Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology
Not a member yet
709 research outputs found
Sort by
A Comprehensive Review on Omeprazole: Pharmacological Effects and Its Adverse Effects
Full text linkOmeprazole, a widely used proton pump inhibitor (PPI), has become a cornerstone in the treatment of various acid-related gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. By inhibiting the proton pump in parietal cells, omeprazole effectively reduces gastric acid secretion, thereby promoting healing and alleviating symptoms associated with hyperacidity. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological actions, therapeutic uses, and potential adverse effects of omeprazole. The drug’s mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and clinical applications in both acute and chronic conditions are discussed in detail. Additionally, attention is given to the adverse effects associated with its prolonged use, including but not limited to gastrointestinal disturbances, nutrient deficiencies, renal complications, and an increased risk of infections. The balance between its therapeutic benefits and associated risks is explored, with a focus on the clinical decision-making process in prescribing omeprazole. The review also highlights the potential for drug interactions, particularly with medications that alter gastric pH or are metabolized via the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Overall, while omeprazole remains a highly effective therapeutic agent, its adverse effects necessitate careful consideration, particularly in long-term use or in vulnerable patient populations
Vehicular Pollution in Tourist Cities: A Case Study of Agra’s Air Quality and Health Outcomes
Full text linkTourist cities face a dual burden of maintaining heritage integrity while coping with rising vehicular emissions. Agra, globally renowned for the Taj Mahal, experiences intense traffic due to tourism, commercial growth, and urban expansion. This influx has made vehicles a dominant source of air pollution, releasing fine particulates (PM₂.₅), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Elevated levels of these pollutants deteriorate ambient air quality and are strongly linked to respiratory problems, cardiovascular stress, and impaired cognitive function among residents and visitors. Beyond human health, corrosive deposits of pollutants accelerate the discoloration and structural decline of marble monuments, posing a serious challenge to cultural conservation.
Policy frameworks such as the transition to Bharat Stage VI standards, partial traffic restrictions near the Taj Mahal, and wider use of compressed natural gas (CNG) reflect important mitigation steps. However, their impact remains uneven due to limited enforcement, inadequate infrastructure, and the continued dominance of private vehicles. This case study highlights the pressing need for comprehensive interventions, including sustainable transport systems, stricter emission monitoring, and eco-sensitive tourism models. Protecting Agra’s air quality and safeguarding its heritage demand a balanced strategy where environmental sustainability and tourism coexist without compromise
A Study on Essence of Artificial Intelligence to Develop Some Bio-Models for Sustainability and Green Technology
Full text linkThe present paper deals with the essence of artificial intelligence to develop some models for sustainability and green technology. An attempt has been made to develop some Bio models to enhance accuracy, efficiency and predictive power in bio-research and health care. In the present paper we have restricted ourselves to data driven modeling, simulation and prediction, personalized medicine, automation and optimization, ethical and sustainable research. The role of Artificial Intelligence in developing Bio-models lies its ability to transform biological data into intelligent predictive and adaptive systems that deepen our understanding of life process and improve health care outcomes
Extraction, Purification, and Microbial Evaluation of Alkaloids from Cultivable Bacteria Isolated from Yogurt
Full text linkMicrobial alkaloids are a class of bioactive secondary metabolites with significant therapeutic potential, including antimicrobial and anticancer properties. This study aimed to isolate, purify, and characterize alkaloids from cultivable bacteria obtained from yogurt and evaluate their biological activities. Three bacterial isolates (YG-1, YG-2, and YG-3) were recovered, and YG-2 was identified as Lacticaseibacillus casei based on colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical profiling. Crude extracts were obtained through solvent extraction and fractionated using column chromatography. TLC analysis revealed distinct alkaloid spots, while FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups characteristic of alkaloids. The purified fractions exhibited notable antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, as well as antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The results demonstrate that yogurt-derived L. casei can serve as a novel source of bioactive alkaloids with potential therapeutic applications. This study underscores the significance of food-derived probiotics as a safe and sustainable resource for natural drug discovery
A Review on the Role of Pharmacist Interventions in Identifying and Resolving Drug-Related Problems Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Full text linkBackground: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition marked by declining renal function and a growing burden of comorbidities. The complexity of pharmacotherapy in CKD leads to a high prevalence of drug-related problems (DRPs). Clinical and community pharmacists play a vital role in the identification and resolution of these problems. However, in many developing countries including India, the role of clinical pharmacists in nephrology care is still underutilized, highlighting the need for greater integration into healthcare teams. Objective: This review aims to explore and evaluate the role and impact of pharmacist interventions on DRPs in CKD patients based on data extracted from key studies conducted globally. Methods: A structured review was carried out using recent literature from PubMed, Scopus, BMC, MDPI, Cureus, and other databases published. The review included randomized controlled trials, prospective studies, and systematic reviews focused on pharmacist-led interventions in CKD patients. Result: In CKD patients, the prevalence of drug-related problems (DRPs) has been reported between 30% and 76%, varying by study design and population. The most common DRPs included dosing errors, adverse drug reactions, and drug–drug interactions, followed by untreated indications and unnecessary therapies. Pharmacist interventions consistently reduced DRPs by 60–80%, improved adherence and quality of life, and achieved 65–80% resolution rates with high prescriber acceptance. Conclusion: Pharmacist interventions, particularly as part of multidisciplinary care, have been shown to markedly decrease drug-related problems, enhance therapeutic effectiveness, and improve overall patient outcomes. It remains essential to establish standardized methods for DRP classification and to strengthen the role of pharmacists across both hospital and community healthcare settings.
 
Evaluating the Phytoremediation Potential of Chrysopogon zizanoides (Vetiver Grass) in Metal-Contaminated Industrial Wastewater: An Integrated Physico-Chemical and Bioaccumulation Study
Full text linkIndustrial wastewater contains high loads of organic pollutants, suspended solids and toxic heavy metals, posing critical environmental and public-health challenges. Phytoremediation using resilient, fast-growing plants offers a sustainable and low-cost alternative to conventional treatment technologies. This study evaluates the efficiency of Chrysopogon zizanoides (vetiver grass) for treating industrial wastewater (W1) by assessing changes in physico-chemical parameters and heavy-metal concentrations following treatment. Results indicated substantial reductions in Total Suspended Solids (81.82%), Color (93.33%), Turbidity (63.84%), BOD (93.76%), and COD (85.51%). Heavy-metal removal was highly efficient, with Cr (84.8%), Ni (93%), and Zn (92.1%) significantly reduced (p < 0.01). The treated values approached EPA discharge standards across most parameters. These findings affirm the potential of Chrysopogon zizanoides (vetiver grass) as a robust phytoremediator for industrial effluent treatment, offering an eco-friendly approach for sustainable wastewater management
Pharmacology of Propranolol as an Antihypertensive Drug
Full text linkPropranolol, a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, has long been used in the treatment of hypertension. It lowers blood pressure through several mechanisms, including reducing heart rate, myocardial contractility, and inhibiting renin release. Despite newer antihypertensive agents, propranolol continues to play a role, particularly in patients with concomitant cardiovascular conditions. This review examines its pharmacological mechanisms, clinical effectiveness, side effects, and its ongoing relevance in hypertension management
Leveraging Multi-Component Control Strategies for Marburg Virus Suppression: A Mathematical Modeling Approach
Full text linkMarburg virus disease is a severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever that poses a significant threat to global health. Its high transmissibility, incubation period, and nonspecific symptoms hinder early detection and effective containment. Limited public awareness, delayed diagnosis, and restricted access to reliable health information further heighten the risk of widespread outbreaks.
This study develops a mathematical model for Marburg virus transmission using a compartmental SEIR (Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered) framework. The inclusion of an Exposed compartment captures the latent period before symptom onset, improving the accuracy of disease progression modeling. Key parameters, such as the basic reproduction number , are estimated to evaluate the virus\u27s potential for sustained transmission. Sensitivity and stability analyses identify the most critical factors influencing outbreak dynamics and thresholds for containment.
To guide intervention efforts, optimal control strategies such as public education, early diagnosis and treatment, case isolation, and vector control are incorporated into the model. Numerical simulations and cost-effectiveness assessments demonstrate that combined strategies can reduce infection rates and lower below the epidemic threshold.
Despite data limitations and implementation challenges, this model offers valuable insights for public health decision-making, emphasizing the need for integrated and timely responses to prevent future Marburg virus outbreaks
Review: Ethnopharmacology: Bridging Traditional Knowledge and Modern Science
Full text linkEthnopharmacology, derived from the Greek words "ethno" (people, nation, tribe) and "pharmacology" (study of drugs), examines how human societies utilize natural resources such as plants, fungi, animals, and minerals for medicinal purposes. This field bridges traditional herbal knowledge with modern pharmacological science, aiming to integrate ancient wisdom with contemporary research methods. Ethnopharmacology seeks to document conventional medicine practices, understand cultural uses of natural remedies, and identify potential pharmaceuticals from these sources. It emphasizes ethical use, fair rewards for communities, and integration with modern healthcare. With historical roots in Central and Eastern Europe and influences from Greek and Roman cultures, ethnopharmacology continues to explore the potential for improving global healthcare by linking traditional wisdom with modern science. This review offers a snapshot of the field\u27s achievements and future directions
Women as Healthcare Gatekeepers: Gendered Dimensions of Health Decision-Making in Tribal Communities of Northeast India
Full text linkThis paper examines the critical role of women as healthcare gatekeepers within tribal communities in Northeast India, with a specific focus on Tripura. Through a comprehensive mixed-methods research design incorporating sophisticated statistical modeling, we analyze how women\u27s decision-making authority in family healthcare creates measurable positive health outcomes despite structural limitations. Data from 427 households across 12 tribal villages reveals that households where women have primary healthcare decision-making authority demonstrate significantly better health indicators, including higher vaccination rates (OR=2.37, p<0.001), improved maternal health outcomes (β=0.41, p<0.01), and more consistent utilization of available healthcare services (χ²=18.42, p<0.001). Our hierarchical regression and structural equation models indicate that women\u27s education level and economic empowerment serve as significant mediating factors in this relationship. Applying multiple theoretical frameworks including feminist standpoint theory, capabilities approach, and social ecological models, we demonstrate how women\u27s healthcare gatekeeping represents a domain-specific exercise of agency within traditionally constrained gender systems. These findings suggest that targeted policy interventions should focus on enhancing women\u27s decision-making authority while simultaneously addressing broader socioeconomic factors to improve community health outcomes in resource-limited settings