Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology
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Eco-Friendly Bioconversion of Sewage Sludge: Strategies for Nutrient Recovery and Pollutant Mitigation
Full text linkSewage sludge (SS), a byproduct of wastewater treatment, is rich in organic matter and nutrients but also harbors heavy metals, pathogens, and organic pollutants. Sustainable disposal and valorization of SS is critical to mitigate environmental and health risks. This review explores the potential of biological composting techniques including thermophilic composting; vermicomposting, co-composting, and black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) treatment as effective, low-cost alternatives to conventional methods such as incineration, pyrolysis, and wet oxidation. These biological approaches significantly reduce pathogenic load and heavy metal mobility, while enhancing nutrient recovery and producing high-quality compost. Microbial degradation during composting facilitates the breakdown of persistent organic pollutants such as PAHs and PCBs. Vermicomposting, in particular, promotes metal bioaccumulation and nutrient enrichment, making the final product suitable for agricultural use. Despite their promise, biological methods face challenges such as slower degradation rates and variability in pollutant removal efficiency. Future research should focus on optimizing composting conditions, microbial consortia, and bulking agents to improve the degradation of persistent pollutants like PPCPs and micro-plastics. Overall, biological composting represents a key strategy in circular waste management, turning SS from an environmental liability into a valuable resource for sustainable agriculture
Artificial Intelligence in Chemistry: A Transformative Review
Full text linkThe advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is ushering in a new era across scientific disciplines, with chemistry being one of the most profoundly impacted. This review article explores the multifaceted integration of AI, particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), into various branches of chemistry, including drug discovery, materials science, chemical synthesis, and analytical chemistry. We delve into how AI is accelerating the pace of discovery, optimizing processes, and enabling novel insights that were previously unattainable through traditional experimental or computational methods. Furthermore, this article discusses the current methodologies, highlights significant results and breakthroughs, and addresses the prevailing challenges and future prospects of AI in revolutionizing chemical research and industrial applications. The ethical implications and the need for explainable AI (XAI) in chemistry are also critically examined
The Impact of Digital Communication on Interpersonal Relationships
Full text linkIn this study, we analyse the effect of digital means of communication on people\u27s relationships, looking particularly at the ways technologies modify the quality, level, and interaction of people\u27s connections. This study utilizes a secondary data methodology and compares existing literature to assess the advantages and disadvantages of digital means of communication. Results show that digital means of communication facilitate better access, timely interaction, and ease of maintaining long distance relationships. At the same time, they pose a challenge to both reduction of physical interaction, lack of emotional and contextual interpretation, and over-dependency on technology interfaces. From the literature review, we identify three primary considerations: How relationship interaction is shaped by technology, the impact of digital communication on emotional bonding, personalized trust, and online interaction problems such as increased conflict, isolation, and social distancing. The study also employs Social Presence Theory and Media Richness Theories to account for the communication medium and how the level of a relationship is determined by its outcome. The results and discussion focus on the balance of nett opportunities and constraints provided by digital communications relative to context, intended purpose, and intended frequency of use. In any case, the study focuses on the advantages of digital means of communication affirming that they enhance interpersonal relationships if utilized moderately and when supplemented with face-to-face interaction. To mitigate risks and foster healthier relationships in the digital age, online emotional awareness, remote interaction habits, and digital competencies should be developed and cultivated
Natural Chemical Constituents and Polymer Used in to Reduce PCOS Pain
Full text linkThe complex metabolic and endocrine disorder known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by anovulation, infertility, obesity, insulin resistance, and polycystic ovaries. Factors that predispose women to polycystic ovarian syndrome encompass dietary and lifestyle decisions, environmental pollutants, genetic predisposition, gut dysbiosis, alterations in neuroendocrine function, and excess adiposity. Hyperinsulinemia, oxidative stress, hyperandrogenism, inadequate folliculogenesis, and irregular menstrual periods are symptoms that may arise from these variables, potentially contributing to an escalation of metabolic syndrome. Pathogenic dysbiosis of the gut microbiota may have a role in the aetiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Immature oocytes, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and resveratrol are pathological features of PCOS that may be ameliorated by supplementation with natural compounds such as polyphenols, quercetin, resveratrol, flavonoids, vitamin C, gamma-linolenic acid, piperine, and omega-3 fatty acids, along with natural and semi-synthetic polymers. This review encapsulates the current understanding of the efficacy of natural chemical supplementation in the treatment of PCOS
Clinical Pharmacist Interventions in Neurology: A Systematic Review on Drug-Related Problems and Outcomes
Full text linkPatients with neurological disorders often require complex treatment regimens and frequently present with multiple comorbidities, which increases the likelihood of drug-related problems (DRPs). This systematic review compiles evidence from quantitative interventional and observational studies conducted across different healthcare settings to evaluate the effect of clinical pharmacist interventions on detecting and resolving DRPs in neurology wards. Findings consistently indicate that pharmacist-led interventions can substantially improve clinical outcomes, reduce medication-related complications, and optimize overall pharmacotherapy. The primary aim of this review is to provide a structured and comprehensive overview of the contribution of clinical pharmacists in the identification and management of DRPs among neurological patients. A thorough electronic literature search was carried out with a high-sensitivity strategy to retrieve relevant publications. Major databases consulted included Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE (via PubMed). Evidence from these studies shows that clinical pharmacist involvement was associated with a 43–78% reduction in DRPs, a 20–35% improvement in medication adherence, and measurable enhancements in clinical outcomes, including better seizure control, improved motor function, and higher medication safety standards. Importantly, the majority of pharmacist recommendations were accepted by prescribers (82–96%). Overall, the findings support the integration of clinical pharmacists into neurology services, demonstrating their value in reducing drug-related complications, enhancing therapeutic effectiveness, and strengthening patient safety
Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos in Mechanical Oscillatory Systems
Full text linkNonlinear dynamics and chaos could not be for complex behaviour. Such behaviour leads to oscillations in mechanical systems. Due to the overwhelming influence of chaotic behaviour in such systems, the present paper was carried out mostly theoretically and computationally-chaos mostly from huffing oscillator and its mechanical implementations. In addition, with the setup of experimental wide-parameters robust chaotic oscillations (Karimov et al., 2023) a new mechanical scheme realization in magnetic springs has been opened. Furthermore, from theoretical point of view there are recent papers that have revealed the transition from periodic to chaotic dynamics via period-doubling and bifurcation in hyperbolic double-well Duffing-type oscillators (Author et al., 2025). Inferring hidden dynamics framework is a new approach to predict observable and hidden variables from complex oscillatory systems (Stepanian’s et al., 2024). Therefore, in the paper we have decided to integrate these ideas and recent results from 2023 to 2025, and to carry out the following recent analysis of nonlinear behaviour, have looked at what approaches were used to detect chaos (through bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, Poincare maps), and what the implications are for vibration control, fault diagnosis, and energy harvesting
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Biological Problems With emphasis on Rural Development
Full text linkThe Present Paper explores how Artificial Intelligence can be used to develop some Biological models and how they are helpful in the Rural development, Rural developments means problems of Agriculture and emphasis will be on how the variety of crops not at in usual manner which is yet fallowing. Artificial Intelligence provide a Platform in the field of Rain water harvesting. Generic medicine, drug discovery. Diagnosis and treatment of various diseases for Rural development we can reduce waste, increased out, the present Paper summarizes the capability of AI by developing some models in the field of Biology, Agriculture and Bio based Plant which are quiet necessary for Rural development
Methods For Measuring Quantum Entanglement: Entanglement Entropy Measures and their Implications
Full text linkThe paper is an elaborate comparative assessment of the most relevant entropy-based quantities to be applied in quantifying quantum entanglement in pure, mixed, bipartite, and multipartite quantum systems. The study fills the existing gap in the literature in which most of the previous literature examines individual measures, but a lot of knowledge is lacking on what these measures are regarding their strengths, weaknesses, and the operational usefulness against each other. The study can prove the behaviour of each measure under noise, decoherence, dimensional scaling, and variation of state-type by analysing von Neumann entropy, the Tsallis entropy, entropy of entanglement of formation, concurrence and logarithmic negativity. Numerical studies with pure two-qubit states, Werner states, GHZ states, W states and mixed random states demonstrate specific sensitivity properties and computational limitations which ensure that no single measure can be a universal quantifier.
The paper goes on to say that entropy-only measures do not work in mixed regimes because of a dominance in classical correlations. The results have several important implications to quantum communication, quantum simulation, and quantum computing in the NISQ-era, where the choice of measurement has a direct impact on benchmarking, error-correction scheme, and protocol performance based on entanglement. The paper ends with a recommendation of contextual, purpose-based scheme of selecting entanglement measures and suggests a further study on scalable benchmarking, hybrid quantifiers, and operational performance-based entanglement measurements. These observations reinforce the theoretical premise of entanglement studies and enable the advancement of more effective quantum technologies in the field of practice
Exploring the Pharmacognosy and Multifaceted Bioactivities of Different Parts of Hippophae rhamnoides L.: A Review
Full text linkHippophae rhamnoides L., commonly known as sea buckthorn, is a deciduous shrub of the Elaeagnaceae family with a long history of use in traditional medicine across Eurasia. Recent comprehensive reviews have consolidated knowledge on its pharmacognostic characteristics, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities, highlighting the therapeutic potential of different plant parts. Pharmacognostic studies have elucidated macro‑ and microscopic features (stem, leaf, seed, fruit), including anatomy (vascular tissues, trichomes, secretory structures), powder microscopy, as well as physicochemical parameters such as ash values, extractive values, moisture content, etc., which are essential for authentication of raw materials and quality control. For example, the stem & leaf of Hippophae rhamnoides L. have been characterized for their morphological and microscopic traits, and key quantitative parameters determined. In conclusion, It is also known for their strong potential for use in a nutrition, skincare and medicinal property due to its antioxidant, anti-stress, immunomodulatory, anti-tumour, hepato-protective, anti-atherogenic, cytoprotective, anti-bacterial and ant-imicrobial properties
Applications of Quantum Mechanics in Modern Theoretical Physics Studies
Full text linkQuantum mechanics is considered to be one of the most successful as well as revolutionary theories in the history of physics. It gives the conceptual and mathematical basis of the behavior of matter and energy at atomic and subatomic level. In the course of time quantum mechanics has grown out of a theory that was created to cover experimental anomalies to a comprehensive theory that forms the basis of theoretical physics as known today. Its use is much broader to the early atomic models and now it is central to quantum field theory, particle physics and condensed matter physics, cosmology, and new theories of quantum gravity.
Quantum mechanics has a significant impact on the philosophical concept of physical reality because of its abstract nature, the probabilistic nature of its interpretations, wave functions and non-local correlations. The classical physics, in contrast to quantum mechanics, presupposes the determinism and exact predictability of the phenomena; quantum mechanics regards the unpredictability of phenomena as the natural law. This change of thought has enabled physicists to develop a set of theoretical frameworks, which better capture experimental data, especially at gross extremes of energy and space.
Quantum mechanics is a theory and a method of modern theoretical physics. It allows the development of field theories of the description of fundamental interactions, predicts the occurrence of previously unknown particles, and the explanation of complex collective phenomena in many-body systems. Moreover, additional quantum concepts have already become essential in the study of the early universe, black holes and microphysical geometry of space-time.
The purpose of the research paper is to examine the vast number of theoretical physics studies using quantum mechanics as a tool. The paper has emphasised the contribution of quantum mechanics in the current research on the study of unification of physical theories as it is manifested in key subfields to which quantum mechanics has made contributions. There are also some reflections of where quantum mechanics is likely to make a paradigm shift in the future that confirm its relevance as a fundamental pillar of theoretical physics