Asian Journal of Advances in Medical Science
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Investigating the Role of Acacia Nilotica Nanoparticles on Promoting Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cell Line (MDA-MB-231)
Get PDFMDA-MB-231 is a model of a human breast cancer cell line. It represents a suitable cell line for breast cancer research worldwide, including anti-cancer studies. Natural products are rich in phytochemicals that have anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to characterize the Acacia nilotica nanoparticles (AN-NPs) from the extract of Acacia nilotica (AN) using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta sizer, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). Cytotoxic activity was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The morphological changes of the cells were examined using an inverted microscope. The results showed that at serial concentrations (5, 10, 20, 50 and 70 µg/ml) of AN extract and AN-NPs, a cytotoxic effect and morphological degeneration and damage of the cells were observed. The effect varied depending on the exposure time and AN extract and/or AN-NP concentration on MDA-MB-231. The results showed cytotoxic effects, morphological degeneration, damage and more efficacy against breast cancer cells. We can conclude that AN extract and AN-NP are an effective choice for the development of pharmacological treatments against cancer
A Study of Malaria in the Union Territory (U.T.) of Jammu and Kashmir (J & K)
Get PDFAim: To find out the status of Malaria in the U.T. of J & K.
Methods: The study design included an analysis of the annual reports of the National Centre for Vector-Borne Diseases Control (NCVBDC) pertaining to the years 2017 and 2018.
Results: Rajouri District in the now newly reconstituted U. T. of J & K had the highest Annual Parasite Incidence (API) of Malaria in the U.T. of 0.12 during 2017 which decreased to 0.06 in 2018.
Conclusions: If interventions like the treatment of asymptomatic carriers take place, it is expected that the API in the entire U.T. will come down sooner there
INSECTICIDAL POTENCY OF LEAF EXTRACT OF Jatropha curcas L. ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF DENGUE FEVER VECTOR- Aedes aegypti
Get PDFControl of diseases transmitted by insect vectors has been through measures that target the adult stage of insects or any of the developmental stages. Often such control is with synthetic insecticides already faced with challenges of resistance by target insects and subsequent environmental pollution. There is therefore need to find alternatives probably plant derived insecticides that will be environmentally friendly. Therefore insecticidal activities of Jatropha curcas leaf extract against the developmental stages of Aedes aegypti was studied in vitro. Developmental stages of Aedes aegypti was incubated in increasing doses of Jatropha curcas leaf extract and mortality measured for 96 hours. The result showed significant difference between mortality among treated animal and control (P < 0.05). Mortality of both larva and pupa of Aedes aegypti treated with Jatropha curcas leaf extract was dose and time dependent. Mortality increased as the concentration of extract increased for all the tested instars and pupal stages. The duration of incubation also influenced mortality. At 72 and 96 hours of incubation all treated larva died in highest concentration of the extract except the 2nd instar that had mean mortality of 76% at the highest concentration of the leaf extract. Survived larva and pupa after 96 hours in lower concentration could not develop to adult stage. In conclusion Jatropha curcas leaf water extract has insecticidal effects on 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th instar larva and pupa of Aedes aegypti and can be deployed for the control of the insect
AUTOMATED ASSAY OF Caenorhabditis elegans WILD-TYPE AND CYSTATIN MUTANTS THRASHING BEHAVIOUR IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF PLANT DERIVED CYSTEINE PROTEINASES (CPs)
Get PDFThe intensive use and over dependence on synthetic anthelmintics for the treatment of nematode infection on only a few drugs with similar mode of action has put pressure on such drug candidates with resultant loss of potency due to development of resistance by target nematodes. Plant materials with promising quality and efficacy to substitute for current anthelmintics include the plant derived cysteine proteinases (CPs). Motility is an important indication of the effectivenes of a drug and is a characteristic of phenotype useful for high thoroughput screening of chemical and theraputic agents. This study determined the effect of cysteine proteinases on motility of C. elegans strains (wild type and cystatin null mutants) using the worm watcher device. Results show that motility of C. elegans was affected differently in PLS or papain. The effect of CP on motility of C. elegans strains was dependent on CP type, time of incubation and concentration of CP. Generally there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between mean motility of WT, cpi-1 and cpi-2 null mutant C. elegans in PLS when compared with PLS+E64 (control). There was a statistically significant (P ˂0.05) effect of papain dose on all the strains. Enzyme specificity on cuticle structural proteins might be responsible for difference in pattern of attack observed between papain and PLS. CP has potency for use as effective anthelminthic
THE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS ON ALZHEIMER`S DISEASE: A REVIEW
Get PDFIn the 21st century, the human population is suffering from a neurodegenerative disorder in which neuronal death occurs due to a long-term chronic condition causing substantial major health concerns. When neurons die, they are not regenerated, causing cognitive impairment, i.e., Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and dementia. This review concentrates only on Alzheimer’s disease aetiology and various plants having potent neuroprotective activity related to Alzheimer’s disease. The most common aetiology of Alzheimer’s disease is a deposition of APP protein, hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, a reduction in acetylcholine and oxidative stress, which are discussed briefly. Moreover, pertinent evidence is also discussed for medicinal plants with potent or promising neuroprotective activity related to Alzheimer’s disease
EFFICACY OF ANTI-BACTERIAL AND ANTI-FUNGAL ACTION ON THREE MEDICINAL PLANTS EXTRACT THE Rosa gallica, Psidium guajava AND Vitis vinifera AGAINST Streptococcus mutans AND Candida albicans -AN In-vitro STUDY
Get PDFIntroduction: World health organization has been an initiative for the widespread practice of herbal medicine been practiced in developing countries and created a scientific basis to treat infection.
Aim: The aim of the study was to test the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of three medical plant extract the Rosa gallica, Psidium guajava L and Vitis vinifera against the streptococcus Mutans and Candida albicans organisms.
Settings and Design: An in-vitro study was conducted collaborated with the department of microbiology and the Department of Public Health Dentistry in SRM Dental College and Hospital for a period of four months. The extract of medical plant of Rosa gallica, Psidium guajava L and Vitis vinifera was tested in different concentration to find out the effective anti-bacterial and anti-fungal action.
Methods and Materials: Extract obtained from the medicinal plant of Rosa gallica, psidium guajava L and Vitis vinifera was procured and powdered. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the obtained extracts was determined by using the tube dilution method and the bacterial strains of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans was cultured into the extract obtained at concentration of 1 mg/ml, 500 µg/ml, 250 µg/ml, and 100 µg/ml respectively.
Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics was done to analysis the bacterial count in different concentration.
Results: The extracts obtained from Rosa gallica and psidium guajava L had a better anti-bacterial property when compared to the other medicinal plants and the extracts obtained from Rosa gallica and psidium guajava L had a better anti-fungal property when compared to the other two medicinal plants.
Conclusions: These plants extracts showed anti-bacterial property in previous studies to add on to the review of literature in our study it proved that Rosa gallica and psidium guajava L had a better anti-fungal activity when compared to another two medicinal plant extract. The clinical significance of the medicinal plant extract can be effectively used as anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agent as it was compared with the gold standard values of kanamycin and Ketoconazole
A REVIEW ON MITRAL REGURGITATION: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, INVESTIGATIONS AND TREATMENT
Get PDFBackground: The retrograde movement of blood from the left ventricle (LV) into the left atrium (LA) through the mitral valve (MV) causes a systolic murmur heard best at the apex of the heart with radiation to the left axilla. MR is the most common valvular anomaly in the globe, affecting around 2% of the population and increasing in incidence with age. This activity examines the diagnosis and treatment of mitral regurgitation, emphasizing the importance of the healthcare team in assessing and treating patients with this illness.
Conclusion: The goal of this review article is to identify the etiology and epidemiology of mitral regurgitation medical conditions and emergencies, review the proper history, physical, and evaluation of mitral regurgitation, outline the treatment and management options for mitral regurgitation, and describe interprofessional team strategies for improving care coordination and communication to advance mitral regurgitation and improve outcomes
ASSESSMENT SERUM GLUCOSE AND PLASMA GLUCOSE UNDER IDENTICAL CONDITIONS
Get PDFAccording to the International Diabetes Federation, South and Central America region has the proportion of 41.9% people with diabetes who are undiagnosed. Several factors influence the stability of glucose values after collection as “in vitro” glycolysis. Aim of this study was to compare the fasting glucose levels either in plasma or in serum under identical conditions.
Methodology: Blood samples were collected in K2 EDTA and serum tubes with clot activator and both tubes were maintained in upright position for 30 min at room temperature to allow clot formation. Also, linear regression model was used for evaluate la relationship between glucose plasma and glucose serum and multiple linear regression was used and two model for obtain coefficients adjusted by hematology parameters covariates.
Results: Mean glucose in serum tube was -1.57 mg/dl than K2 EDTA tube and that was no statistically significant difference for glucose (p = 0.41) and neither clinically significant. But on the other hand, serum glucose increases by 1 mg/dl; while EDTA glucose increases by an average of 0.59 mg/dl (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Serum glucose is similar to plasma glucose when hematology parameters between the reference range
EVALUATION OF GLUTATHIONE, TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY, TOTAL PLASMA PEROXIDES, OXIDATIVE STRESS INDEX IN CATARACT PATIENTS IN CALABAR
Get PDFIntroduction: Cataract with prevalence of 15.4% is the leading cause of blindness among blinding eye diseases. The cause of cataracts is not fully understood and may be multifactorial, however oxidative damage to the lens proteins and lipids is suggested to be involved in the development of cataracts. This study aimed to determine the serum levels of glutathione (GSH), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Total Plasma Peroxides (TPP) and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) in cataract patients in Calabar.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventeen subjects which comprise 75 diagnosed cataract patients and 42 controls were recruited. The cataract patients were sub-divided based on WHO criteria as: No visual impairment (n = 25), visually impaired (n = 25) and blind (n = 25). GSH, TAC and TPP were determined using verified colorimetric methods while OSI was calculated. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure and sociodemographic information were obtained using standard methods. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), LSD post hoc and Pearson’s correlation at P < .05.
Results: The TPP and OSI were significantly higher while GSH and TAC were significantly lower (P < .05) in cataract patients compared to the control subjects. GSH and TAC were significantly lower (P < .05) in cataract patients with blindness and visually impaired compared to those without visual impairment. Oxidative stress index correlated negatively with TAC (r = -0.607, P < .05) and positively with diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.296, P = .01) in cataract patients.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that increased oxidative stress may be associated with the formation of cataracts and further depletion of GSH and TAC may cause the progression of cataracts to blindness
PREVALENCE OF Cryptosporidium INFECTIONS BETWEEN APPARENTLY HEALTHY AND IMMUNO-COMPROMISED INDIVIDUALS AT PARKLANE HOSPITAL ENUGU
Get PDFCryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Cryptosporidium, that affect both young animals and humans. A cross-sectional study was conducted among immune-compromised and apparently healthy subjects attending Parklane Hospital in Enugu, to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection and associated risk factors. Faecal and urine samples were microscopically examined to demonstrate Cryptosporidium. While demographic data and other risk factors were obtained by structured questionnaire interview. Only immune-compromised subjects had oocyst of Cryptosporidium with an overall prevalence of 2.82% and there was statistically significant difference (p=0.00213) in proportion of infection between immune-compromised and apparently healthy subjects. For type of samples, faecal material had 11(8.46%) positive cases while no Cryptosporidium was detected in all the urine samples. Male had the highest prevalence of 7.27%, while female had 5.00% Cryptosporidium infection. For age, the highest prevalence was in people within 15 – 25 years (9.09%) and lowest (6.25%) among 36 – 45 years old. People with educational level below primary school had highest prevalence (5.55%) though there was no association between proportion of infection and educational level of subjects (P=0.9618). Subjects who wash their hands before meal had lowest prevalence (0.68%) while those who never wash hand before meal had highest infection (16.6%), those who said that they consumed roadside food had (6,66%) infection. Subjects who used piped water had 6.25% infection, while those who buy water from other sources had 3.06% infection. Those who source water from stream/river had 3.13% infection. Sources of drinking water were associated to proportion of infection (p<0.05). In conclusion, cryptosporidiosis is one of the health problems of immune-compromised patients in Enugu town. These findings confirmed that risk factors such as educational level, age, and types of food and water source are epidemiological factors of Cryptosporidium infection in human