Asian Journal of Advances in Medical Science
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ANTIDIABETIC POTENTIAL OF Irvingia gabonensis ON DIABETES INDUCED MOTOR IMPAIRMENT ON ALBINO RATS CEREBELLUM
Get PDFHyperglycemia as a life threatening disease causes motor impairments which has been ignored by researchers and clinicians. The study investigated the antidiabetic potential of Irvingia gabonensis (IG) on diabetic induced motor disorder in albino rats. Thirty rats were assigned into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Diabetes was induced by a single intra-peritoneal injection of 60 mg/kg of Streptozotocin (STZ) and confirmed after 72 hours. Blood glucose was checked at interval of 5 days for sustained hyperglycemia. Groups C, D and E were treated with100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of IG while Group F received 500 mg/kg of metformin. Motor activities were tested using string method to ascertain the role of IG on motor impairment in diabetic rats. The supernatants of homogenates were used to assay for lipid profiles namely TChol, Trig, HDL and LDL. The result showed significant decrease in TChol, LDL, triglyceride and HDL across the treated groups compared to group B (P≤0.05). Grip strength significantly decreased in group B while the extract significantly increased the grip strength in Groups C, D and E (Table 2). Limb impairment was significantly reduced in group B compared to A and increased in groups C, D and E (P≤0.05). Microscopically, group B showed structural alterations in the cerebellum with structural improvement in treated groups C, D, and E compared to group B. In conclusion, Ig have the potential to improve grip strength and limb impairment which may be useful in addressing motor complications arising from diabetes
EVALUATION OF THE BURDEN OF PEDESTRIANS’ INJURIES IN QATAR FROM ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN TERMS OF HEALTH CARE RESOURCES AND COST
Get PDFBackground: Road traffic injures is a significant public health issue which increase the global concern after being the tenth leading causes of death worldwide. The major victims from this issue are road users which include drivers, passengers, cyclists and pedestrians. According to Qatar National Road Safety Strategy, every year around 220 people lose their lives and a further 550 victims are seriously injured due to road traffic accidents (National Road Safety Strategy, 2013-2022). However, pedestrians’ fatal injuries constitute about twelve percent of the total death rate.
Objective: To investigate the health care resources and costs burden of pedestrian injuries from Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) in Qatar during 2009 to 2011 and to estimate the injury severity score and mortality rates among these patients in order to provide evidence on the burden of managing pedestrians’ injuries in Qatar.
Methods: A retrospective cross sectional analysis of data collected from Hamad General Hospital trauma registry between January 2009 and December 2011. We used a cost model for various healthcare services used by the HMC Finance Department. Resource use and cost data are produced across various injury severity scores and years. Since this study is investigating and analyzing pedestrians’ injury resources and costs, the injury severity score is chosen as the main variable reflecting the total cost, length of stay (LOS) cost, intensive care unit (ICU) cost, ward unit cost, total procedure cost, total diagnostic cost, and blood unit cost. The frequency of sex, nationality 1 (Arab – Non-Arab – Qatari), nationality 2 (Nepal, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Philippines, and others), and year were analyzed. Data were analyzed using SPSS program.
Results: The discoveries of this report could be determined as the following; the majority of pedestrians’ injury was males and the highest rate of admission was in year 2011. It can be noticed that there are significant differences in diagnosis cost due to years with p-value <0.0001. The injury severity score had a strong relationship with the total cost, length of stay (LOS), total procedure cost, total diagnostic cost, and blood unit cost. Thus, there are significant differences between groups of total procedure cost, LOS cost, blood unit cost, and total cost due to ISS with p-value <0.0001. The injury severity score had a strong relationship with the total cost, length of stay (LOS), total procedure cost, total diagnostic cost, and blood unit cost.
Conclusion: This report offers evidence on healthcare resources and costs burden of pedestrians’ injuries over three years period in Qatar. It gives indication on how to better manage these patients in terms of healthcare resource allocations, and can be used in future planning by policy makers
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, INVESTIGATIONS, AND MANAGEMENT OF UNSTABLE ANGINA: A REVIEW
Get PDFUnstable angina pectoris is a phenomenon that disrupts the early recovery phase of acute myocardial infection, the emergence of new ischemic symptoms, the development of more severe pain, usually at rest, or the formation of intermittent ischemic events. ۔ Acute myocardial infarction is the most serious complication of unstable angina pectoris, which can affect up to 25% of patients within three months of the onset of symptoms. Physically, changes in ECG and hemodynamics usually occur before the onset of pain. The following hemodynamic changes and an increase in oxygen demand in the already ischemic heart respond positively, leading to further instability in unstable angina. Hemodynamic changes may be the result of abnormal stress response or excessive chemotherapeutic discharge. While coronary spasm may play a role in the pathogenesis of unstable angina, other factors such as bleeding in the wall of the atherosclerotic plaque, peripheral embolization, alteration, or platelet aggregation in the coronary artery from nearby soft cholesterol "abscess". Feedback should also be considered. Along with medications such as nitrates, calcium antagonists, and warnings, beta-adrenergic blockers are used to stimulate coronary and peripheral vasodilation and reduce cardiac effort. Treatment with aortic counter-pulsating balloons is recommended for those who have failed to respond to pharmacological treatment. Emergency surgery should be performed voluntarily. The full clinical and pathological compatibility of unstable angina pectoris is still unknown. Future issues will revolve around further investigations into entity procedures, treatment and prevention. The purpose of this review is to explain the pathophysiology of unstable angina, highlight changes in ECG in the assessment of unstable angina, and improve the outcome of patients with unstable angina. Consider the need to strengthen the coordination of care within the team
A QUICK OVERVIEW OF NANOMEDICINE APPLICATIONS IN BREAST CANCER DETECTION, IMAGING, AND THERAPY
Get PDFBreast cancer continues to be a global public health dilemma and is currently the most prevalent tumor in the world. Breast cancer awareness, public attention, and progress in the breast imaging have had a positive impact on breast cancer recognition and screening. Breast cancer is a fatal disease in females and the leading cause of death in females. Over the past two decades, studies related to breast cancer have guided amazing advances in our understanding of breast cancer, leading to more competent treatments. Among all the malignant diseases, breast cancer is one of the most common causes of mortality among postmenopausal women, accounting for 23% of all cancer fatalities. This is a global problem today, but it is still diagnosed in its advanced stages due to women's neglect concerning about the self-inspection and clinical examination of the breast. This review presents different types of breast cancer, symptoms, risk factors, epidemiology of breast cancer, stages of breast cancer, diagnostic investigations, and treatment. Chemotherapy, targeted therapies, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone replacement therapy, complementary therapies, gene therapy, and stem-cell therapy are some of the treatments for breast cancer. In this review, various applications of nano-carriers were discussed such as nanopolymers, Nanoshells, nanocrystals, quantum dots, and dendrimers were examined, as well as their potential in early cancer diagnosis and therapy
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF MALARIA IN TAMIL NADU STATE IN INDIA
Get PDFBackground: To the best knowledge of the author, there is no available literature on the status of Malaria in Tamil Nadu. Hence the preparation of this document.
Objectives: To assess the Annual Parasite Incidence (API) and number of Malaria cases in Tamil Nadu as recently as possible (from 2017-2021).
Methods: By studying the documents prepared by the National Centre for Vector Borne Diseases (NCVBD) and doing a web search on Malaria in Tamil Nadu.
Results: It is seen that the Annual Parasite Incidence (API) of Malaria in Tamil Nadu had come down to the very low level of 0.05 in 2018 and that there were only 772 cases of Malaria in Tamil Nadu during 2021.
Conclusions: Tamil Nadu is very close to achieving near-elimination goals but will have to take active measures to reach it
SOLITARY DIAPHYSEAL EXOSTOSIS OF THE ULNA: A CASE REPORT OF AN UNCOMMON PRESENTATION
Get PDFBackground: Reporting a case of osteochondroma in an uncommon location in a pediatric patient.
Presentation of Case: A female patient with a history of limited pronation in the right forearm due to a solitary lesion in anterolateral part of distal third of the ulna, features suggesting ostechondroma both in imaging and histopathology.
Discussion: Distal ulnar exostosis are described in the literature in relation with multiple hereditary exostoses disease and deformities in ulna or both forearm bones requiring a surgical intervention but a solitary isolated forearm exostosis is rare.
Conclusion: Osteochondromas in the forearm are rare but they should be considered in the differential diagnosis if features are suggesting it
KNOWLEDGE ON TRIAGE MANAGEMENT AMONG NURSES IN A TERTIARY LEVEL HOSPITAL OF KATHMANDU
Get PDFTriage refers to the sorting of injured or sick people according to their need for emergency medical attention. Triage management refers to the process of rapidly identifying victims who not only have life-threatening injuries but also have best chance of survival. An accurate triage decision helps patients receive the emergency service at the most appropriate time. A descriptive study was carried out among 124 nurses in a tertiary level hospital, Kathmandu Nepal. The objective of the study was to find out the knowledge on triage management among the nurses in a tertiary level hospital. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire by using non-probability purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16 by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Findings of the study revealed that more than one-fourth (28.2%) of respondents had good level of knowledge and more than one-third (37.1%) of respondents had inadequate level of knowledge on triage management. This study showed significant association between respondents’ level of knowledge, age group and employment status. It is concluded that nurses have insufficient knowledge related to triage management. Continue in-service training regarding triage management would be pivotal for updating knowledge and efficient management of patient in emergency situation
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, INVESTIGATIONS, AND TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE
Get PDFBicuspid aortic valve is a congenital anomaly of the heart in which the aortic valve has two loops instead of the normal three. It causes valve degeneration and is associated with dilation of the aorta. This exercise discusses the role of inter-professional team in improving the management of patients with bicuspid aortic valves and describes the diagnosis and management of this problem. The purpose of this review article is to describe the epidemiology of bicuspid aortic valve, describe the presentation of patients with bicuspid aortic valve, summarize the use of electrocardiogram and echocardiogram in bicuspid aortic valve evaluation, and explain the importance of collaboration and communication. Interprofessional team to improve care coordination for patients with bicuspid aortic valve
BIOPESTICIDES ARE THE NEED OF PRESENT TIME FOR SAFE ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTHY HUMANS
Get PDFIndia is one of the most populous countries in the world therefore food problems are of prime importance. Poor population of India amounts to more than 300 million people therefore to achieve food security; grain produced must be protected from depredating agents such as insects and other pests during harvesting as well as storage. The easy handling and relatively cheaper synthetic chemical pesticide controls measure are very common and most widely used in India. One of the major causes of cancer in agriculture workers is excessive use of chemical pesticides. These chemical pesticides cause negative effects on human health and quality of the environment. Ecofriendly alternatives to chemical pesticides are biopesticides because they generally affect only the target pest without any negative effect on human health and the environment. The aim of this review study was to explore the need of biopesticides in present time due to their useful aspects and also due to biological ill effects of synthetic chemical pesticide
THE EFFECT OF MENTORING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF NURSES IN DEVELOPING CAREER AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTIONS
Get PDFNurses, one of the most important members of health care services, are effective in determining the performance of health enterprises. To increase performance, businesses should give great importance to their employees and make an effort to improve them. Mentoring, which has an important place in the development of career and psychosocial functions, is important for both individual and organizational performance. This study was planned to investigate the effects of career and psychosocial functions on employee performance. 352 nurses working in various hospitals in Turkey participated in the research. The collected data were analyzed with statistical package programs used in social sciences. As a result of the analysis, a positive and significant relationship was observed between career function and psychosocial functions and employee performance. According to the regression result, all sub-dimensions of the career function and psychosocial functions do not affect the performance related to satisfaction. Developing new skills relationships, and psychosocial functions have a weak and positive effect on work-related performance