Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology
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Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutic uses of Diuretic Agents: A Review
Full text linkThe osmolarity of both blood and urine will increase if the kidneys are unable to eliminate excess water and electrolytes. NPS can be treated by restricting salt intake and using diuretics. Loop diuretics. Salt and water are flushed out of the body by diuretics. Medications have a sodium-lowering effect. arteries parched with salt BP-lowering. Albumin and diuretics both have the effect of decreasing sensitivity. Furosemide inhibits albumin. Fail-safe. Albuminuria, coagulopathy, dyslipidemia, edema. Diuretics are used to treat both edema and non-edema. Diuretics are used to treat heart failure, high blood pressure, and ascites (and other disorders when applicable). Treatment of heart failure, side effects, off-label usage, dose, pharmacokinetics, monitoring, and interactions are all topics that will be covered in this article. Thiazide diuretics that are authorized by the FDA impede between 3 and 5 percent of nephron DCT sodium reabsorption. Thiazides cause a person to urinate more often. Nephron trafficking is slowed down when diuretics are used. Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide inhibit Na-K-2Cl (SLC12A1). Chloride-binding proteins can only be bound to by anions. Perform the initial dose once again. Bronchodilators that open up the airways. The administrator of the test will be able to tell if your airways constrict (spirometry). Chemicals that because inflammation weaken smooth muscle. Drops of 15 percent in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) suggest airway hyperreactivity and inflammation
Quality Risk Management Approach for Drug Development and Its Future Prospectives
Full text linkThese days, finding new marketing authorizations, guaranteeing regulatory compliance, and keeping labour costs competitive are extremely tough. Many pharmaceutical companies also struggle to deal with local regulatory issues and stay up with changes in key pharmaceutical markets. Regulations are thoroughly reviewed before being given to the RA department. This team compiles the most critical prescription information for global approval and marketing. This category accepts both new and revised product submissions. This is mostly handled by the RA department. RA\u27s job is to provide feedback on proposed or disputed legislation. This is a proactive measure. The ICH framework allows for more early intervention. Regulators have a wide range of responsibilities. In the US, the FDA must register and clear the goods with the export company\u27s regulatory professional.
 
Preclinical Evaluation of Tropic Activity on Isolated Frog Heart by Using Volatile Oil of Nigella sativa Seeds
Full text linkThe lifestyle of people has changed over the time. Before the revolution days, people suffered from various diseases and the availability of medicines were not available. Today’s life is busier. Healthcare system has improved a lot but at the same time the number of people getting affected by different sources is still on a rise. The number one cause of death worldwide is due to heart diseases. The death rates due to cardiovascular disease increased. In order to improve the health conditions, there is a continuous development of synthetic and herbal medicines. Recently, rise in the use of herbal medicines have due to its natural origins and less side effects. One of the emerging herbs is Nigella sativa described as the remedy of all diseases. The tropic activity of the extracted volatile oil from Nigella sativa is observed on the isolated frog’s heart. The heart was isolated from the frog and was treated with adrenaline and acetylcholine to study its activity respectively. The isolated heart was also treated with the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds which produced dose dependent bradycardia like situation followed by cardiac arrest
Descriptive Study of Inguinal Hernia in the Post Graduated Hospital Khost
Full text linkHernia is derived from the Latin word for rupture1. A hernia is defined as an abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a defect in its surrounding walls. Although a hernia can occur at various sites of the body, these defects most commonly involve the abdominal wall, particularly the inguinal region. Hernia surgery is one of the earliest forms of surgery and various techniques of hernia repair have been described. The ideal treatment of inguinal hernia should be well defined and should be the least traumatic as regards to both the requested type of anesthesia and the operative technique, least expensive, least per-and postoperative morbidity, the chosen technique should also be the easiest to learn and perform and the positive results should be the most reproducible.
This research was conducted on 214 patients, out of which only 2 patients were female, which are 1.6%, and all other patients were male, which are 98.4%. The average age of all patients are 18-50 years old, of which 42 patients are 18-28 years old, 49 patients are 29-39 years old, and 123 patients are 40-50 years old.
Out of 214 patients, 126 patients had Right inguinal hernia which are 59%, 77 patients had left inguinal hernia which are 36% and 11 patients had hernia on both sides which are 5%. 67 patients had direct inguinal hernia which are 31.1% and 147 patients had indirect inguinal hernia which are 68.9%. The diagnosis of these patients was mostly based on history and clinical signs and symptoms of the patient.
Among those patients, 70 were underwent shouldice repair, which are 23.7%, 114 patients underwent bassini repair, which are 53.0 %, and 30 patients underwent meshplasty, which are 14.3%.
Fortunately, all of the patients who have been operated have been cured and the death rate are zero, and only 12 patients, which are 5.6% of the total, were previously operated. 5 patients had hematocele which are 2.3%, 3 patients developed neuralgia after surgery which are 1.4% and 3 patients had infection which are 1.4%.
So, we said that only 5.14% of our patients had post-operative complications, fortunately 94.86% of patients were cured without complications
Estimation of LH, FSH, Prolactin, Ferritin and Vitamin B12 of Hypothyroid Women in Kirkuk City/Iraq
Full text linkThyroid diseases are among the commonest endocrine disorders. It effects growth, embryonic development, reproduction, tissue differentiation, maturation and metabolism, this research aimed to study gonadal dysfunction in hypothyroid womens, included serum levels of FSH, LH, prolactin, Ferritin and Vitamin B12 with thyroid hormones, blood sample was collected from women age ranged between (15-49) years 65 of them had hypothyroidisim and they were under hormonal treatment, while 10 of the samples were healthy control, The results Showed a significant difference in Serum levels of T3, T4, TSH, LH, FSH and Prolactin, while there was a significant decrease in Vitamin B12 Levels (P ≤ 0.027) in hypothyroid patients under hormonal treatment compared to control group, we concluded that circulation thyroid hormone showed a significant effect of serum levels of LH, FSH, Prolactin and Vitamin B12,While no effects shows on serum ferritin
Remediation: A Novel Approach for Reducing Environmental Pollution
Full text linkHazardous contaminants persist more and more now, which negatively impacts the world in various ways. Nearly every second species on earth is experiencing the worst problem with their existence as a result of high environmental contamination. While more recent remediation methods have made improvements, conventional methods have not successfully removed dangerous substances from the environment. Hazardous contaminants elimination using the remediation technique (HCER) is a process that uses remineralization to eliminate hazardous contaminants from contaminated soils and groundwater. The process involves removing hazardous constituents from contaminated soil or groundwater through either mechanical or biological means; then replacing these constituents with beneficial elements to restore environmental quality. Remediation technologies are used for both on-site and off-site applications, including landfills, industrial sites, municipal solid waste landfills, construction sites (e.g., roads), mine tailing piles and other areas where contamination exists due to anthropogenic activities such as mining operations, oil spills and landfill leachate seepage. The present study aims to examine and analyze the literature in the area of remediation strategies used to get rid of toxins, mainly from soil and water
A Comprehensive Study on Anthemintic Activity of Some Herbal Plants and Its Essential Oil
Full text linkIt is an interesting opportunity to repurpose the medication by using it in conjunction with other treatments that function in a variety of different ways in order to combat helminthic infections and the diseases they cause. In this article, we emphasised how the usage of antioxidants, either alone or in conjunction with anthelmintic drugs, might reduce the chance of developing infection-related malignancies as well as tissue damage and infection-related issues. As a result, antioxidants have the potential to be utilised as a supportive strategy throughout the treatment process in order to reduce the possibility of undesirable effects. This results in a more complex immune interplay that has not yet been investigated. Deworming and supplementing the diet with iron-rich nutrients have been suggested as treatments for patients with podoconiosis who live in resource-poor conditions. Additionally, it is believed that hookworm infection may aid to decrease inflammatory reactions. However, due to the unmistakable connection that exists between a non-infectious and an infectious disease, it is possible for a situation to arise in which the treatment of one disease condition during a co-infection either makes the other disease condition worse or is mitigated by the impairment brought on by the other disease condition. We provide more detail on the immunopathogenesis of podoconiosis and investigate the potential immunological dynamics of hookworm co-infection in the immunopathology of podoconiosis with the goal of better managing the disease and eventually eliminating it. This work is being done in the context of the immunopathology of podoconiosis
Biotransformation: A Novel Approach of Modulating and Synthesizing Compounds
Full text linkTransformation of potential compounds into utilizable and beneficial forms is often cost involving and time consuming. Chemical transformation though was an existing opportunity catering our needs but due to environmental impacts and cost- benefit ratio analysis it proved futile and a new branch of transformation came into existence termed as biotransformation. Biotransformation is an excellent opportunity of tailoring compounds to cater our needs in a simple and is an eco-friendly approach. Biotransformation allows conversion of one component to another compound by application of biological systems. Fermentation based biotransformation of plant extract is a well-established world-wide standard technique used to maximize shelf-life, nutritional and organoleptic properties and to eliminate harmful substances from primary food substrates. Biotransformation by microbes has grown greatly from a small involvement in highly active fields of green chemistry, including the preparation of pharmaceutical drugs, in recent years. In addition fermentation processes have been targeted and optimized to enhance the production of active microbial metabolites using sufficient or suitable nutrients and with the correct microbial target for functional benefits. At present, significant attention has been given to biotransformation technology worldwide to develop medicines through the processing and enrichment of additional medicinally essential bioactive metabolites including terpenes, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids and saponins. Biotransformation utilizing various biological systems can be used to modulate and in the enhancement of bioactive compounds in an environment promising way. Biotransformation is assumed to play a key role in green chemistry in future because of its sustainable approach. This review represents an overview of biotransformation techniques and its applications in a nutshell
Preliminary Observations on the Novel Approaches in Fuzzy Conformable Differential Calculus
Full text linkThis paper presents a novel extension of fuzzy calculus by integrating it with conformable calculus to introduce the fuzzy conformable derivative, a mathematical tool designed to handle the complexities of systems characterized by both uncertainty and fractional-order dynamics. The study begins by defining the fuzzy conformable derivative of order Ψ, which combines the ability of fuzzy calculus to model vagueness with the flexibility of conformable derivatives to capture non-integer order behaviors. This concept is further extended to higher orders, specifically the second order (2Ψ) and arbitrary order pΨ, enabling the modeling of more complex, multi-order dynamics in fuzzy-valued functions. Key contributions include the formal definitions of these derivatives, the establishment of their properties, and the development of operational rules that extend classical calculus operations to fuzzy systems. Additionally, the paper demonstrates how these derivatives can be applied to solve fuzzy differential equations and approximate functions using Taylor series expansions. While the fuzzy conformable derivative offers a powerful framework for modeling complex systems, the study also identifies certain limitations, such as potential unboundedness of solutions and the non-adherence to classical mathematical laws in higher-order cases. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive approach to differentiating fuzzy-valued functions in systems where uncertainty and fractional-order dynamics play a critical role. The proposed methods open up new avenues for research and application in fields such as control systems, economics, and engineering, where traditional calculus methods may not suffice. Future research directions include refining these methods, exploring computational techniques, and applying the framework to a broader range of real-world problems