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    ZAKON O DIGITALNIM USLUGAMA EU: IZAZOVI I PERSPEKTIVE ZA BOSNU I HERCEGOVINU, SRBIJU I ZAPADNI BALKAN

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    The EU Digital Services Act aims to regulate online service provision and curb the misuse of personal data as well as the proliferation of harmful content such as hate speech and disinformation, thereby enhancing overall user safety. Given its complex and multilayered structure, the implementation of this regulation presents a challenge for the EU and its Member States. In addition to outlining the structure of the Act and situating it within the broader context of EU digital policy, the central question of this paper concerns the impact of the Digital Services Act on the legislation of the Western Balkans. Through an analysis of the current legal frameworks in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia, the paper identifies key provisions of the regulation from the perspective of potential risks and interests for Western Balkan economies, examines possible local approaches to the division of competences between EU institutions and Member States, and discusses other implementation-related issues.Zakon o digitalnim uslugama EU nastoji da uredi usluge koje se pružaju na internetu i suzbije zloupotrebu ličnih podataka i proliferaciju štetnih sadržaja poput govora mržnje i dezinformacija, odnosno da unapredi opštu bezbednost korisnika. S obzirom na njegovu složenu i slojevitu strukturu, implementacija ovog propisa predstavlja izazov za EU i države članice. Pored prikaza same strukture i pozicioniranja novog propisa u širem kontekstu politika EU u oblasti digitalnih tehnologija, centralno pitanje ovog rada jeste dejstvo Zakona o digitalnim uslugama na legislativu Zapadnog Balkana. Kroz analizu trenutnih prilika u pravnim okvirima u Bosni i Hercegovini i Srbiji, rad izdvaja ključne odredbe ove regulative iz perspektive potencijalnih rizika i interesa za ekonomije Zapadnog Balkana, ukazuje na moguća lokalna rešenja principa podele nadležnosti između institucija EU i država članica, te druga pitanja implementacije

    BALANSIRANJE IZMEĐU INOVACIJA I ZAŠTITE PODATAKA O LIČNOSTI NA PRIMERU CHATGPT-A

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    Personal data protection in the age of artificial intelligence is a very intriguing and new topic in domestic and EU law. The use of innovative chatbots such as ChatGPT is becoming increasingly common, which increases the risk of misuse and potential violations of personal data. In this paper, the author defines the concept of chatbots and conducts a review of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The second part analyzes how ChatGPT collects, stores, and processes personal data. The paper also focuses on the risks associated with innovations and possible violations that may occur when using ChatGPT. The author also points out balancing techniques that could prevent the risk of personal data breaches, with an analysis of the GDPR, and provides concrete suggestions for compliance.Zaštita podataka o ličnosti u doba veštačke inteligencije veoma je intrigantna tema u domaćem pravu i pravu Evropske unije. Četbotovi, poput ChatGPT-a, sve češće se primenjuju čime se povećava rizik od zloupotreba i potencijalnih povreda ličnih podataka. U ovom radu definiše se pojam četbotova i sprovodi pregled Opšte uredbe o zaštiti podataka o ličnosti (GDPR). U drugom delu autorka analizira kako ChatGPT prikuplja, skladišti i obrađuje lične podatke, a potom se fokusira na prateće rizike inovacija i povrede do kojih može doći upotrebom ChatGPT-a. Potom autorka ukazuje na tehnike balansiranja kojima bi se mogao izbeći rizik povrede ličnih podataka, uz analizu GDPR-a i davanje konkretnih predloga za povećanje nivoa usklađenosti u eri digitalnih inovacija

    KVAZIDELIKTI, FRANCUSKI GRAĐANSKI ZAKONIK I REINTERPRETACIJA RIMSKOG PRAVA

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    The dichotomy within the Roman law of civil wrongs started with Justininian’s Institutes of 533AD. Civil wrongs were split into two different classes: delicts and quasi-delicts. The French Civil Code of 1804. took over the Roman model and the division on delicts and quasi-delicts (which applied until the legislative reform of 2016). The discussion in France that formed the basis of the articles under the heading “Delicts and Quasi Delicts” proceeded on the basis of Roman law. However, French division was based on the reinterpreted Roman rules by the seventeenth and eighteenth-century French scholarship, particularly by Domat and Pothier. Understanding what delict is and what is quasi-delict differ in the definitions of these distinguished French legal writers resulting in the apparent confusion of the code’s drafters. Although some Roman rules, after the discussion, were rejected as inappropriate, such as noxal surrender of dependent persons and animals or the concept of threatened damage, the impact of Roman law was still dominant. To understand French rules as they are till present, is not possible without an appreciation of the Roman rules. In the words of Alan Wotson “One can say that Roman law was not received, but it nonetheless was the initial factor-the dominant factor-in determining the shape of the French rules in the Code Civil.”Francuski Građanski zakonik (CC) po ugledu na Justinijanove Institucije usvojio je terminologiju delikti i kvazidelikti, kao i dihotomnu podelu nedozvoljenih radnji. Tokom vekova rimsko pravo delikata i kvazidelikata je reinterpretirano, a posebno važnu ulogu u tome su imali Hugo Grocije, zatim francuski pravnici Žan Doma i Rober-Žozef Potje, koji su svojim definicijama i sistematizacijama presudno uticali na sadržaj i oblik normi koje su usvojene. Iako rimska pravila nisu neposredno usvojena, a neka su i odbačena, rimsko je pravo bilo inicijalni i dominantni faktor u oblikovanju pravila u francuskom CC-u, na šta posebno ukazuje Alan Votson. Tako je ostalo do danas, iako je 2016. godine reformom CC-a napuštena terminologija delikti i kvazidelikti kao i dihotomna podela nedozvoljenih radnji

    MOGUĆNOST UTICAJA PRIMENE OECD-OVE MULTILATERALNE KONVENCIJE NA RAZVOJ MEĐUNARODNOG PRAVA

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    In addition to presenting the circumstances that led to the adoption of the Multilateral Convention within the OECD and its importance in the matter of international tax law, the authors aim to present a special mechanism of application of this convention. At the time of the need for rapid adoption of uniform solutions, the OECD offered a completely new way of applying a multilateral international agreement, which would respond to contemporary challenges in the matter of international tax law. The authors, using the method of conceptual analysis, analyze the existence of the possibility of implementing this mechanism of application in international treaties that regulate other areas of public international law. The basic hypothesis of the work is that the mechanism of application of the Multilateral Convention would contribute to the development of general public international law in the conditions of globalization.Pored predstavljanja okolnosti koje su dovele do usvajanja Multilateralne konvencije u okviru OECD-a i njenog značaja u materiji međunarodnog poreskog prava, autori za cilj imaju predstavljanje osobenog mehanizma primene ove konvencije. U vreme potrebe za brzim usvajanjem uniformnih rešenja, Organizacija za ekonomsku saradnju i razvoj (OECD) ponudila je sasvim novi način primene multilateralnog međunarodnog ugovora, koji bi odgovorio na savremene izazove u materiji međunarodnog poreskog prava. Autori, metodom konceptualne analize, analiziraju postojanje mogućnosti da se ovakav mehanizam primene implementira u međunarodne ugovore koji regulišu druge oblasti međunarodnog javnog prava. Osnovna hipoteza u radu jeste da bi mehanizam primene Multilateralne konvencije doprineo razvoju opšteg međunarodnog javnog prava u uslovima globalizacije

    VALIDNOST ARBITRAŽNIH SPORAZUMA I PROBLEMI U NJIHOVOM SPROVOĐENJU: BUGARSKI ARBITRAŽNI TANGO

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    This paper deals with recent developments in Bulgarian arbitration world, focusing on the Supreme Court of Cassation’s Interpretative Ruling No, 1 of 21 February 2024, which has finally clarified two key issues: that the assignee is bound by the arbitration agreement concluded between the assignor and the debtor, and that no explicit power of attorney is required under Bulgarian law for concluding arbitration agreements. Despite this advancement, the paper highlights the ongoing uncertainty surrounding the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, specifically regarding the formal requirements for the documents to be supplied to the Bulgarian courts. The core issue the Bulgarian courts are debating is whether the requirement in the domestic legislation for providing the court with arbitral award with notarisation of the signatures and the capacity of the arbitrators, along with a certificate that the award has entered into force, are applicable in the process of recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards.Predmet ovog rada tiče se nedavnih dešavanja u bugarskom arbitražnom svetu, sa fokusom na interpretativnu presudu Vrhovnog kasacionog suda br. 1 od 21 februara 2024, kojom su konačno razjašnjena dva ključna pitanja: da je primalac obavezan sporazumom o arbitraži zaključenim između prenosioca i dužnika, i da prema bugarskom nije potrebno specijalno punomoćje zakonu za zaključivanje sporazuma o arbitraži. Uprkos ovom napretku, Rad naglašava postojeću neizvesnost oko priznavanja i izvršenja stranih arbitražnih odluka, posebno u vezi sa formalnim uslovima za dokumente koji se dostavljaju bugarskim sudovima. Osnovno pitanje koje bugarski sudovi raspravljaju je da li se uslov za priznanje i izvršenje stranih arbitražnih odluka ogleda u podnošenju sudu arbitražne odluke sa overom potpisa arbitara, te sa potvrdom da je odluka stupila na snagu

    POTENCIJAL DVA NEDAVNO USVOJENA EVROPSKA DOKUMENTA MEKOG PRAVA DA DOPRINESU UNAPREĐENJU STANDARDA KOJI SE ODNOSE NA SUDSKU UPRAVU

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    Judicial governance is a vital component of judicial independence, and yet its manifestations vary considerably across European countries. Judicial self-governance standards are articulated in a range of soft law instruments, and have prompted extensive academic debates. Starting from the premise that soft law is a relevant source of judicial independence and judicial governance standards, the author posits that two soft law instruments developed by the OSCE and the European Law Institute over the past two years enhance both the understanding and implementation of judicial independence standards by bringing added value. The hypothesis regarding the added value of the two instruments is examined through an analysis of the judicial governance and judicial self-governance concepts. Employing primarily comparative and dogmatic methods, the author demonstrates how these two instruments formulate judicial governance standards by systematising existing soft law norms and incorporating new academic developments.Sudska uprava predstavlja važan aspekt nezavisnog sudstva, ali su u praksi sudske uprave u evropskim državama veoma raznolike. Standardi koji se odnose na sudsku upravu oblikuju se u brojnim instrumentima mekog prava i daju povoda za plodne akademske rasprave. Polazeći od stanovišta da je meko pravo relevantan izvor standarda nezavisnog sudstva i sudske uprave, autorka ispituje hipotezu da dva instrumenta mekog prava razvijena od strane OEBS-a i Instituta za evropsko pravo u protekle dve godine mogu da doprinesu boljem razumevanju i primeni standarda sudske nezavisnosti. Hipoteza o dodatnoj vrednosti ova dva instrumenta se testira na način na koji su u njima određeni pojmovi sudske uprave i sudske samouprave. U radu autorka uglavnom koristi uporednopravni i dogmatski metod, utvrđujući da se u dva navedena dokumenta sistematizuje postojeće meko pravo i da se u standarde inkorporišu teorijskopravna dostignuća

    ANONIMNOST I DIGITALNE GRANICE PRAVA: IZAZOVI VISOKOTEHNOLOŠKOG KRIMINALITETA I NOVE ISTRAŽNE TEHNIKE

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    This paper examines the challenges that user anonymity on the internet, particularly on the TOR network and darknet, poses to contemporary criminal law theory and practice. The central focus is a case study of Operation Playpen, addressing the legal and ethical dilemmas arising from the FBI’s use of malware to identify users of a child pornography website. The analysis explores the deployment of sophisticated technical tools in light of the right to privacy, with particular emphasis on the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and relevant U.S. case law. The author concludes that effectively combating high-tech crime requires the precise legislative regulation of new special investigative measures, enabling the proportionate, lawful and judicially supervised use of advanced technological tools to de-anonymize users of digital communication networks and platforms.U radu se analiziraju izazovi koje anonimnost korisnika interneta, pre svega TOR mreže i darkneta, postavlja pred krivičnopravnu teoriju i praksu. Centralni deo rada odnosi se na studiju slučaja Playpen, odnosno na pravne i etičke dileme koje su se pojavile u kontekstu operacije Playpen, u okviru koje je FBI koristio malver za identifikaciju korisnika sajta dečje pornografije. Autorka razmatra upotrebu sofisticiranih tehničkih sredstava u kontekstu zaštite prava na privatnost, sa posebnim osvrtom na četvrti amandman Ustava SAD i praksu američkih sudova. U zaključnom delu rada, autorka iznosi stav da efikasna borba protiv visokotehnološkog kriminaliteta zahteva pažljivo normiranje novih posebnih dokaznih radnji, koje bi omogućile proporcionalnu, zakonitu i sudski kontrolisanu primenu sofisticiranih tehničkih sredstava za deanonimizaciju korisnika digitalnih komunikacionih mreža i alata

    UVOD U IZAZOVE I PERSPEKTIVE ARBITRAŽE U JUGOISTOČNOJ I CENTRALNOJ EVROPI

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    This issue of Foreign Legal Life is dedicated to the challenges and perspectives of arbitration in South East and Central Europe, with contributions on 16 jurisdictions. The articles aim to highlight the positive developments, challenges and trends in their individual jurisdictions, offering pointed discussions of the most pressing matters, but also allowing for a comparative overview of broader trends. As the contributions show, arbitration is a well-entrenched phenomenon in the respective jurisdictions, with enthusiastic legal communities and broad support from the state and courts. General and jurisdiction-specific challenges do remain, however, and more needs to be done to realize the full potential that arbitration can, if properly used, bring to local communities.Ovo izdanje Časopisa Strani pravni život posvećeno je izazovima i perspektivama arbitraže u jugoistočnoj i centralnoj Evropi. Članci imaju za cilj da istaknu pozitivne pomake, izazove i trendove arbitraže u svojim jurisdikcijama, nudeći istaknute diskusije o najhitnijim pitanjima, ali i omogućavajući komparativni pregled širih trendova. Kao što analize pokazuju, arbitraža je dobro ukorenjena pojava u obrađenim nacionalnim pravnim sistemima, i tako takva uživa široku podršku država i njihovih sudova. Ipak kako bi se ostvario puni potencijal arbitraže, potrebno je u budućnosti dalje ulagati dodatne napore u tom smeru

    ZAKON O ARBITRAŽI I ARBITRAŽNA PRAKSA U ALBANIJI: KARAKTERISTIKE, IZAZOVI I PERSPEKTIVE

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    Arbitration, as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism, has gained significant traction worldwide. This is primarily due to its consensual nature, the involvement of non-governmental adjudicators, as well as its efficiency, flexibility and confidentiality. In Albania, international arbitration remains a promising avenue for resolving commercial and investor-state disputes, especially considering the country’s efforts towards a consolidated market and deeper integration into the regional and global economy. However, the arbitration landscape, particularly the domestic one, is not without challenges as Albania pursues to attain an effective rule of law. This paper provides an overview of the rules of arbitration under the Albanian domestic law, as well as the applicable international law. It then explores the current state of arbitration practice in Albania, the various perceptions among the pertinent political, business and legal communities, the challenges this practice encounters, and perspectives for its progress.Arbitraža je, kao alternativni mehanizam rešavanja sporova, doživela značajnu ekspanziju širom sveta. Razlog za to je prvenstveno konsensualna priroda arbitraže, učešće “nevladinih” sudija, kao i efikasnost, fleksibilnost i poverljivost arbitraže kao takve. U Albaniji, međunarodna arbitraža je i dalje obećavajući put za rešavanje trgovinskih i sporova između države i investitora, posebno ako se imaju u vidu napori zemlje na konsolidovanju tržišta i postizanju dublje integracije u regionalnoj i globalnoj ekonomiji. Međutim, i u oblasti arbitražne, i to posebno domaće, postoje određeni izazovi, imajući u vidu nastojanja Albanije da osigura efikasnu vladavinu prava. U ovom radu dat je pregled pravnog okvira za arbitražu prema albanskom domaćem zakonu, kao i prema važećem međunarodnom pravu. Nakon toga biće analizirano trenutno stanje arbitražne prakse u Albaniji, različite percepcije te prakse i izazovi koji postoje u toj oblasti, kao i perspektive za unapređenje iste

    ARBITRAŽA U RUMUNIJI: IZGLEDA DOBRO, NADAMO SE DA ĆE BITI BOLJE

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    This paper provides a current overview of the arbitration legal framework in Romania, analysing the historic development of an arbitration friendly jurisdiction. The paper goes on to describe the implementation of the expected international arbitration pillars, and illustrate some novel and progressive legal provisions on arbitration relating, inter alia, to, applicable law, parallel proceedings and arbitrators’ liability. It provides a critical commentary on certain persistent ‘arbitration unfriendly’ terms in the Romanian national arbitration law and take on two very recent legislative developments involving investment arbitration and regulation of institutional arbitration. It also pinpoints the need for construction disputes to be settled by appropriate fora such as specialist construction courts or in arbitration, and the need for the current expert practice with respect to the evaluation of time extensions and additional payment (which are, at present, reflecting the common law approach) to be adapted to the civil liability principles enshrined in the Romanian Civil Code.Ovaj rad je deo zbirke radova o izazovima i perspektivama arbitraže u jugoistočnoj i centralnoj Evropi i usmeren je na pregled pravnog okvira za arbitražu u Rumuniji. U tom smislu, u radu se analizira istorijski razvoj arbitraže, opisana je implementacija očekivanih rešenja u kontekstu međunarodne arbitraže i ilustrovane su neke nove i progresivne zakonske odredbe, paralelni postupci i odgovornost arbitara. Autori daju kritički komentar određenih „neprijateljskih“ uslova za arbitražu još uvek postoje u rumunskom zakonu, sa osvrtom na investicionu arbitražu i način na koji je regulisana. Autori takođe ukazuju na potrebu da se građevinski sporovi rešavaju na odgovarajućim forumima, kao što su specijalizovani građevinski sudovi i arbitraže, kao i na potrebu za prilagođavanjem prakse u pogledu procene produženja rokova i pitanja dodatnog plaćanja (koji su, u ovom trenutku, odraz common law pristupa) sa principima građanske odgovornosti sadržanim u rumunskom Građanskom zakoniku

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