Asian Journal of Advances in Medical Science
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AN EVALUATION OF THE POOLED LOLLI-METHOD RT-qPCR TESTING FOR COVID-19 SURVEILLANCE IN SINGAPORE
Get PDFBackground: Following the success of the Lolli-Method or Lolli-Test as a surveillance method in Germany, the Ministry of Health, Singapore investigated the feasibility of deploying the method as a rostered routine testing in vulnerable individuals such as children, nursing homes and frontline workers; and evaluated the sensitivity and ideal pooling ratio of the Lolli-Method.
Methods: The study was conducted in two phases – the first phase was to assess the operational feasibility of the Lolli-Method. It was held in conjunction with air sampling at a childcare centre with children ages 2 to 6 years old across 40 days. The second phase was to evaluate the sensitivity of the Lolli-Method with different pooling ratios and was conducted in collaboration with the National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID) where each pool was spiked with one Lolli swab from a COVID-positive patient. All patients enrolled in this study have their viral load cycle threshold (CT) levels assessed prior to admission via a mid-turbinate oropharyngeal (MTOP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) swab.
Results: The sensitivity of the pooled Lolli-Test was similar to antigen rapid tests with 100% sensitivity (3/3) in a pooling ratio of 20:1 for patients with viral loads of cycle threshold (CT) levels below 20. For individuals with lower viral loads, the sensitivity of the Lolli-Test was 66.7% (2/3) in a pooling ratio of 20:1 and 100% (2/2) in a smaller pooling ratio of 15:1. The operational feasibility of the Lolli-Test was assessed to be high amongst study participants although students were noted to require some additional assistance from teachers.
Conclusion: The Lolli-Test is an effective surveillance method with adequate sensitivity to detect a COVID-19 infected individual in a pool of up to 20 albeit largely dependent on the viral load. Furthermore, the Lolli-Test also provides a less invasive alternative sample collection method for individuals who cannot tolerate or have contraindications for the regular nasal or oropharyngeal swabs such as young children. More studies should be done to assess the Lolli-Test’s true limit of detection and to evaluate the use of the Lolli-Method in infants and for other respiratory diseases such as influenza
SCHISTOSOMIASIS DETECTION AMONG SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN IN COMMUNITIES LIVING ALONG THE NYAMA RIVER SYSTEM IN ENUGU STATE NIGERIA
Get PDFSchistosomiasis is a public health concern particularly in rural areas where poverty and poor social amenities prevail. The disease infects mostly children of school age and pregnant women, more often those living close to water bodies harbouring the snail intermediate host of the causative agent of schistosomiasis. The Nyama River system transverses many communities in Enugu State and the prevalence of schistosomiasis in these communities is unknown. This study therefore aimed to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis infection among school-aged children living along the Nyama River system. A cross- sectional study involving urine and stool microscopy was used to demonstrate eggs of parasites respectively. The result showed an overall prevalence of 21.7% for Schistosoma haematobuim and 17.6% for Schistosoma mansoni infections; more males were infected with Schistosoma haematobuim (27.9%) than females (15.1%). There was a statistically significant difference between infections among age groups (P < 0.05) with children between 9 – 11 years having more infection than the other age groups. There was also statistically significant difference in infection among schools with Akwuke Primary school having the highest rate of infection in comparison to the other schools. It is recommended that the government develop control strategies for afflicted school children. Also, large-scale testing and treatments should be carried out for the entire community, including all age groups, to determine the transmission cycle from adults to children
ETIOLOGY, INVESTIGATIONS, AND TREATMENT IN CASES OF CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS
Get PDFThe fibroelastic sac that covers the heart is known as the pericardium. It has an effect on cardiac hemodynamics and serves as a protective barrier. Constrictive pericarditis is a condition in which the pericardium grows granulation tissue, causing a loss of pericardial elasticity and ventricular filling limitation. Although it is usually a chronic condition, subacute, transient, and occult variants have been reported. The pathogenesis, symptoms, and diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis, as well as the role of the interprofessional team in its treatment, are covered in this exercise. This review article aims to describe the pathophysiology of constrictive pericarditis, review a patient's presentation with constrictive pericarditis, summarise constrictive pericarditis options for treatment, and discuss the importance of improving care coordination among interprofessional team members to enhance constrictive pericarditis patient outcomes. The 10-year survival rate for patients who get a pericardiectomy is around 50%. Medical treatment alone results in a short lifespan
SURROGACY, SOCIAL POLICY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Get PDFSurrogacy policy is a highly complex global policy that has important ramifications, yet it is unclear how a country’s socio-economic status can influence its surrogacy policy. This study quantitatively assessed the influence of economic development on surrogacy policy in 84 countries. Using an internet analytic search and comprehensive literature review, countries were identified for study. Each country’s surrogacy policy and economic development were characterized and an analysis of the relationship between economic development and surrogacy policy was conducted. The analysis demonstrated that economic development acts as a negative predictor for more liberal surrogacy policy, despite its positive impact on other social policies such as abortion and same-sex marriage. This disparity highlights the need for governments to more holistically examine their existing surrogacy policies and ensure greater internal alignment with their other social policies
SYNTHESIS AND IN-SILICO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY INVESTIGATION OF 2, 3-DIHYDROCHROMEN-4-ONE AND 3, 4-DIHYDROBENZO[B]OXEPIN-5(2H)-ONE BASED PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Get PDFThis study synthesized six pyrazole derivatives from the key intermediates 2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one and 3,4-dihydrobenzo[b]oxepin-5(2H)-one. We have characterized all pyrazole derivatives as well as conducted in silico anti-inflammatory studies. The DFT calculations were performed using Gaussian 09 software. The compound 9 has the lowest energy gap (∆E, 1.0698 eV), lowest hardness (0.5349 eV), highest softness (1.8695 eV), and highest electrophilicity (7.0809eV) among all pyrazole derivatives and standard Aspirin. Swiss ADME software was used to carry out the ADME analysis. The chloro-substituted pyrazole derivatives (5, 6, and 9) were non-toxic, however, the nitrogen-substituted pyrazole derivatives (10, 13 and 14) and Aspirin were toxic. The docking patterns of the pyrazole derivatives with COX-2 selective inhibitors proteins (5F19) have been studied. Compound 9 has the lower binding energy (-10.2Kcal/mol) as compared with that of other pyrazole derivatives and standard Aspirin drugs. As a result, the pyrazole derivatives compound 9 is a promising anti-inflammatory drug with selective COX-2 inhibition as compared to the Aspirin drugs physicochemical properties
PERCEPTION TOWARDS MALARIA IN PERI-URBAN COMMUNITIES IN ABUJA, NIGERIA
Get PDFMalaria is a major problem in most developing African countries in Nigeria. The study therefore examines the perception of residents of peri-urban communities towards Malaria.
The study employed a cross-sectional survey research that is guided by the Health Belief Model using quantitative methods of data collection. The study employed multi-staged sampling technique to select 414 households in Abaji and Kuje peri-urban communities in Abuja. However, 385 household residents of peri-urban communities participated in the study. The validated questionnaire has a Cronbach alpha of 0.83 and perception towards malaria had a Cronbach had 0.88. Research questions and hypothesis were formulated and were tested using the SPSS version 27 to compute descriptive and inferential statistics which were tested at a 5% level of confidence.
Majority of respondents 47.5% are above the age of 36years with the mean age of 47.1± 19.8. In terms of the Perception about malaria, majority of the respondents 35.7% had high perceived serious of the illness while most of the residents, 38.2% had low level of barrier with the mean score of 17.2±.0.2.61. From the test of hypothesis, perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers was significant predictor of perception of malaria occurrence among household residents of Peri-Urban communities with 71.6% contribution to perception towards malaria among household residents of Peri-Urban communities (p=0.000).
In conclusion, there was high perceived seriousness of malaria while there was low level of perceived barrier toward malaria. There is communication messages developed in local languages about the prevention of Malaria in Urban and Peri-Urban communities. 
EVALUATION OF PRESCRIPTION PATTERN OF ANTI DIABETIC DRUG AT VIMSAR (A TERTIARY CARE, HOSPITAL), BURLA
Get PDFIntroduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM), belongs to the elegance of metabolic sicknesses which the mainsymptom related to this disorder is the excessive sugar ranges in blood for a protracted period. It may be categorised to the world’s principal sicknesses thinking about that influences excessive populace in earth and affords principal sorts I and II. Diabetes headaches include viable blindness, amputation of decrease limb, renal failure, and cardiac arrest or stroke. This evaluate summarizes the pathophysiology for each kinds of DM, the type of antidiabetic medicinal drugs in addition to destiny perspectives. Until now injectable medicinal drugs are greater regularly used which will acquire the proper remedy. Patients choose oral antidiabetic medicinal drugs given that are less complicated to be administered and for that reason researchers consciousness their research at this direction. This paintings additionally aimed to provide and compare viable oral formulations towards DM kind II.
Methodology: Data from 50 no of Patient with Diabetes on the Outpatient of VIMSAR,Burla changed into gathered in step with element Semistructure questionary. The Data encompass Demographic facts and Prescription survey Regarding Drug Prescription Patteren and Drug Utilisation Patteren.
Results and Discussion: In the existing Study amongst Participants the male percent changed into a great deal greater. More male patient. Metformin changed into the maximum famous and regularly prescribed drug for Patient coming to inpatient department. Beside this Sulfonylurea organization is the every other drug prescribed to massive no of Patient.
Conclusion: To acquire most reliable glycemic control, The efficacy of Antidiabetic drug changed into simplest 40% Satisfactory. Hence intensification of modern-day drug remedy in addition to making plans more than one drug remedy with changed way of life justify closer to a hit oral anti diabetic therapy
PERCEPTION OF NURSING COLLEGE STUDENTS TOWARDS ONLINE TEACHING IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC, A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Get PDFBackground: In December 2019, a pathogenic human corona virus SARS- CoV-2, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was recognized and has caused serious illness and numerous deaths. The epidemics of COVID-19 have been recorded over 200 countries, territories, and areas with 2 878 196 confirmed cased and 198 668 death cases.
Aims: The current study is to assess the attitude of nursing college students regarding online classes.
Objective: 1. To determine the perceptions of students towards e-learning during the lock down. 2. To assess nursing students attitude towards the online lectures
Methodology:
Setting and Design: Descriptive cross sectional survey research design was used and not probability sampling methods was used to drawn samples through online Google form. The sample collected from nursing college students and study setting was Dinsha Patel College of nursing, Nadiad, Gujarat. There were total 20 attitude question with five point rating scale were used. Total sample were 136 nursing college students. Data has been collected online through Google form.
Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics applied where, data was analyzed by using SPSS software, and Frequency, percentage, tables etc were used to represent the statistical data.
Results: Out of 136, 64(47.05%) were belong age 17-18 years, 115(84.56%) were female, 68(50%) were GNM students, 51(37.50%) B.Sc. nursing Students, 83(61.02%) were third year, 75(55.24%) were live urban, 61(44.86%) were rural area, 56(41.17%) were travel 21-30km, 40(29.41%) more than 30km, 65(47.79%) have above 15000 monthly family income 132(97.05%) were used mobile for online lecture 79(58.08%) were have average network.
Attitude regarding Online Classes where 7 (5.14%) had Inadequate Attitude 86(63.25%) had Moderate Attitude, 43(31.61%) Had adequate Attitude.
Conclusions: Regarding the online lecture 63.25% nursing college students has moderate attitude and 31.61% had adequate attitude it means now days students are line online classes than physical mode due to various reasons such as, time consuming, reduce traveling, risk of accidents and corona, more time can spend with family etc
EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL PACKAGE ON LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING MISSION INDRADHANUSH AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN SELECTED URBAN SLUM AREA, BENGALURU, INDIA
Get PDFIntroduction: Immunization is one of the most important public health interventions to reduce child mortality associated with infectious diseases. Mission Indradhanush was launched in December 2014 and aimed to fully immunize more than 90% of newborns and pregnant mothers by 2020 through innovative and planned approached to reach all children.
Aim of the Study: To assess the effectiveness of educational package on Mission Indradhanush among mothers of under five children.
Methodology: Quasi -Experimental study, one group, pre-test and post-test design was used .The data collection period was 1 month. Simple Random sampling technique was used to select 60 mothers of under five children. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and checklist.
Results: The mean knowledge score in pre-test was 10.17 with SD of 4.49 and the mean attitude score was 30.58 with SD of 2.39. Where as in the post test the mean knowledge score was found 17.00 with SD of 3.36 and attitude score was 37.21 with SD of 2.50. Paired t-test shows that there was statistical significance at p<0.001 level. It showed, there was an establishing impact of educational package on knowledge and attitude regarding Mission Indradhanush among mothers of under five children and there was significant linear correlation (r=0.486) between knowledge and attitude regarding Mission Indradhanush among mothers of under five children at p<0.05 level.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the educational package was effective in improving the level of knowledge and attitude regarding Mission Indradhanush among mothers of under five children
ASSOCIATION OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS WITH IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA AMONG THE PREGNANT WOMEN OF THE POOR URBAN POPULATION OF AJMER CITY
Get PDFBackground: Till date Iron deficiency anaemia remains the main cause for anaemia among pregnant women. India stands ahead to all other nations in the world in the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant women. However, if left untreated, it can lead to many undue and unhappy adverse results on the mother and the foetus as well. This is an observational study to find relation between socio-demographic factors and anaemia among the poor pregnant women of the target group.
Materials and Methods: Questionnaire based survey of random pregnant women coming to Janana Hospital. Descriptive statistics was applied.
Results: The median age of women most affected were from the age of 20 to 30 years. Increasing number of gravidas also has an adverse effect on causing anaemia. Educational qualification contributes positively in building the health of the women. Non vegetarian diet had a benefit over the vegetarian diet in controlling anaemia. Women married at 20 or before were more susceptible to anaemia. The best BMI range is 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 .
Conclusion: Socio-demographic determinants have a role to play in deciding the commencement of anaemia among the pregnant women. The poor sections of the society are therefore more susceptible to develop anaemia during pregnancy