provided information reveal that while both cultures emphasize warmth, respect and hospitality, the forms of greeting differ according to region, religion and social status
OPTIMASI DISTRIBUSI MATERIAL DENGAN METODE TRANSFORTATION-NORTH WEST CORNER (NWC) DAN MODI PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN KAPAL CARGO DI PT. NUSANTARA SHIPYARD
No full textThe shipbuilding industry has a complex production process that requires efficient material distribution to maintain optimal shipbuilding costs and time. One of the main problems is how to allocate materials economically from the warehouse to the construction workshop. This study applies the Transportation Problem with an initial North West Corner (NWC) solution and optimization using MODI (Modified Distribution Method) on a 12,000 DWT cargo ship construction project at PT Nusantara Shipyard. This study presents complete calculations and detailed iteration techniques to obtain the minimum cost. The results show that the initial NWC solution results in a cost of IDR 760 million, while the MODI method reduces the cost to IDR 540 million (28.9% efficiency). This study emphasizes the importance of optimization in shipyard logistics management
From Chagatai to German: Strategies for Rendering Babur’s Proverbs in H. Dalov’s Translation
No full textThis article examines how proverbs and proverbial expressions in Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur’s Baburnama are rendered in H. Dalov’s translation (into German, with Uzbek source passages). The Baburnama is celebrated for its direct, unornamented style and its closeness to living speech, in which proverbs play a pivotal role. We outline why translating proverbs is among the most difficult tasks in translation studies, review classic approaches (e.g., A. V. Fedorov), and analyze Dalov’s concrete solutions. Using a qualitative, example-driven method, we group the book’s proverbs by theme (friendship/brotherhood, enmity and wrongdoing, practical wisdom, loyalty and trust, labor and discipline) and compare each with Dalov’s German renderings. We find that Dalov predominantly employs three strategies—functional equivalence, careful literal translation with stylistic smoothing, and adaptive reformulation—while preserving meaning and cultural color. Selected case studies (e.g., “Teng bo‘lmaguncha, to‘sh bo‘lmas”; “Die Tore einer Stadt kann man schließen, doch nie den Mund des Feindes”; “ko‘zlarini tuz tutti”; “Marg bo yoron sur ast”) show how proverbs intensify characterization, compress judgment, and anchor narrative stance. The discussion highlights best practices for proverb translation prioritizing function and discourse role, tracing intertextual Persian–Tajik sources, and using paratext where needed. We conclude that Dalov’s renderings are largely successful and that rigorous proverb analysis can both safeguard heritage and enhance cross-cultural readability
An Overview of Multivariate Statistical Methods and Their Practical Applications
No full textMultivariate data analysis is a powerful statistical approach used to analyze data involving multiple variables simultaneously. Researchers can use this method to find complicated ties, reduce the number of factors, and group data more effectively. When you need to understand data with more than one variable, you can use tools such as factor analysis, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, principal component analysis, and multivariate regression. More and more fields, like business, engineering, health, and the social sciences, need multivariate analysis. This is because computers and other strong tools are getting better all the time. You will learn about some important multivariate methods and how they are used in the real world in this study. It also talks about the ideas that make them work. It talks about how these ways can help people make better decisions based on fact
Psychological Expenditure and its Relationship to the Serving Skills of Specialized Volleyball Players
No full textThe importance of this research lies in developing a psychological expenditure scale and its relationship to the passing skills of specialized volleyball players. The research problem focused on psychological expenditure as one of the problems and challenges faced by specialized players and its negative impact, such as poor skill performance, which is reflected in the performance of the player and the team. This weakens the player's self-confidence and concentration and affects the team's performance in tournaments as well as their performance in training. The research aims to develop a psychological expenditure scale, and the researcher used the descriptive approach as it is appropriate for the nature of the research problem. The five axes of the scale are (emotional numbness, lack of sense of achievement - emotional stress - poor communication with teammates - physical effects). The scale was weighted on a five-point scale and consisted of 30 items, most of which were negative. The sample consisted of 140 players from specialized schools in Baghdad, Dhi Qar, Anbar, Maysan, Wasit, and Basra for the period from March 1, 2025, to May 1, 2025. The data was statistically processed using the SPSS statistical program, using the T-test for independent samples in the discriminative ability of the statements and Pearson's correlation for internal consistency. The researcher concluded that there is a significant relationship between psychological expenditure and serving skill, and that psychological pressure and Psychological and physical fatigue among players must be reduced