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Snitches Get Stitches: An Analysis of The Eighth Circuit’s But-For Causation Requirement in False Claims Act Litigation “Resulting From” Anti-Kickback Violations
Get PDFFollowing the expansion of Social Security in the 1960s, Congress enacted the Anti-Kickback Statute or AKS in 1972 to ensure that items and services charged to Medicaid were only those necessary to the beneficiary’s health. Part II of this Note will analyze three pieces of legislation and Congress’s reasons for passing them: the FCA, the AKS, and a 2010 amendment to the AKS passed under the Affordable Care Act that connects the two. Part III will analyze the Third and Eighth Circuits’ conflicting interpretations of the 2010 amendment and why the Eighth Circuit’s commitment to textualism has disregarded Congress’s reasons for passing 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7b(g)
CIGNN: Community-induced Graph Neural Networks
Get PDFMessage-passing graph neural networks (MPGNNs) are known to have limitations in their representational power. Recent work proposes subgraph graph neural network (subgraph GNN) models to address these limitations by upgrading the local node representations of MPGNNs to respective subgraph representations. However, existing subgraph GNN models have limited interpretability in capturing inherent local structural dynamics across diverse graph structures. In this work, we present a novel subgraph GNNs framework, termed Community-Induced Graph Neural Network (CiGNN). The key idea of CiGNN is to endow an intuitive interpretability basis for subgraph GNNs by capturing the dynamics of inherent structural community topology in subgraph representation realization relative to individual nodes. Based on this idea, we propose four variants of CiGNN in establishing graph representations from community-induced local subgraphs. Specifically, we approach subgraph formulation from a statistical physics perspective combined with network analysis. We leverage a theoretical basis from the Reichardt and Bornholdt\u27s Potts (RBP) model and Louvain-based community optimization methods to consider the combination of two null model initializations for the RBP models and two community optimization methods. Our modular framework supports multiple mainstream GNN base models, making CiGNN a general module easily adaptable to existing GNN or subgraph GNN models with intuitive interpretability. Experimental results on six benchmark graph classification datasets show that CiGNN achieves competitive performance against subgraph GNN baselines and recent state-of-the-art GNNs
Compositions And Methods Of Enhancing Immune Responses To Eimeria Or Limiting Eimeria Infection
No full textVaccine vectors and methods of using the vaccine vectors to enhance the immune response to an Apicomplexan parasite and reduce the morbidity or mortality associated with subsequent infection are provided herein. The vaccine vectors include a polynucleotide encoding a Rhomboid polypeptide and optionally include an immune-stimulatory polypeptide suitably expressed on the surface of the vaccine vector
Kidfluencers: New Child Stars in Need of Protection
Get PDFDespite the explosive growth of social media and various lobbying efforts, the legal system has fallen woefully behind in extending labor protections to children engaged in social media production. This Comment will offer a solution to the current gray area surrounding kidfluencers and the lack of protections they are afforded. First, this Comment will discuss the emergence and growth of the kidfluencer industry and explore the legal history of child labor laws in the United States, specifically evaluating protections historically provided to child actors. Second, this Comment will explain why posts by kidfluencers should be considered work, explore the harms facing kidfluencers, and advocate that protections—carefully balanced against parental rights—should be extended to kidfluencers. Finally, it will propose a reasonable recommendation on how to best minimize the potential exploitation kidfluencers face through the creation of federal legislation inspired by child actor protections
Artificial Intelligence in the Hotel Industry: The Benefits and Effects on Corporations
Get PDFThis research delves into the benefits and effects of artificial intelligence in the hotel industry. Through a qualitive design, the study shows how the hotel industry since Covid-19 has tried to grow in the technology. The findings were valuable insights from CEO’s, CFO’s, Executives, Directors, and Managers. Nine hotel and technology executives from around the country participated in interviews covering the basic topics of demographics, AI utilized in/on the hotel property, AI and employee experiences, and guest satisfaction with AI.
The challenges stated by the participants were that AI is still in its early stages and being developed. An additional challenge was trying to incorporate it into already existing hotel systems. Findings indicate that artificial intelligence is poised to play a significant role in the future of hotels. However, the present scenario suggests that its complete impact on both employees and guests is not imminent. Notably, participants expressed the belief that employees should adopt and embrace technology rather than harbor fear regarding potential job implications.
The research underscores the significance of maintaining a human presence among employees and avoiding any modifications to the guest satisfaction experience through automation. The results provide a valuable insight into the executives\u27 intentions and the future trajectory of their hotel, shedding light on the potential benefits that the introduction of artificial intelligence could bring, not only for the executives but also for the guests
Crossing Borders and Breaking Barriers: A Strategic Analysis of Chick-fil-A\u27s Expansion into the French Market
Get PDFThis thesis explores the strategic considerations and potential challenges of Chick-fil-A, a prominent American fast-food chain, establishing itself in France. The study investigates the cultural, economic, and regulatory factors that may impact Chick-fil-A\u27s entry strategy, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the opportunities and obstacles the company may encounter in France. This research will examine Chick-fil-A’s previous attempts at expansion, analyze an American company that has successfully established themselves in France, and provide market entry strategies to Chick-fil-A to establish its presence in the French market successfully
The Extreme Rise of the Fast Fashion Industry from Country to Country: Does Consumer Behavior Differ Cross Culturally Regarding Fast Fashion between The United States and European Countries?
Get PDFAbstract
The apparel industry has various categories of fashion. One of these categories known more readily today as fast fashion. Fast fashion has gained immense global popularity over the past decade. The concept of fast fashion apparel involves producing vast amounts of product as quick as possible to sell to the consumer at an aggressively low price. It is important to understand this current phenomenon of the global rise of fast fashion as well as understand the devastating effects our environment is facing because of it. As the vocalization of the harmful effects of fast fashion have become more prevalent on various media platforms, the fast fashion industry continues to skyrocket. This begs the research question as to what consumer behaviors are driving to fund this now economic powerhouse? After exploring previous research in Europe regarding fast fashion consumer behavior, the idea of exploring consumer behavior cross culturally regarding fast fashion consumerism developed. By utilizing this previous data obtained through past published research in Europe, an exact replication of this research was done surveying undergraduate students in the United States, specifically at the University of Arkansas. After research was completed by an electronic survey, vital information was gained allowing an analysis between both European fast fashion consumer behavior and American fast fashion consumer behavior. Additionally, this data was used to show results generationally between Millennials respondents (Europe) and Generation Z respondents (U.S). These results will help to gain a further understanding on a multi-cultural examination of fast fashion behavior and the similarities or differences within them. This research is meant to serve as a benchmark in understanding basic purchasing decisions among these consumers to encourage future research in exploring effective ways to change fast fashion funding
Thematic Mapping of Apidae Holdings Within the University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum
Get PDFMuseum biological collections store species data that can be utilized in research on biodiversity, environmental change, invasive species, public health, and disease. The University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum, which began in 1905, houses over 750,000 specimens and has not yet been digitized. Making data publicly accessible via the internet makes the data available to the entire scientific community. The goal of this project was to create a digital resource to allow greater access to the University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum holdings. To do so, data from Bombus (bumble bee) and Xylocopa (carpenter bee) specimens were databased in Excel and displayed as an interactive map on the University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum website (https://arthropod.uark.edu/databasing-efforts/). An additional document was created to provide guidance to future students to further the project. The hope is that digitization will improve access and awareness of the University of Arkansas Arthropod Museum and its data. It is anticipated that this project may provide support when applying for funding for further digitization and student projects
Investigation into the Effect of Mixture Composition on Setting Time of Magnesium Phosphate Cement
Get PDFMagnesium phosphate cement (MPC) is a cementitious material that is formed through an acid-base reaction between magnesia and phosphate. This reaction occurs rapidly, making MPC an appealing choice for rapid repair applications. The purpose of this project is to investigate the impact of different proportions of class F fly ash, set retarder consisting of a mixture of boric acid and dextrose, magnesium to phosphate ratio, and water/cement ratio on the initial setting time of MPC paste. Different mixtures of MPC paste were developed to vary the proportions of each constituent, and setting time of each mixture was determined using the Vicat apparatus. This data was collected and compiled to show the impact of each individual component on the initial setting time. Increasing magnesium to phosphate ratio accelerated setting. Increasing fly ash replacement rate, set retarder dosage, and water/cement ratio delayed the time of initial setting