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Dictive Factors of Dental Anxiety in Adult Patients at a Tertiary Dental Hospital in Nigeria: Dictive Factors of Dental Anxiety in Adult Patients at a Tertiary Dental Hospital in Nigeria
No full textObjective: This study was designed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of dental anxiety among adult patients attending a tertiary dental hospital in Nigeria, while also identifying potential predictors of dental anxiety.
Method: A total of 177 adult dental patients completed a self -administered questionnaire comprising socio-demographic information and other information relating to medical conditions, pain, health insurance coverage, previous dental visits and self-perception of oral health. Dental anxiety was assessed with the Modified dental anxiety scale.
Result: The prevalence of dental anxiety was 10.73% (MDAS=19-25) with overall severity mean score of 13.36±3.41. Age and sex were associated with the level of dental anxiety (p-values of 0.027 and 0.007 respectively). Moreover, age, sex and level of education were associated with mean anxiety levels (p-values of 0.043, 0.009 and 0.015 respectively). Previous dental visits and self-perception of oral health were associated with dental anxiety (p-values of 0.034 and < 0.001 respectively). Sex, marital status, previous dental visits and self-oral health perception were predictors of high dental anxiety (p-values of 0.028, 0.019, 0.033 and 0.001 respectively).
Conclusion: Demographic factors, previous dental visits and self-perception of oral health are associated with dental anxiety. Predictors of high dental anxiety are sex, marital status, previous dental visits and self-oral health perception
AMELOBLASTOMA WITH INFRATEMPORAL EXTENSION: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE
No full textAmeloblastomas are benign tumors of odontogenic epithelium. They are locally aggressive with tendency to recur and sometimes with metastatic behavior. Recurrences often occur due to incomplete treatment and they can occur at difficult sites such as temporal and infratemporal fossa. Recurrences in the temporal area are very rare and are related to the type of primary treatment.
AIM: This literature review aims to answer the question on how common recurrent ameloblastoma entends to the infratemporal fossa and how this is related to the site of the primary lesion.
METHODS; Web search for case reports, case series of ameloblatoma with temporal, infratemporal extension, published in the English literature was carried out. Search results were further scrutinized for age, sex, location of lesion, histology, treatment modalities and recurrence following the adopted treatment modalities and treatment outcome.
RESULT; A total 15 full length articles were included in this study. Twelve were case reports and 3 were case series. Of 28 patients with ameloblastoma in the articles, only 22 were recorded to have presented with ameloblastoma with infratemporal or temporal fossa involvement. All the cases of ameloblastoma involving the infratemporal/temporal fossa were recurrent tumors and the average time from first surgical intervention to recurrence was 11.36 years. Most of the primary cases were seen in the mandible (73%) with body/ramus region being the commonest location. Only 5cases were reported to be primarily maxillary ameloblastoma.
CONCLUSION; This review has shown that temporal/infratemporal extension of ameloblastoma occurs commonly with recurrent lesions, although the overall reported incidence is relatively low. Aggressive primary tumor resection, especially for extensive mandibular lesions may be key to preventing this tumor extension
The Effect of Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Post-Operative Inflammatory Sequelae after Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textBackground: Surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars is commonly associated with post-operative inflammatory sequelae, causing distress to patients and affecting their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of using autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on post-operative pain, facial swelling, and trismus following mandibular third molar surgery.
Methods: In this single-blinded prospective randomized controlled trial, 90 participants aged 18-35 years were enrolled. Eligible patients underwent surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars under local anesthesia between October 2017 and June 2018 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Participants were randomly assigned to either the PRF group or the non-PRF group. PRF was placed in the extraction socket of the PRF group, while the non-PRF group received a blood clot. Post-operative pain, facial swelling, and trismus were measured as outcomes. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized estimating equations was employed, adjusting for confounding factors, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: The PRF group exhibited significantly lower pain scores (3.02 mm; p < 0.001), reduced facial swelling (0.55%; p = 0.01), and decreased trismus (4.52%; p = 0.05) compared to the non-PRF group.
Conclusion: Placement of PRF in the extraction socket following mandibular third molar surgery resulted in decreased post-operative pain, facial swelling, and trismus. These findings suggest that PRF may have a beneficial impact on the inflammatory outcomes of third molar surgeries.
 
PRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF DENTAL FLUOROSIS IN A RESOURCE LIMITED FACILITY.
No full textBackground: Dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance characterized by excess fluoride in hard tissues of the teeth. The appearance of teeth affected by dental fluorosis may negatively affect individual self-esteem and overall quality of life. Thus, the need for treatment, though there is still debate on the best treatment modalities. The objective of this study was to document the presentation and management of dental fluorosis in a resource limited facility in north central Nigeria.
Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study conducted among out-patients attending a secondary oral health care facility in Jos, north central Nigeria between June 2020 and June 2022. Sociodemographic characteristics were recorded. All patients were examined for presence of dental fluorosis. Dean’s Index was used to classify dental fluorosis. Patients with dental fluorosis who consented to the study were treated. Treatment modalities included oral prophylactic treatment, microabraision and resin infiltration. Data analysis was by the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 A p-value of < 0.5 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: During the study period, 1201 patients presented with different oral health challenges. Among these 200 (16.7%) were diagnosed of dental fluorosis. The mean of the patients with dental fluorosis was 14.15 ± 1.91 years. Nearly half 98(49.0%) of the patients who presented with dental fluorosis were children, 65(32.5%) were teenagers and 37(18.5%) were young adults (p=0.037). Among the patients, 123 (61.5%) were females. The moderate type of dental fluorosis 75(37.5%) was the commonest type of dental fluorosis seen. Out of the 200 patients with dental fluorosis, dental caries was present among 55(37.5%) patients. 185(92.5%) requested for treatment. 231 intervention procedures were undertaken on different classes of dental fluorosis.
Conclusion: Dental fluorosis is prevalent among the dental out-patients seen at the study center during the study period. More patients presented with moderate class of dental fluorosis. Presentation was more among children and teenagers below 20 years. More female presented and requested for intervention than the males. Resin infiltration was found to be cost effective at this facility.
 
Oral Leukoplakia: MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION OF ORAL LEUKOPLAKIA TO SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA IN AN HIV PATIENT: A CASE REPORT
No full textOral leukoplakia is a potentially malignant lesion and most oral squamous cell carcinomas occur on the background of oral leukoplakia. The risk of malignant transformation increases with immunosuppressive states. Regular monitoring of patient is very important for early detection of any mucosal and dysplastic changes. This will aid early intervention and improve patient’s survival
`PATTERN OF HISTOLOGIC VARIANTS OF AMELOBLASTOMA IN A SECONDARY HEALTH CARE FACILITY IN LAGOS STATE: A 5-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.
No full textBackground: Ameloblastoma is a benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasm which is common amongst the Yoruba ethinc group. The various histologic types have been elucidated.
Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalent histologic types of ameloblastoma in a Lagos secondary health care facility.
Methodology: A 5-year retrospective review of histopathologically diagnosed slides were retrieved. Data extracted include the age, gender, location, ethnicity and histologic variants were analysed by SPSS version 26. Percentages, ratio, mean, standard deviation and crude odd ratio were determined, and p-value ⩽ 0.05 is considered significant.
Result: A total of seventy-seven histopathologically diagnosed ameloblastoma slides were retrieved. Males were more affected than females in ratio 1.2:1 with the mean age 33.61±13.3. Ameloblastoma was commonest in the third decade of life and more in the mandible than maxilla. Yoruba ethnic group was most affected. The commonest histologic type was the unicystic type with intraluminal subtype accounting for the largest proportion. There was significant association between histologic types and gender (p= 0.037). Crude odd ratio revealed the odds in the unicystic type between male and female {p=0.041; CI=95%, OR=2.649(1.042-6.733)} and in the follicular between male and female {p=0.013; CI=95%, OR=3.855(1.321-11.288)}.
Conclusion: The unicystic histologic type of ameloblastoma was the commonest, occurring more in females and this was followed by the follicular histologic type which occurred more in males in this Lagos State secondary health care facility
DENTIST IN LEADERSHIP POSITION AS CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF A LEADING TERTIARY HEALTH INSTITUTION IN NIGERIA.
No full textThis article was written with the aim of sharing the experience of the author as a dentist who served as a Chief Medical Director of Lagos University Teaching Hospital for a total of 8 years from 1998 to 2006. The authors discussed circumstances that led to his emergence as Chief Medical Director, the challenges he faced on the job, the significant achievements he made and his final exit from the job. It is hoped that every dentist that reads this article will have confidence to aspire for the job.
The author concluded that on the basis of his experience, there should be increased participation of the private sector in funding and managing tertiary health institutions in Nigeria.
 
Thirty-Two Teeth, Thirty-Two Challenges: Memoirs of a Dentist Turned Policy Maker
No full textAccording to Eleanor Roosevelt, “memoirs are only useful as the lives you read about and analyse may suggest to you something that you may find useful in your own journey through life.” I am therefore glad to state that I see myself quite relevant to Nigeria’s quest for greatness, particularly in the health sector. This belief fueled my resolve to scale the hurdles every step of the way with the help of God. I thank the leadership of the Nigerian Dental Association (NDA) for the honour of sharing my story with my colleagues on this platform. There is a generational and professional hand-holding gesture that I presume the NDA would like to crystalize by requesting I pen down this memoir. It is indeed a reminiscence of my days of persuasion to preparation and to the stepwise progression towards making valuable contributions to policy making in the Nigerian health sector
Post-COVID Reflections from a General Dental Practice Perspective
No full textOVID-19 took the world by a storm, private dental practitioners inclusive.
This perspective paper briefly highlights the challenges faced by private dental practitioners in Nigeria while the pandemic lasted. The author highlighted the response and guidelines issued by the ministry of health and how private dental practice adjusted to the new realities.
It concluded with the recommendation that despite the end of COVID-19 as an emergency, infection control practices must still be upheld, post-COVID and at all times
Introduction of Laboratory Endodontics: Evaluating the Perception of the Undergraduate Clinical Dental Students at a Nigerian University
No full textBackground: Root canal treatment (RCT) forms a part of the requirements for graduation for dental students. The students are expected to perform the procedure during their clinical training. However, most students are presented to the clinic without formal laboratory practical training.
Aim: To introduce laboratory endodontic training and evaluate the perception of Nigerian undergraduate clinical dental students about the program.
Methodology: A two-day hands-on training on RCT was done for a set of final-year dental students in the operative technique laboratory of the Department of Restorative Dentistry of the Institution. The training included taking the participants through all the steps involved in RCT. The participants performed all the stages of RCT on extracted lower molar teeth mounted on a phantom head with paraffin wax. Each student performed the two methods of biomechanical preparation taught: manual and rotary instrumentation, and later evaluated the training in terms of confidence and preparation for clinical exposure.
Result: Twenty-one (53.9%) students within the age range of 23 to 30 years and a mean age of 25.4±1.7years completed the program. The majority, (81%) of the participants claimed the hands-on demonstration was very helpful in performing the procedure, and all submitted it will help their confidence during clinical exposure to RCT. The participants further suggested the incorporation of training into the regular school program.
Conclusion: The laboratory endodontic hands-on training was accepted by all the participants, and it was opined that it will boost their confidence in performing the procedure in the clinic