Asian Journal of Advances in Medical Science
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IMPORTANCE OF NUTRIENTS IN COMBATING WITH COVID-19
Get PDFIn present scenario COVID-19 pandemic is the leading challenge across the globe. This new coronavirus disease is declared to be a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. At present, we are dependent upon lifesaving drugs/vaccines. In addition to the drugs, the essential advisories are to be followed to prevent the spread of COVID-19 like maintaining personal hygiene, physical distancing, respiratory hygiene, vaccination, healthy and balanced nutrition and strong immune system. Our immune system protects against diseases and maintains health. Good healthy nutrition increases the immunity and controls the diseases. We need to pay attention to the importance of nutrition in curing the covid 19. This can help us to understand the relation between disease and our dietary intake. A number of vitamins (A, B6, B12, folate, C, D and E) and trace elements (zinc, copper, selenium, iron) help in maintaining the human immune system and prevent the infections. Vitamin A controls dendritic cell and CD4+ T lymphocyte maturation. Vitamins B6, B12 and folate are useful for proper functioning of natural killer cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Vitamin C fights against infection and helps in phagocytosis and bacterial killing, natural killer cell activity, T lymphocyte function and antibody production. Vitamin D improves cellular immunity. Vitamin E helps in cell-mediated immune responses. Trace amount of zinc increases the proliferation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and provides antiviral defence. Trace elements like copper has antiviral properties. Iron is also important for maintaining the immunity. In additions to these nutrients gut micro bacterias are found to be protective against respiratory infection. In this article the role of specific nutrients in the immune system, with regard to antiviral defences have been summarised
THYROIDISM EFFECT ON ALOPECIA PATIENTS IN PAKISTAN
Get PDFTSH is a hormone that is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and stimulates the secretions of the thyroid gland. Its secretions are controlled by the TSH-R on the epithelial cells of the thyroid gland. It controls the production of the thyroxin hormone from the thyroid gland that is involved in the production of heat and energy. But the excessive amount of this hormone leads to the hair fall in some of the peoples. Hyperthyroidism correlates with the human skin and hair structure and its function. In the case of hyperthyroidism hair bulb cell proliferation increases and hence hair fall rate also increases. While in the case of hypothyroidism the bulb cell proliferation reduces and so, hair fall increases. Samples from different regions of the south Punjab were taken that were analyzed by the special chemistry analyzer (minividas). The concentrations of the T4, T3, and TSH were measured. Some of the alopecia patients were recorded high-level TSH. The patients were treated with thyroxin tablets that reduce TSH level. After that, the patients are also treated with hair fin tab, folli one shampoo, wistin tab, and multivitamins. Now the patients were observed with a microscope. The growth of hair follicles and hairs was recorded. Hence, the thyroxin tab uses to decrease the TSH level in the body for 1 month. Hair fin tab, folli one shampoo, wistin tab, and multivitamins are the best treatment methods for the growth of hairs in alopecia patients
EFFICACY OF UNRIPE Musa sapientum WHOLE FRUIT ON NEUROMUSCULAR STRENGTH AND OLFACTORY RESPONSE LINKED TO CEREBRO-CEREBELLAR IONIZED CALCIUM, MUSCLE CREATINE KINASE AND PLASMA ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE
Get PDFThe performance of daily activities is dependent on several factors, such as strength, balance, flexibility, endurance and perception of sensations of special senses. Unripe Musa sapientum is one of the most cultivated tropical fruit in the world, with scarce literature concerning its neurologic relevance. This study determined the tendency for Unripe Musa sapientum whole fruit hydromethanolic extract to influence neuromuscular strength, endurance and olfaction in normal condition. Peak absorbance was read at 200 to 1100 nm using ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry to determine some bioactive functional groups in unripe Musa sapientum whole fruit extract. The test groups ii-iv were orally subjected to graded doses of unripe Musa sapientum whole fruit; 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg respectively, all compared to control group i. There was a significant dose-dependent improvement in olfactory response, neuromuscular strength and endurance. Unripe Musa sapientum extract caused a dose-dependent significant decrease in plasma creatine kinase but increased acetylcholinesterase and ionized calcium in cerebral cortex and cerebellum. The effectiveness of the extract on the tested parameters was progressive and its efficacy may be dose-dependent
A STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF CEFPODOXIME IN BULK AND A PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS
Get PDFA simple, rapid, precise, sensitive and, reproducible reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of Cefpodoxime in a pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic separation of Cefpodoxime was achieved on Waters Alliance -2695, by using Luna Pheny Hexyl (250mm x 4.6mm, 5µm) column and the mobile phase containing 0.1% TEA adj pH-2.5 with OPA & ACN in the ratio of 75:25% v/v. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min, detection was carried out by absorption at 222nm using a photodiode array detector at ambient temperature. The number of theoretical plates and tailing factor for Cefpodoxime were NLT 2000 and should not be more than 2 respectively. The linearity of the method was excellent over the concentration range 7-105 µg/ml for Cefpodoxime respectively. The correlation coefficient was 0.999. % Relative standard deviation of peak areas of all measurements always less than 2.0. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method was found to be a simple, economical, suitable, precise, accurate & robust method for quantitative analysis of Cefpodoxime and study of its stability
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY ON FRESH AND DRIED Zingiber officinale Rosc
Get PDFThe present study to investigate the antimicrobial activity, from rhizome fresh and dried Zingiber officinale Rosc. In the present study to observe the antibacterial activity using the microorganisms such as E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, K. pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeroginosa were studied by using disc diffusion method. The maximum zone of inhibition were observed in K. pneumoniae (25 mm), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (24 mm), Pseudomonas aeroginosa and E. coli each showed 22 mm. The antifungal activity carried out by using the microorganisms Aspergillus flavus, A. terreus, Penicillum sp and Fusarium sp were studied by using agar well diffusion method. The maximum zone of inhibition were observed at the concentration of 100 µg of fresh sample against Fusarium sp (14 mm) followed by A. flavus (12 mm), A. terreus (10 mm) and Penicillum sp (10 mm).
 
In vitro CALLOGENESIS OF MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT AYURVEDIC HERB Enicostema littorale BLUME
Get PDFPurpose: The practice of in vitro culturing of medicinally important plants has gained much attention in enhancing the secondary metabolite production. In this perspective, the current study was carried out to promote a rapid and standard method for in vitro callogenesis of Enicostema littorale Blume using different explants.
Research Methods: In vitro callogenesis of Enicostema littorale was done on Murashige and Skoog’s media. Explants were cautiously sterilised and later put on MS medium added with variable combinations and combinations of growth regulators and were maintained in culture room at temperature of 25 ± 2ºC with photoperiods of 16 h. The cultures were observed at regular intervals for callus initiation and results were recorded regularly.
Findings: Maximum callus was yielded from nodal explants when Murashige and Skoog medium was added with various growth promoters (6-Benzylaminopurine and Kinetin -3.0 and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid -1.5 mg each followed by Kinetin-2.0 and Naphthyl Acetic Acid -0.5 mg) per liter amount of media. Similarly, it was also revealed from the present investigation that leaf explants proved better for callogenesis on MS media added with 6-Benzylaminopurine-3.0 and Naphthyl Acetic Acid -1.0 mg/l followed by Kinetin-1.5 and NAA-0.5 mg/l. However, shoot tip explants weakly responded for callogenic induction during the present study. The present study while using combinations of growth regulators at different concentrations and combinations, all the selected explants responded distinctly.
Value: The developed tissue culture protocol can be proved as rapid and reliable method for enhancing and extracting the secondary metabolite production, and as a landmark to meet the industrial need in the near future
ASSESSMENT OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AND RESPONSIBLE FACTORS FOR NEWBORN INFANTS IN TEPI GENERAL HOSPITAL, SOUTH WESTERN ETHIOPIA
Get PDFBackground: Birth weight plays an important role in infant mortality and morbidity, child development, and future health of the child. This study assessed and identified the determinants of weight of newborn children at birth in Tepi General Hospital, South Western Ethiopia.
Methods: The data for this study was extracted by reviewing delivery registration medical record and card of the study subject. A total of 1838 newborn infants were considered. Chi- square test and Binary logistic regression model were used for data analysis in this study.
Results: According to this study, from the sampled newborn infants 616 (33.52%) of infants weight is below 2500grams and 1222 (66.48%) of newborn infants weight is 2500 grams and above. The prevalence of low birth weight of newborn infants is 33.52%. The estimated odds ratio (OR) of place of residence or maternal residence (rural) is equals to exp(0.243)= 1.275 (95% CI: 1.020, 1594), indicates that rural children are 1.275 times more likely to be low birth weight child at birth as compared to urban children holding all other variables constant.
Conclusion: Children from rural mothers, mothers who did not get more antenatal care visits, mothers who did not get more vaccination during pregnancy, are gives low birth weight at birth or they are not normal at birth. Birth order of children at birth and mothers’ pregnancy problem are directly related in this study
DYSLIPIDEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES: ETIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
Get PDFDiabetic dyslipidemia is a cluster of lipoprotein abnormalities characterized by increase in triglyceride level, decrease in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and increase in small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. It is most common to have dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients and it affects 70% of the patients. Diabetis is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) which is one most common reasons of death in many countries. In this review we have discussed several pharmacological and non paharmacological treatment modalities including several trials which had positive effects on cardiovascular events in patients who has diabetes. ASCVD is is reduced in patients by lowering the LDL-C levels by 30 to 45 % usinf statin therapy. Other therapies like Ezetimibe, pcsk9, has shown posititve effects on loweing LDL-C levels and ASCVD event reduction
PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DIARRHEA MORBIDITY IN CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF FIVE YEARS IN TEPI TOWN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Get PDFIntroduction: Diarrhea is defined as having three or more loose or liquid stools per day. The risk of a child dying before becoming five years of age remains highest in the AFRICAN Region, which is approximately seven times higher than that in the EUROPEAN Region. In Ethiopia, the prevalence rate of diarrhea was 12 % according to 2016 EDHS estimates.
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors with diarrhea among children under 5 years of age in Tepi town.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 133 mothers/ care takers in Tepi town, Hibret Kebele. Binary logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratios.
Results: The two-week prevalence of diarrhea among children under five was 24.1%. The diarrhea prevalence of female were 75.2% (OR=0.248), 95% CI: 0.084-0.738, family had 1000-2000 income per month was 39.1% (OR=0.609), 95% CI 2.351-8.682, family which had greater than 2000 income was 45.9% ( OR=0.541); 95% CI: 1.025-2.134, completed primary educational levels 73.6% (OR=0.264), 95% CI: 0.075-0.932, protected source of drinking water were 67.8% (OR=0.322), 95% CI: 0.106-0.982, and no latrine were 18.8% (OR=3.188), 95% CI: 1.087-9.348 were significant predictors of diarrhea. In this study, the prevalence of diarrhea was high, which was significantly associated with sex, income of family, education level, source of drinking water, and availability of latrine. Therefore, efforts should be invested to generate a protected water sources, educate parents about the importance of using a protected and qualified water sources to reduce the exposure of children to diarrhea morbidity and mortality
SENSITIVITY OF COMMERCIAL ANTIBIOTICS TO PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Get PDFThe sensitivity of human pathogens to some antibiotics used to treat infections and infections caused by these species in humans was tested. The sensitivity of human pathogens to some antibiotics used to treat infections and infections caused by these species in humans was tested. In this study, some pathogenic bacterial isolates, some Gram-negative and Gram-positive, were used. And that from different pathological samples (urine, wound secretions and ear secretions). Obtained from the laboratory of Tishreen University Hospital at Tishreen University in Lattakia Governorate. The sensitivity of pathogenic bacterial isolates to a number of antibiotics was tested using the disk diffusion method. The sensitivity of bacteria was determined by measuring the diameter of the inhibition halos, and its resistance to antibiotics was determined based on the measurement of the diameter of the inhibition zone. The results showed that S. aureus Sensitive only to (SXT) Trimethoprime-Sulfamethoxazole, (VA) Vancomycin, (CN) Gentamycin, and Streptococcus S. faecalis showed sensitivity only to (VA) Vancomycin, (CRO) Ceftriaxone, (AK) Amikacin, (SXT) (rimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole, As for the common P. vulgaris, it was only sensitive to each of the antibiotics (VA) Vancomycin, (AK) Amikacin and (CX) Cloxacillin. And E. coli was allergic only to Trimethoprime-Sulfamethoxa (SXT), (CN)Gentamycin, (LEV) Levofloxacin (SXT) and Amikacin (AK) And if the blue pus bacillus, all strains of P. aeruginosa showed sensitivity only to each of the antibiotics, namely (AK) Amikacin, (CIP) Ciprofloxacin K. pneumoniae showed sensitivity to (VA) Vancomycin, (AK) Amikacin, (LEV) Levofloxacin, (CXm) Cefuroxime, (CRO) Ceftriaxone