Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology
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Formulation Development and Characterization of Novel Anti-Psoriatic Cream for Topical Drug Delivery
Full text linkA systematic approach was employed to formulate four different cream bases (F1 to F4) using various emollients, humectants, and penetration enhancers to assess their impact on physicochemical properties, skin compatibility, drug release behavior, and stability. Four different cream formulation was prepared using oil-in-water (O/W) or anhydrous cream technique, depending on the base type used like anhydrous base (F1), lanolin base(F2), Silicone base (F3) and Glycerine rich base (F4). All formulations were physically uniform with smooth textures and no evidence of phase separation. Among them, F3 exhibited the best uniformity, likely due to the inclusion of dimethicone and triglycerides, which improve texture and spread. pH of all batch creams had pH values ranging from 5.5 to 5.8, which is within the physiologically acceptable range for topical application. Spreadability values ranged from 6.8 to 8.6 g·cm/s, with F3 showing the highest spreadability. Cream consistency ranged from 46,500 to 58,000 cP, with F1 having the highest viscosity due to its wax-heavy base. F3 showed the lowest viscosity, drug release. F3 achieved the highest cumulative permeation of Mahonia aquifolium (52.7 ± 1.8 µg/cm²), highlighting the effectiveness of its base in facilitating skin penetration. F4 followed closely (46.5 ± 1.6 µg/cm²), while F1 showed the least permeation, attributed to its dense occlusive base. The optimized formulation, F3, underwent accelerated stability testing at 40°C for 3 months under ICH guidelines. The formulation was monitored for changes in pH, viscosity, spreadability, permeation, extrudability, and homogeneity. Drug release efficiency was maintained with negligible decline (52.7% to 51.8%), indicating no compromise in performance after storage. Extrudability remained consistent, indicating maintained usabilit
Measuring Environmental Sustainability and Living Standard of Panchmura Village: A Field Study Based Approach
Full text linkPanchmura village of Bankura is famous for its majestic Terracotta art. The long-necked Terracotta horse and other pottery items are most popular pottery items of this craft village. An extensive field survey is administered to evaluate the quality of soil, water and air of this village. The soil and water sample is collected for testing in laboratory along with the vehicular pollution is measured. The basic problem like soil and pollution due to contamination by fertilizers and other agricultural residuals are prominent in this region. Some suggestive measures like application of bio-fertilizer, green manure, crop rotation, usage of e-vehicle and green technology are made in this article
Antibiotic Utilization in Nephrological and Respiratory Infections: A Prospective Cohort Observational Study
Full text linkAntibiotic utilization plays a vital role in healthcare by ensuring effective bacterial infection management while mitigating resistance risks. This study aims to examine the pattern of antibiotic utilization in respiratory and nephrological disease. A prospective cohort observational study was conducted over six months in the nephrology and respiratory wards, involving 200 patients, following approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee of GCS Medical College & Research Centre. Patients aged 18 years or older with diagnosed nephrological or respiratory conditions who provided informed consent were included, while those with incomplete medical records were excluded. Statistical analysis involved mean, mode, and percentage. Our findings shows that antibiotic prescriptions were more common among male patients, with AKI on CKD (15.5%) and LRTI (19%) being the most frequently observed conditions. Prophylactic antibiotic use significantly reduced infection risks, particularly in nephrology patients. In the respiratory department, 62.54% of prescriptions were based on suspected infections. Cephalosporins were the most commonly used antibiotics. This study concluded that appropriate utilization of antibiotics is crucial for ensuring their continued effectiveness and minimizing the risks associated with antimicrobial resistance. A multidisciplinary approach involving healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the public is necessary to combat AMR and safeguard global health for future generations
Effectiveness of Homeopathic Medicine in Molluscum Contagiosum: A Case Report
Full text linkMolluscum Contagiosum (MC) is a common viral skin infection caused by the Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV), primarily affecting children, sexually active adults, and immunocompromised individuals. While MC is self-limiting, it may persist for months or even years, leading to secondary infections and cosmetic concerns. Conventional treatments, including cryotherapy and curettage, are often associated with pain and recurrence. Homeopathy, as an alternative approach, aims to stimulate the body\u27s immune response for long-term resolution. This case study presents a 20-month-old female child diagnosed with MC, treated with individualized homeopathic remedies, primarily Sulphur, based on symptom totality. Over three months of treatment, there was a gradual improvement, with complete resolution of lesions and only residual pigmentation remaining. This case highlights the potential of homeopathy in managing MC effectively and painlessly, suggesting the need for further research to validate its role in dermatological conditions
A Review on Biological Potential of Gmelina in Traditional Therapeutic Aspects
Full text linkGmelina arborea Roxb (Family: Verbenaceae) is a beautiful fast growing tree distributed chiefly in South-East Asia and tropical Africa. As medicine it has been used in Ayurveda since ancient times in ulcer, diarrhoea, thirst, anaemia, leprosy, vaginal discharges, piles, fever and varieties of ailments. Till now a large number of phytoconstituents have been isolated from Gmelina arborea (Gambhari), which include lignans, flavanoids, coumarins, steroids, terpenes, fatty acids and iridoid glycosides. Various in vitro and in vivo experimental studies indicated that it possesses anti-oxidant, anti- microbial, diuretic, cardio-protective, anthelmintic, anti-ulcer, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities. Hence it appears to be a promising herbal candidate to undergo further exploration. In the present review an attempt had been made to explore the different aspects of Gambhari
Angiogenesis and Vascular Repair in Acute Kidney Injury
Full text linkChronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most dangerous medical illnesses that can be caused by acute kidney injury (AKI), which is characterised by the sudden cessation of normal kidney function. This condition can also lead to other major complications. Abnormalities of the endothelium, inflammation, and oxidative stress are all factors that contribute to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI), which primarily impacts the vasculature of the kidneys. Renal regeneration is dependent on angiogenesis and vascular repair pathways, which include hypoxia-inducible pathways, vascular endothelial growth factor signalling, and the activation of endothelial progenitor cells. These pathways are essential for the regeneration of the human kidney. Angiogenesis that is not properly regulated can, unfortunately, hasten the onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which can then result in maladaptive repair and fibrosis. In acute kidney injury (AKI), there is an immediate need for novel therapeutic approaches that focus on the molecular mechanisms of vascular repair in order to enhance regeneration while simultaneously reducing pathological remodelling. The purpose of this study is to discuss the function of angiogenesis and vascular repair in acute kidney injury (AKI), as well as to highlight potential treatment methods that could improve renal outcomes
Formulation And Evaluation of Polyherbal Powdered Shampoo for Healthy Hair
Full text linkHerbal powder shampoos have gained popularity as natural alternatives to chemical-based hair cleansers. They offer nourishment and cleansing without harmful additives. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of three herbal powder shampoo variants, each composed of carefully selected botanical ingredients known for their beneficial effects on hair health. The key ingredients include “Hibiscus, Amla, Reetha, Shikakai, Flaxseed, Henna, Rosemary, and Rose Petals”. Each ingredient contributes unique properties such as cleansing, conditioning, strengthening, and promoting hair growth. Hibiscus enhances shine and reduces hair fall, Amla is rich in antioxidants, Reetha provides natural cleansing, and Shikakai aids scalp health. Flaxseeds retain moisture, Henna conditions hair, Rosemary stimulates growth, and Rose Petals offer a soothing fragrance. The study involves preparation, phytochemical screening, and evaluation of the formulated shampoo in terms of pH, foaming capacity, solubility, washability and stability.The formulations differ slightly in ingredient proportions to optimize effectiveness for different hair types and concerns. Formulation 1 focuses on balanced cleansing and conditioning. Formulation 2 enhances cleansing properties, and Formulation 3 emphasizes scalp nourishment and hair strengthening. While Formulation 3 has the highest cleansing power due to increased Reetha and Amla, its lower conditioning agents make it less suitable for dry or normal hair. In contrast, Formulation 1 offers a balanced mix of cleansing and hydration, making it ideal for most hair types. Therefore, Formulation 1 is considered the best for maintaining scalp health and hair softness, while Formulation 3 is better suited for oily hair
Advaita Vedanta and Contemporary Science: Critical Intersections Between Non-Dualistic Philosophy and Scientific Paradigms of Consciousness
Full text linkThis interdisciplinary study investigates the complex relationship between Advaita Vedanta, one of India\u27s most sophisticated philosophical traditions, and contemporary scientific paradigms across quantum physics, neuroscience, and consciousness studies. Rather than merely asserting parallels, this research critically examines both the convergences and divergences between Advaitic principles and scientific frameworks, assessing the methodological challenges inherent in such cross-disciplinary comparison. Through systematic analysis of primary Advaitic texts, contemporary scientific literature, and philosophical discourse, this work demonstrates how the non-dualistic framework of Advaita offers conceptual tools that may contribute to addressing certain theoretical limitations in current scientific models of consciousness and reality, while acknowledging where scientific findings might challenge or refine traditional Advaitic interpretations. The study employs a tripartite methodology combining (1) textual analysis of classical Advaitic sources, (2) critical review of empirical studies across multiple scientific disciplines, and (3) conceptual analysis of theoretical frameworks. This research contributes to emerging dialogues between contemplative traditions and scientific inquiry, revealing how this intersection might generate novel research questions and methodological approaches to investigating consciousness; potentially fostering a more comprehensive understanding that neither tradition alone could achieve
Transcending Boundaries: Sushma Swaraj and the Multidimensional Paradigm of Women\u27s Empowerment in Political Leadership
Full text linkThis comprehensive review paper presents a groundbreaking analytical framework for understanding the extraordinary political career of Sushma Swaraj (1952-2019) through the integrated lens of women\u27s empowerment theory. By synthesizing seven distinct theoretical traditions; transformational leadership theory, feminist standpoint theory, capability approach, adaptive leadership, policy entrepreneurship, collaborative governance, and integrative public leadership; we develop a multidimensional paradigm that transcends conventional unidimensional approaches to female political leadership. This integrative framework reveals how Swaraj\u27s exceptional four-decade career systematically dismantled gendered barriers while simultaneously constructing new pathways for women\u27s participation in governance. Through qualitative analysis of her pioneering achievements, diplomatic innovations, and leadership style, we demonstrate that Swaraj embodied a uniquely transformative approach to political leadership that addressed structural constraints while expanding capabilities for women across socioeconomic strata. The paper concludes that Swaraj\u27s legacy represents a paradigm-shifting case study in how women leaders can transform institutional structures, policy frameworks, and cultural narratives simultaneously, offering crucial insights for theorizing women\u27s empowerment beyond binary frameworks of agency versus structure. These findings establish a new theoretical foundation for understanding the multidimensional nature of women\u27s empowerment in political leadership, with significant implications for both scholarly research and practical leadership development
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer Doses on Growth and Yield of Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum) in Northeast Agro Ecology of Afghanistan
Full text linkA field experiment was conducted at the agriculture farm of Kunduz University during the fall season of 2023 to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of wheat crop in the northeast agro ecology of Afghanistan. The study included five treatments: control, 160 kg N/ha+80 kg P2O5/ha+10 tons of poultry manure/ha, 80 kg N/ha+40 kg P2O5/ha+5 tons of poultry manure and 160 kg N/ha+80 kg P2O5+10 tons of poultry manure. Results indicated that the combination of 160 kg N/ha + 80 kg P2O5/ha+10 tons of poultry manure yielded the highest plant height (107.08 cm), leaf area index (3.02), dry matter accumulation (372.81 g/plant), spike length (16.51 cm), spikes per square meter (343.67), spikelet\u27s per spike (21.40), grains per spike (53.62), 1000-grain weight (57.73 g), grain yield (4.20 tons/ha), straw yield (6.38 tons/ha), biological yield (10.39 tons/ha), harvest index (44.61%), gross return (101,165 AFN/ha), net return (60,740 AFN/ha) and benefit cost ratio (1.73). The control plot exhibited the lowest growth, yield and economic performance. Treatment revealed the detrimental effects of inadequate fertilization underscoring the necessity for nutrient management in wheat cultivation. The results advocate for integrated nutrient management practices that leverage both organic and inorganic fertilizers to optimize agricultural productivity sustainably. These findings provide valuable insights for farmers and agricultural policymakers in Afghanistan emphasizing the need to adopt balanced fertilization techniques to enhance food security and economic stability in the region. Future research should focus on long-term effects and the sustainability of these practices to ensure continued agricultural success