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ODREĐENI IZAZOVI I SPECIFIČNOSTI ARBITRAŽE U ČEŠKOJ
Get PDFArbitration in Czechia has historical roots tracing back to the First Czechoslovak Republic. However, the article explores mainly the recent evolution of Czech arbitration law, addressing topics such as interim measures and significant developments in the conduct of arbitral proceedings, including the unusual role of the country’s Code of Civil Procedure or arbitrators’ duty to instruct the parties, separability of arbitration agreement, competence-competence matters, disclosures and disqualification of arbitrators, or the enforcement of arbitral awards. The authors argue that despite Czechia not being formally a fully UNCITRAL Model Law compliant jurisdiction, the country nowadays offers a globally competitive environment for arbitration, driven by recent pro-arbitration case law and experienced professionals, making it a viable seat of arbitration on the international stage.Arbitraža u Češkoj ima istorijske korene koji sežu do Prve Čehoslovačke Republike. Međutim, autor analizira nedavnu evoluciju češkog arbitražnog zakona, i obrađuje teme kao što su privremene mere i značajni pomaci u vođenju arbitražnog postupka, uključujući neobičnu ulogu Zakona o parničnom postupku u zemlji ili dužnosti arbitara da uputi stranke, kao i razdvojivost sporazuma o arbitraži, pitanje ‘nadležnost-nadležnost’, otkrivanja identiteta i diskvalifikacije arbitara, te pitanje izvršenja arbitražnih odluka. Autori tvrde da, uprkos tome što nacionalno zakonodavstvo Češke nije formalno u potpunosti usaglašeno sa UNCITRAL model zakonom, zemlja danas nudi konkurentno okruženje za arbitražu, imajući u vidu skoriju pro-arbitražnu praksu i iskusne profesionalce, što je čini podobnim sedištem arbitraže na međunarodnoj sceni
MEĐUNARODNA ARBITRAŽA U GRČKOJ
Get PDFArbitration in Greece has both a long history, and an exciting present. This paper explores the landscape of arbitration in Greece and its key features. Recent key points include the reform of arbitration legislation, modernising the legal framework to make Greece a popular and trusted arbitration centre. Similarly, as an EU Member State, Greece has been involved in the ongoing post-Achmea investment arbitration turbulence in the EU, and it remains to be seen what the future will bring.Arbitraža u Grčkoj ima i dugu istoriju i uzbudljivu sadašnjost. Ovaj rad istražuje arbitražu u Grčkoj i njene ključne karakteristike. Fokus analize stavljen je na reformu arbitražnog zakonodavstva, te modernizaciju pravnog okvira kako bi Grčka postala popularan i pouzdan arbitražni centar. Takođe, kao država članica EU, Grčka je uključena u tekuće turbulencije investicione arbitraže nakon Achmea u EU, te, u tom smislu, ostaje da se vidi šta će budućnost doneti
ZAKON I PRAKSA TRGOVINSKE ARBITRAŽE I ARBITRAŽE NA OSNOVU SPORAZUMA U POLJSKOJ: NAJNOVIJI RAZVOJ DOGAĐAJA I AKTUELNI TRENDOVI
Get PDFThis paper analyses the recent developments and current trends in the landscape of Polish arbitration. It commences with a brief overview of the legal framework governing arbitration in Poland, followed by a review of the practice of the Polish state courts in post-arbitral cases. It then describes the most relevant Polish arbitral institutions. Next, it proceeds to examine the position of treaty-based arbitration in the Polish context. Each of these sections discusses the challenges and perspectives faced by arbitration in Poland.U ovom članku analiziraćemo nedavna dešavanja i aktuelne trendove u oblasti arbitraže u Poljskoj. Prvo ćemo dati kratak pregled pravnog okvira za arbitražu u Poljskoj, a zatim i pregled prakse poljskih državnih sudova u “post-arbitražnim” predmetima. Nakon toga ćemo posvetiti pažnju najrelevantnijim poljskim arbitražnim institucijama. Na kraju ćemo razmotriti položaj arbitraže na osnovu sporazuma. U svakom od delova biće reči i o izazovima i perspektivama sa kojima se suočava arbitraža u Poljskoj
ALGORITMI VEŠTAČKE INTELIGENCIJE ZA „OCENU RIZIKA“ U DOMENU SAVREMENOG PROGNOZIRAJUĆEG RADA POLICIJE
Get PDFThe work of “risk assessment” algorithms within the framework of predictive policing is based on a risk-based, future-oriented approach, risk generation, and a specific type of police intervention towards individuals. Modern algorithms use AI elements to enhance police efficiency and support more informed decision-making, but they also carry numerous inherent risks to the protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms. The significance of this topic stems from the rapid development of AI systems, the practices of applying AI algorithms in Europe and global, and the recent formulation of international and European legal frameworks for the use of AI systems, which also impact the field of predictive policing. The author starts from the fundamental hypothesis that the international and European legal framework does not introduce an apsolute ban on the use of AI systems in predictive policing but essentially establishes a limited prohibition and introduce basic safeguards for the application of AI systems, as a result of balancing the expansion of AI technology development, its benefits and risks. The aim of the research is to highlight the need for a certain degree of redefinition of the fundamental institutes and principles of criminal procedural law, guarantees of the right to liberty and security, and the requirements of the right to a fair trial, as well as to identify the principles and basic guidelines for the application of AI systems in predictive policing. Two important principles for the application of AI algorithms are: 1. the essential/significant/dominant role of humans in decision-making, which implies that a human carefully evaluates the algorithm’s report by assigning its limited value in decision-making or not assigning it any value at all (depending on the algorithm’s shortcomings or the absence of safeguards for the use of AI systems); 2. the transparency of the AI algorithm’s operation concerning an individual’s right to review the data, functioning, and outcome of the algorithm. The main research results are reflected in linking the functioning of predictive algorithms with criminal procedural law, the principle of adversarial proceedings/contradictory, the right to liberty and security, the right to fair procedure, and identifying fundamental safeguards and risks highlighted by comparative legal practice and international legal documents.Policijski „algoritmi za ocenu rizika” aktiviraju inherentne rizike po ostvarivanje osnovnih ljudskih prava. Značaj teme proizlazi iz ubrzanog razvoja sistema veštačke inteligencije i nedavnog formulisanja međunarodnopravnog okvira za njihovu upotrebu. Autorka polazi od hipoteze da međunarodnopravni i evropskopravni okvir suštinski uspostavljaju ograničenu zabranu primene AI sistema u prediktivnom radu policije. Cilj istraživanja je ukazivanje na potrebu redefinisanja u određenoj meri osnovnih instituta krivično procesnog prava. Dominantan metod istraživanja je uporednopravni. Osnovni rezultati ogledaju se u povezivanju rada AI algoritama sa krivično procesnim pravom, pravom na slobodu i bezbednost, pravom na pravično postupanje
PRISTUPANJE TREĆIH LICA U MEĐUNARODNOJ ARBITRAŽI
Get PDFMultiparty arbitration has been recognized as an important feature in international arbitration and has consequently become an indispensable part of arbitration rules. With its inherent features and peculiarity, the provisions regulating multiparty proceedings are frequently ameliorated as they are constantly in the center of discussion among drafters and working groups, together with legal commentators. Arbitration rules were silent on the matter of a joinder for a long period. Gradually, joinder provisions have been introduced and are now being improved and enhanced with almost every revision of the arbitration rules. This paper discusses the joinder as one of the main mechanisms for transforming proceedings into multiparty proceedings. The author provides a comparative analysis of the joinder provisions under different sets of arbitration rules, focusing on key elements — the consent of the parties and the equal treatment of the parties.Mogućnost formiranja višestranačke arbitraže predstavlja važnu karakteristiku međunarodne arbitraže, te su posledično odredbe koje regulišu ovu materiju postale neizostavni deo arbitražnih pravila. Sa svojim inherentnim karakteristikama i specifičnostima, odredbe koje regulišu višestranačke arbitražne postupke često se unapređuju, budući da se konstantno nalaze u centru pravnih diskusija. Arbitražna pravila dugo nisu poznavala mogućnost pristupanja arbitražnom postupku. Vremenom se pravila o pristupanju trećih lica uvode, a takođe se i unapređuju skoro prilikom svake revizije arbitražnih pravila. Ovaj rad se bavi pitanjem pristupanja trećih lica arbitražnom postupku, kao jednim od glavnih mehanizama za pretvaranje arbitražnog postupka u višestranački. Autor pruža uporednu analizu odredaba o pristupanju arbitražnom postupku, analizirajući različita arbitražna pravila i fokusirajući se na ključne elemente pristupanja – saglasnost stranaka i jednak tretman stranaka
ISTANBULSKA KONVENCIJA SAVETA EVROPE I SRBIJA – PRAVNI ASPEKTI PRIMENE KONVENCIJE U SRBIJI NA POLJU SUZBIJANJA RODNO ZASNOVANOG I SEKSUALNOG NASILJA PREMA ŽENAMA
Get PDFThe Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention, 2014) is the first legally binding instrument in Europe in this area and the most far-reaching international treaty to combat this serious violation of human rights. The Convention aims at zero tolerance towards violence against women and domestic violence and represents a major step forward in legal terms. By accepting the Istanbul Convention, the governments of the signatory countries undertake to reform their laws, to introduce concrete measures and to allocate resources for the effective prevention and fight against violence against women and domestic violence. The global importance of the Convention is contained in the comprehensive approach to the fight against violence against women and domestic violence and in the fact that it is open for access to countries that are not members of the Council of Europe. In order to monitor the effectiveness of the implementation of the Convention, the independent expert body GREVIO was established.
Serbia ratified the Istanbul Convention in 2013. The question arises to what extent the provisions of the Istanbul Convention have been applied in Serbia, especially when it comes to the prevention and fight against sexual and gender-based violence against women. GREVIO Report with recommendations for Serbia was published in January 2020. The standards and principles established in the Istanbul Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence have an emancipatory character and a positive transformative potential for the modernization of the relevant legal framework, public policy measures and administrative practice in Serbia. The concluding remarks are focused on accentuating the importance of implementing the necessary legal reform in Serbia, as a starting point and catalyst for removing negative gender stereotypes towards women.Konvencija Saveta Evrope o sprečavanju i borbi protiv nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici (Istanbulska konvencija, 2014) prvi je pravno obavezujući instrument u Evropi u ovoj oblasti i najdalekosežniji međunarodni instrument za borbu protiv ovog ozbiljnog kršenja ljudskih prava. Konvencija ima za cilj nultu toleranciju prema nasilju nad ženama i nasilju u porodici i predstavlja veliki korak napred u pravnom smislu. Prihvatanjem Istanbulske konvencije, vlade zemalja potpisnica se obavezuju da reformišu svoje zakone, da uvedu konkretne mere i da izdvoje sredstva za efikasnu prevenciju i borbu protiv nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici. Globalni značaj Konvencije sadržan je u sveobuhvatnom pristupu borbi protiv nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici i u činjenici da je otvorena za pristup i zemljama koje nisu članice Saveta Evrope. U cilju praćenja efikasnosti implementacije Konvencije, osnovano je nezavisno stručno telo GREVIO.
Srbija je ratifikovala Istanbulsku konvenciju 2013. godine. Postavlja se pitanje u kojoj meri su odredbe Istanbulske konvencije primenjene u Srbiji, posebno kada je reč o prevenciji i borbi protiv seksualnog i rodno zasnovanog nasilja nad ženama. Izveštaj GREVIO sa preporukama za Srbiju objavljen je januara 2020. Standardi i principi utvrđeni Istanbulskom konvencijom o sprečavanju i borbi protiv nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici imaju emancipatorski karakter i pozitivan transformativni potencijal za modernizaciju relevantnog pravnog okvira, mera javne politike i administrativne prakse u Srbiji. Zaključna razmatranja su usmerena na isticanje značaja sprovođenja neophodne zakonske reforme u Srbiji, kao polazne tačke i katalizatora za otklanjanje negativnih rodnih stereotipa prema ženama
INSTITUT INTERPELACIJE U PARLAMENTARNOM PRAVU FRANCUSKE
Get PDF The authors define and thoroughly analyze the characteristics, functions and significance of interpellation, which represents the traditional parliamentary prerogative in the area of political control of the executive authority, while it also represents a significant right of members of parliament, which is both individual and collective. Interpellation can put the political responsibility of the government into perspective with potential outcomes of resignation or vote of no confidence for the government or one of its members. As a matter of course, it leads to the beginning of a discussion in the face of the public, which represents a public and informative component of this instrument regardless of the outcome of the debate. By using the comparative, legal historical method and legal dogmatic method, the authors reflect on the development of this instrument over various periods in French constitutionality, and finally they present positive legal solutions.Autori izdvajaju i detaljno analiziraju karakteristike, funkcije i značaj interpelacije, koja predstavlja tradicionalnu parlamentarnu prerogativu u oblasti političke kontrole izvršne vlasti, ali i značajno pravo poslanika – individualno ili kolektivno. Interpelacija može da stavi u izgled političku odgovornost vlade sa efektima ostavke ili izglasavanje nepoverenja vladi ili jednom njenom članu. Ona nužno navodi na otvaranje rasprave pred licem javnosti, što bez obzira na ishod debate predstavlja javnu i informativnu komponentu ovog instituta. Autori, koristeći komparativni, istorijskopravni i dogmatskopravni metod, čine osvrt na razvitak ovog instituta kroz različite epohe francuske ustavnosti i, na kraju, predstavljaju pozitivnopravna rešenja
ZAKONSKI POJAM SILOVANJA U SVETLU ISTANBULSKE KONVENCIJE I NOVIJIH SUDSKIH ODLUKA
Get PDFThe authors analyze the concept of the criminal offense of rape in Serbian criminal legislation. The focus is put on the objective elements of the crime, especially the actus reus. Authors seek to examine the compliance of our legislation with the Istanbul Convention, but also to consider the standings and interpretations of domestic court practice. The legal description of this crime has changed significantly, starting with the amendments from 2002. Legislative changes reflected contemporary criminal law trends and are positively evaluated by domestic jurisprudence. Nevertheless, the interpretation of certain elements of the legal description of the criminal offense from Art. 178 of Criminal Code (CC) causes practical problems and misunderstanding. Theoretical analysis is of great importance for solving these dilemmas, especially considering their practical importance. The authors aim to provide a contribution by pointing out to the real meaning of the respective provisions of the Istanbul Convention. The authors argue that the current understanding of the scope of this legislative concept (the concept of the actus reus of the crime of rape) is not fully in accordance with the text and meaning of this important act of international law. Compliance with the Convention, however, does not require legislative changes, but an adapted interpretation of actus reus as an objective element of the legal description of this incrimination. The authors analyze court practice, and in particular one judgment of the Supreme Court from 2019, which, in their opinion, could represent an exemplary model for future court practice.Članak je posvećen razmatranju pojma radnje krivičnog dela silovanja u srpskom krivičnom zakonodavstvu, odnosno oceni usaglašenosti naše legislative sa Istanbulskom konvencijom. Zakonski opis silovanja se značajno menjao, počev od ZID KZ iz 2002. godine. Ipak, tumačenje pojedinih elemenata zakonskog opisa krivičnog dela iz čl. 178 KZ izaziva nedoumice. Autori nastoje da pruže doprinos ukazujući na stvarno značenje odgovarajućih odredaba Istanbulske konvencije. Autori posebno analiziraju presudu Vrhovnog kasacionog suda iz 2019. godine, koja bi, po njihovom mišljenju, mogla da predstavlja uzorni obrazac za buduću sudsku praksu
DOMAŠAJ KLAUZULE „BEZ REGRESA“ U KONTEKSTU FORFETIRANJA MENIČNOPRAVNOG POTRAŽIVANJA
Get PDFAs an export financing technique, forfaiting is most often reflected as a transfer of a bill of exchange or promissory note. One of the key features of forfaiting is the exclusion of liability of the transferor (seller of receivables) for the collection of receivables. In a situation where the object of the forfaiting is a claim contained in the bill or note, the exclusion of the transferor’s liability for the collection of receivables is ensured by entering a clause “without recourse”. The provisions regulating the bills of exchange and promissory notes differ in terms of the validity of the “without recourse” clause. The exclusion of recourse liability for bill of exchange (promissory note) in some legal systems is reserved for a wider range of recourse debtors, while in some legal systems the circle of obligors that can use this clause is narrower. The scope of the “without recourse” clause significantly affects the technique of creating a bill/note for the purpose of forfaiting. Therefore, the author in this paper analyzes the scope of the aforementioned clause in certain legal systems in the context of forfaiting the bill/note. The author’s idea is to notice what are the shortcomings of current solutions of comparative legal systems, and to examine how they are reflected in the forfaiting contract. The aim of the paper is also reflected in the author’s efforts to find a practical solution for eliminating the negative consequences of the limited scope of the “without recourse” clause in the current legal environment. Finally, the idea of the author consists in finding an adequate proposal for the pro futuro improvement of the current state of both domestic and comparative legislation, all with the aim of encouraging further growth and attractiveness of forfaiting.Kao tehnika finansiranja izvoza, forfeting se u poslovnoj praksi najčešće ogleda u prenosu (prodaji) menice. Jedna od ključnih odlika forfetinga predstavlja isključenje odgovornosti prenosioca (prodavca potraživanja, forfetiste) za naplativost potraživanja koje je predmet forfetinga. U situaciji kada je predmet forfetinga potraživanje sadržano u menici, isključenje odgovornosti prenosioca za naplativost potraživanja postiže se tako što se, prlikom prenosa (indosiranja) menice, u menično pismeno unese klauzula „bez regresa“, odnosno „bez obaveze“. Uporednopravno gledano, propisi koji regulišu menicu kao hartiju od vrednosti razlikuju se, između ostalog, i po pitanju domašaja klauzule „bez regresa“. Isključenje regresne odgovornosti za naplativost menice u nekim pravnim sistemima rezervisano je za širi krug regresnih dužnika, dok je u nekim pravnim sistemima krug subjekata koji se ovom klauzulom mogu služiti uži. Domašaj klauzule „bez regresa“ bitno utiče na tehniku kreiranja menice za potrebe forfetiranja. Stoga autorka u ovom radu analizira domašaj pomenute klauzule u pojedinim uporednopravnim sistemima, a sve u kontekstu forfetiranja menice. Ideja je da se, najpre, po sprovedenoj analizi, uoči postoje li i koji si nedostaci važećih rešenja uporednopravnih sistema, te da se ispita na koji način se oni odražavaju na forfeting posao. Cilj rada se takođe ogleda i u nastojanju autorke da iznađe praktično rešenje za otklanjanje negativnih posledica ograničenog domašaja klauzule „bez regresa“ na forfeting menice u aktuelnom pravnom okruženju. Najzad, ideja autorke sastoji se i u iznalaženju adektvanog predloga za pro futuro unapređenje trenutnog stanja kako domaćeg zakonodavstva, tako i uporednopravnih meničnih zakonodavstava, a sve u cilju podsticanja daljeg rasta atraktivnosti forfeting posla
PREGLED PRAKSE EVROPSKOG SUDA ZA LJUDSKA PRAVA OD ZNAČAJA ZA OBRADU PODATAKA O LIČNOSTI PUTEM VIDEO-NADZORA
Get PDFThe rapid development of new technologies, including artificial intelligence, which are used in order to process personal data, represents an increasing challenge for the legislator, when it comes to protecting the right to privacy guaranteed by Art. 8 par. 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights, but also Art. 42 of the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia which explicitly guarantees the right to personal data protection. In this regard, the standards establi
shed by the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in the interpretation of the scope and content of the right to privacy and other rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Convention are an integral part of the legal system of the Republic of Serbia. These standards are of particular importance, given that the processing of personal data through video surveillance is not expressly regulated in our law.
The paper presents the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, which addresses key issues pertinent to the processing of personal data through video surveillance, in the light of the standards that the Court applies to assess the legitimate limitation of the right to privacy, including the recent judgment in which the Court first expressed its opinion on the processing of personal data through video surveillance with the option of facial recognition.Ubrzani razvoj novih tehnologija, uključujući i veštačku inteligenciju, koje se koriste u cilju obrade podataka o ličnosti predstavlja sve veći izazov za zakonodavca kada je reč o zaštiti prava na privatnost zajemčenog čl. 8, st. 1 Evropske konvencije, ali i čl. 42 Ustava Republike Srbije kojim se explicite jemči pravo na zaštitu podataka o ličnosti. S tim u vezi, standardi uspostavljeni odlukama Evropskog suda za ljudska prava u tumačenju obima i sadržine prava na privatnost i drugih prava i sloboda zajemčenih Konvencijom sastavni su deo unutrašnjeg pravnog poretka Republike Srbije. Ovi su standardi od posebnog značaja, imajuću u vidu da obrada podataka o ličnosti putem video-nadzora u našem pravu nije izričito uređena.
U radu je predstavljena praksa Evropskog suda za ljudska prava koja obuhvata ključna pitanja od značaja za obradu podataka o ličnosti putem video-nadzora, u svetlu standarda koje Sud primenjuje za ocenu legitimnog ograničenja prava na privatnost i drugih relativnih prava, uključujući i nedavnu presudu u kojoj se Sud prvi put izjašnjavao o obradi podataka o ličnosti putem video-nadzora sa opcijom prepoznavanja lica