Asian Journal of Advances in Medical Science
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THE SCENARIOS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN BANGLADESH: ANALYSIS OF DATA IN JULY ANDAUGUST’2020
Get PDFThe outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic quickly surges throughout the world including Bangladesh from the beginning of 2020. To challenge the present detrimental situations, many countries are approving several preventive measures, e.g., international travel bans, isolated office activities, country lockdown, and most importantly social distancing, even though some medications are prescribed in some extent. The government of Bangladesh also took various preventive measures to limit the thunder of corona virus disease 20019 (COVID-19) pandemic. But, the actions are not adequate to face the challenges of COVID-19 in Bangladesh, particularly in the capital city Dhaka, remarkably because of the lower-middle-income economy with one of the world’s densest populations. In Dhaka city, based on the present populations, social distancing is difficult, and with the nominal resources it would be extremely challenging to implement the mitigation measures of COVID-19. Mobile sanitization facilities, temporary quarantine sites and healthcare facilities could help to improve the pandemic effect. A rapid, caring, and empathic collaboration between the government, citizens, and health experts, along with international assistance, can enable the country to minimize the impact of the pandemic. In this review, we summarize the occurrence (RT-PCR based test) and present scenarios of COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh, particularly in the Dhaka city analyzing available data in July and August’2020
IDENTIFICATION OF ANTIULCER ACTIVITY BY INSILICO METHOD IN SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS
Get PDFUlcer occurs when stomach acid damages the lining of the digestive tract caused by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori. Many pharmacological activities such as antiulcer activity can act against ulcer. Medicinal plants like Mimosa pudica and Vachellia nilotica has the antiulcer activity in a wide range. To study the antiulcer activity in medicinal plants using insilco studies by comparing the phytocompounds of plants with histamine 2 receptor as a binding protein, which is present in the stomach lining of homosapiens. Histamine 2 receptor was modelled using Swiss model and the ligand structures are obtained from PUB-CHEM, viewed easily via PYMOL. All the phytocompounds showed good binding energy with modelled protein on the docking methodology. Specifically ascorbic acid exhibited the lower binding energy of value -3.24 kcal/mol, indole and catechin shows highest binding energy of value -4.99 kcal/mol and -4.98 kacl/mol respectively. The results can be useful for the design and development of phytocompounds having better inhibitory activity against several types of ulcer
MANDIBLE ANGLE FRACTURES - EFFECT OF TREATMENT ON OCCLUSAL STABILITY AND SOFT TISSUE
Get PDFBackground: Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) is still the leading cause of all mandibular fractures. The incidence of fractures involving the mandibular angle fractures are stated by most authors to be the second common fractures with a male to female ration of 2:1. Mandibular angle fractures may cause limited mouth opening, and disturbed occlusion, malocclusion resulting from this fracture is due to upward push of posterior segment resulting in premolar contact at ipsilateral molar region. Therefor aim of the treatment is to re-establish the occlusal stability for normal function.
Methods: The study followed a prospective design and was conducted at Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department, king Salman hospital, Riyadh Saudi Arabia. Demographic data (Age, gender) and complete medical history were obtained from all patients. All patients were requested to fill the consent form in their native language. A Qusai experimental randomised trial conducted between manual reduction group and arch bar elastic group and P value of <0.05 was considered significant. All analysis was done on SPSS version 18.0.
Results: Total 86-patients with age above 12, were included in the study in which 29 participants (33.7%) were female and 57-participants (66.2%) were male. On the basis of random selection, these were divided into two equal groups. Soft tissue injury higher in arch bar elastic group (62.7%) as compared to manual reduction group (3.7%). A statistically-significant association was found between arch bar group and manual reduction group (P < 0.0001). The patients treated with arch bar elastics showed a significantly higher gingivitis as compared to the healthy patients. In our study intraoral approach and upper boarder single titinium plate (2mm) with 2x7mm titinum screws two on eac side of facture, were common in both groups. The stability of occlusion and soft tissue injury were two post-operative findings to document.
Conclusion: Patient treated with manual reduction faced less post-operative complications like soft tissue injury and gingiva injury when compared with arch bar elastic group method. Based on this study manual reduction can prevent iatrogenic soft tissue injury and reestablish occlusion, which is the primary goal of treatment
PHYTOCHEMICALS SCREENING OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF PLANT ETHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT Costus pictus
Get PDFDrugs originating from plant sources are reflection to be a promising alternative for other synthetic anti-diabetics such as sulphonylureas, insulin treatment and biguanides. Plant products are believed to more preferable due to less toxicity, economic and better patient compliance. Hence, medicinal plants and products thereof are used in many countries in the treatment and management of diabetes. Vitamins are organic substances that are essential in minute amounts designed for the growth and activity of the body. They are obtained naturally on or after plant and animal foods. Organic in this definition refers in the direction of the chemistry with molecules. The word organic means that the molecules of substance contain the element carbon. The term also means that vitamins can be destroyed and become unable to perform their functions in our bodies. Every component plays an important role and deficiency of anyone constituent may lead to abnormal developments in the body. Plants are a rich source of all the elements essential for a human being. Qualitative analysis of various inorganic elements revealed the presence of calcium, magnesium, potassium, Iron, sulphates and phosphates. The present study of a good source of pharmacognostical and physicochemical parameters have pivotal roles in identification, authentication and establishment of quality parameters and vitamins of the species. Supplementation of this Costus pictus may be useful for human health associated emerging diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and cancer.
 
PHYTOCHEMICAL VIRUCIDAL POTENTIAL OF THERAPEUTIC PLANTS INDIGENOUS TO RAJASTHAN: A REVIEW
Get PDFInfectious diseases create major unavoidable, devastating and fatal conditions for all mankind. Since ancient times, Indian traditional medicinal system is utilizing the several thousands of plants for treating and to providing protection against various human ailments including various infections and epidemics. Fortunately India is enriched with multiple of plant species proven with their medicinal properties such as antiviral, antibacterial and antimicrobial properties. Researchers concluded phytochemical and pharmacological importance of these precious therapeutic properties of plants. Thorough research and experimentation on the antiviral properties of numerous plants scientifically confirmed the plants potential. The objective of this review is to summarize those plants exploring antiviral compounds activities and their therapeutic actions
POTENTIAL OF URAI MATHIRAI (PEDIATRIC SIDDHA FORMULATION) FOR THE PROPHYLAXIS AND MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19 IN CHILDREN
Get PDFThe World Health Organization (WHO) data proposes that 8.5% of reported COVID-19 cases belong to pediatric population who are aged less than 18 years. Supportive care alone is recommended in asymptomatic, mild, or moderate pediatric COVID-19 patients by the panel of pediatric infectious diseases physicians and pharmacists from 20 geographically diverse North American institutions. This review article focuses on the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of Urai mathirai in the management of pediatric COVID-19 patients. The literature was looked, in databases such as Medline/PubMed Central/PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of science, Directory of open access journals (DOAJ), and reference lists to distinguish published manuscripts relevant to the use of Urai mathirai to prevent or treat COVID-19 in children. The herbs found in Urai Mathirai and their bioactive phytoconstituents possess antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, bronchodilatory and other pharmacological effects relevant to the management of signs and manifestations of COVID-19. The viability of Urai Mathirai in the prophylaxis and management of pediatric COVID-19 patients could further be established by future clinical studies
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS OF MALARIA RELATED IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY: A CASE STUDY AT TEPI GENERAL HOSPITAL, SOUTH WESTERN ETHIOPIA
Get PDFMalaria is a major challenge to public health and socio-economic development worldwide and in sub –Saharan Africa in particular. It causes an estimated 300 to 500 million cases and 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths worldwide each year, of which 80% of the cases and 90% of the deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. The main objective of this study was to identify the risk factors of malaria related in-hospital mortality. The data were taken from hospital records at Tepi General Hospital, South Western Ethiopia. A sample of 535 patients were used for the study. The data were analyzed using the classical logistic regression. The results of the study showed that 78.5% of malaria patients were found to be discharged while the rest 21.5% died of malaria in the health center. The classical logistic regression analysis were identified significant predictors. The results from multivariable analysis revealed that age of patient, residence of patient, type of malaria species diagnosed, time from symptom onset to diagnoses, malaria complication, pregnancy and total length of stay in hospital were factors associated with health status of malaria patients. Governmental and non-governmental organizations should focus on continuous awareness creation of early diagnoses and treatment to the societies in rural part of South Western Ethiopia
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF Indigofera zollingeriana SEED OIL
Get PDFThe objective of this present study was to examine the physico-chemical properties of Indigofera zollingeriana seed oil. Physico-chemical parameters of oils are important in the determination of edibility and other industrial applications. All the laboratory analysis were carried out using standard procedures according to AOAC (2000). The acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponfication value, refractive index and free fatty acids of cold pressed Indigofera zollingeriana seed oil was found to be 17.11 mg NaOH/g, 23.04 meq/kg, 180.4 gI2/100g, 118.7 mg/KOH/g and 14.10 %. The refractive index (20oC) and specific gravity (25oC) was 2.01 and 1.02 respectively. The extracted oil was Indigo in colour at liquid state. It was concluded the oil has a high acid value, peroxide value and free fatty acid which favours the use of the oil for industrial use such as soap production and cosmetics
SURVIVAL ANALYSIS OF TIME TO BLINDNESS OF GLAUCOMA PATIENTS AT FELEGE HIWOT REFERRAL HOSPITAL, BAHIR DAR, ETHIOPIA
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors that affect the time to the blindness of glaucoma patients.
Design: This study was a retrospective, single-center cohort.
Participants: The medical charts of 328 randomly selected glaucoma patients under the follow-up from January 2014 to December 2018 were included.
Methods: A Cox proportional hazard model was employed to identify the risk factors of the blindness of glaucoma patients.
Main Outcome Measures: Coefficients of the Cox proportional hazard models.
Results: The Cox proportional hazard model showed that age (HR=1.018; P = 0.0344), had high blood pressure (HR=2.813; P < 0.0001), had diabetic disease (HR=1.595; P = 0.0442), the timolol with pilocarpine medication (HR=0.554; P = 0.0043), medium duration of treatment (HR = 0.0225; P < 0.0001), long duration of treatment (HR=0.0004; P < 0.0001), the cup- disk ratio greater than 0.7 (HR= 3.699; P < 0.0001) were a significant factor with glaucoma patients.
Conclusions: The age, blood pressure, diabetic disease, type of medication, duration of treatment, and cup-disk ratio were statistically significant factors on time to the blindness of glaucoma patients. Therefore, authorities and other concerned bodies give greater attention to reduce the chance of blindness of glaucoma patients by creating a focus for patients approximately irreversible blindness because of glaucoma disease
A REVIEW STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL ILL EFFECTS AND HEALTH HAZARDS OF AFLATOXINS
Get PDFAflatoxins are a group of secondary metabolites produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus and also by Aspergillus parasiticus, that are acutely toxic to warm blooded animals including human beings. Aflatoxin producing species of Aspergillus are quite common and widespread in nature. They can colonise and contaminate grains before harvest or during storage. Host crops are particularly susceptible to infection by Aspergillus following prolonged exposure to a high humidity environment. Other favourable conditions include high moisture content and high temperature. The aflatoxins can be found on a wide range of commodities including cereals, pulses, oilseeds, spices and dry fruits. In India, aflatoxins have been reported from a variety of edible substances such as cereals, oil seeds, spices, vegetables, dry fruits, pulses, areca nut, coconut and fast foods.
The aflatoxins became the focus of intense investigations when outbreaks of disease called "Turkey X' disease" occurred in Poultry during 1960 in U.K. Since the beginning of mycotoxin research the aflatoxin problem has been an economic burden for the food crops, livestock and poultry industry. The aflatoxins are acutely toxic being carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic to rat and other experimental animals, so there has always been a concern about contamination of food with aflatoxins and threat to both human and animal health. Primarily aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 and M1 are of interest. The aflatoxin M1 is hydroxylated metabolite of B1 that is the most frequently occurring aflatoxin. Further aflatoxin B1, is one of the most potent hepato- carcinogens known, hence levels of aflatoxins in the diet are an important consideration for human health. It is therefore, essential to device suitable cheap and safe control measures to minimize the deleterious effects of these mycotoxins. The aim of this review study was to explore the biological ill effects and health hazards due to these aflatoxins