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Tooth Wear Lesions: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors Among Patients Attending the Dental Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in Ondo State, Nigeria
Get PDFObjective
To determine the prevalence of tooth wear lesions and assess associated risk factors among patients attending the dental clinic of a state tertiary teaching hospital in Nigeria.
Background
This cross-sectional study was conducted over a three-month period among randomly selected patients attending the outpatient dental clinic of the University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic information, lifestyle factors, oral habits, and oral hygiene practices potentially associated with tooth wear. Clinical examination for tooth wear was performed using the Smith and Knight Tooth Wear Index. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
Results
A total of 102 participants aged 16 years and above were included, comprising 55 males (53.9%) and 47 females (46.1%). The overall prevalence of tooth wear was 56.9%. Among the 9,792 examined surfaces, 61.3% showed signs of wear, while 36.9% of participants exhibited pathological wear. Erosion was the most prevalent type (28.5%), followed by attrition (15.8%) and abrasion (12.4%). Multiple lesion types were observed in 8.8% of participants. Males had more worn surfaces (56.6%) than females (43.4%), though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.928). Tooth wear was significantly associated with age (p < 0.01), with the highest prevalence in individuals aged 40–49 years (18.7%) and those aged 50 and above (20.8%). Pathological wear was also most common in these age groups. Nail biting showed a strong association with tooth wear (p < 0.01), while bruxism demonstrated borderline significance (p = 0.05). Dietary factors, including daily consumption of fruit juice (p = 0.015) and soft or energy drinks (p = 0.021), were significantly associated with tooth wear, highlighting dietary acids as key contributors.
Conclusion
Tooth wear is highly prevalent, particularly among adults over 40 years of age, with erosion being the most common type. Age, nail biting, and frequent fruit juice consumption were the most significant predictors. These findings emphasize the need for early risk assessment, patient education, and behavioural interventions to prevent the progression and long-term effects of tooth wear
Factors Affecting Satisfaction With the Process of Orthodontic Treatment in Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife
No full textObjectives: This study aims to determine the factors contributing to patient satisfaction with orthodontic treatment at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex. The specific objectives were to identify factors improving and negatively impacting patient satisfaction, and determine the level of patient satisfaction.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed, which involved patients attending the orthodontic clinic at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex. A self-administered questionnaire assessed patient demographics, satisfaction levels, and factors influencing satisfaction. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and mean scores.
Results: Of the 67 respondents, 91% reported satisfaction with their orthodontic treatment. The doctor-patient relationship received the highest mean satisfaction score, while psycho-social improvement received the lowest. Dissatisfied patients were predominantly females in the 21-30 age group. Factors such as dento-facial and dental function improvements significantly affected satisfaction levels.
Conclusion: The majority of orthodontic patients at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex reported satisfaction with their treatment. Improving patient communication, managing expectations, and addressing dento-facial and dental function improvements can enhance satisfaction levels. Strengthening the doctor-patient relationship and optimizing clinic experiences can improve patient satisfaction.
Correlation Between Skin Color and Tooth Shade in the Pediatric Population
No full textBackground: The dental literature has well documented the relationship between tooth color and skin tone, with studies focusing primarily on adults. To our knowledge, no study has been conducted in the pediatric/adolescent population. This study investigated the relationship between tooth and skin color in the pediatric/adolescent population.
Methods: This study was conducted on children and adolescents undergoing dental treatment at the Queen Fabiola Children\u27s Hospital in Brussels. The study included subjects with fully erupted right maxillary central incisors. A spectrophotometer was used to select the shade; after the measurement procedure was initiated, the tooth shade was recorded twice with \u27L,\u27 \u27a, and \u27b\u27 values before dental treatment. Skin color was measured according to the Fitzpatrick scale.
Results: Regarding gender, a significant inverse correlation was observed between a* parameter and gender. According to the Fitzpatrick scale, there was a significant inverse correlation (P<0.0001) between a* and b* parameters and skin color. There was a linear correlation (P<0.01) between the L* parameter and skin color. There was no significant difference between boys and girls.
Conclusion: In the existing literature, more studies are needed to demonstrate a direct correlation between skin color and tooth color in children and adolescents. Our research delves into this unexplored area and reveals intriguing findings suggesting a possible association. Especially in certain genetic cases, our study underscores the importance of considering this correlation. The data collected and analyzed in our research sheds light on the relationship between skin color and tooth color and advocates exploring this alternative perspective. This groundbreaking finding opens avenues for further investigation into the complex relationship between genetics, skin pigmentation, and dental characteristics, providing valuable insights for practitioners and researchers alike.
Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Yoruba Chewing Sticks and Branded Toothpastes on Bacteria Isolated from Carious Teeth
No full textObjectives: Dental decay and associated toothache infection causes pains and discomfort; and are characterized by many symptoms. It may be due to bacterial infection or many other causes.
This study determined the antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts of three selected Yoruba chewing sticks; Sorindeia warneckei, Garcinia kola, Veronia amygdalina and aqueous extracts of three branded toothpastes; NCT, MCL, and OLV on isolates of bacteria from cases of toothache infection
Materials and Methods: A total number of thirty (30), comprising three different species, biochemically characterized isolates from tooth ache infection; Streptococcus oralis (10), Lactobacillus spp(10) and Streptococcus mutans(10) were collected on slant from a dental clinic in Ibadan and confirmed on Sheep blood agar medium fortified with serum, and deMan Rogosa Sharpe (MRS agar). The isolates were Gram stained, with other biochemical identification tests. The isolates were challenged with methanol extract of selected chewing sticks and aqueous extract of branded toothpastes using standard broth dilution method to determine its MIC’s and MBC’s. The chewing sticks extract were screened for secondary metabolites using standard methods.
Results: The percentage crude extract yield from initial weight of 200g of Sorindeia warneckei was found to be 9. 25%, while Garcinia kola and Veronia amygdalina exhibited 6.8% and 5.7% Alkaloids, anthraquinones, tannins, flavonoids and saponins were present in 3 selected chewing sticks . Statistical analysis by Anova test of MIC and MBC methanol extracts for different concentrations of 3 chewing sticks and branded toothpastes evaluated showed significant inhibition of growth for 3.125, 12.56, 25 µg/mL as indicated in S.oralis1, Lactobacilli spp15 and S.mutans 30 for Sorindeia warneckei, 6.25, 3.125,6.25 µg/mL for Garcinia kola and 25, 12.5,25 µg/mL for Veronia amygdalina and when compared to 12.56 and 100 µg/mL MIC aqueous extract of 3 branded tooth pastes. The aqueous extract of toothpastes determined showed lesser antimicrobial activity than the methanol extract of the three chewing sticks from the MIC’s and MBC’s point of view.
Conclusion: The methanol extract of selected chewing sticks explored showed competitive antimicrobial activity in comparison with branded toothpaste. The antimicrobial constituents in the methanol extracts of the selected chewing sticks hold the potential for clinical application and can be incorporated into conventional household tooth pastes
Parental Age and Severity of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: Relationship with De Novo Mutations
No full textBackground: This study investigates the relationship between paternal and maternal age, and the severity of orofacial clefts and the presence of de novo mutations in children.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of individuals who were diagnosed with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and their unaffected parents, from 2012 to 2019. We obtained data from the AfriCRAN project database for Nigerians with non-syndromic orofacial clefts. These individuals were recruited at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos.
Results: There was no statistically significant association between type of CL ± P and parental age in young fathers (p = 0.93). When older fathers were considered, the percentage of complete (more severe) CL ± P cases increased, especially when they were married to older mothers, and this was statistically significant (p = 0.036). In older fathers, the risk of CL ± P in their offspring was increased (OR: 2.66, CI: 1.04-6.80), and there was also an increased risk of developing right-sided CL ± P (OR: 1.61, CI: 1.0-2.59). There was a reduced risk of isolated clefts of the soft palate in younger fathers (OR: 0.36, CI: 0.07–1.71), but the risk increased when considering complete types (more severe) of isolated clefts of the hard and soft palates (OR: 1.63, CI: 0.7–1.7). There was an increase in de novo mutation in children as the difference between paternal and maternal age increased.
Conclusion: The study showed that a higher risk of CL ± P and de novo mutations in children is associated with increased parental age
Perception of Nigerian Dental Students on the Effectiveness of Teaching Platforms Used for Orthodontics Lectures During the Covid-19 Pandemic
No full textObjective: This research was to assess how Nigerian dental students perceived the effectiveness of the teaching platforms adopted by Orthodontic lecturers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A descriptive survey which involved 10 accredited Nigerian dental schools with clinical students during COVID-19 pandemic across the geo-political zones of Nigeria was carried out. One hundred and forty-five clinical students who had been taught Orthodontics before COVID-19 pandemic were surveyed using a three-Section Google forms semi-structured questionnaire, administered through WhatsApp and emails. Section A comprised socio-demographic variables, B centred on information on teaching platforms adopted for Orthodontics before and during COVID-19 pandemic), and C was about the perceived effectiveness of adopted teaching platform during COVID-19 pandemic. Data obtained were quantitative, analyzed using SPSS version 26. Hypothesis was tested using independent samples t-test at 0.05 significant level.
Results: The participants included 83(57.2%) males and 62 (42.8%) females, with mean age of 25.738 +/- 2.94 years. One hundred and forty two (97.2%) affirmed to having more face-to-face teaching before COVID-19 pandemic. The most T popular online teaching platform adopted during COVID-19 pandemic was WhatsApp, 58 (40%). More than half of the participants, 99 (68.3%), had a positive perception towards the adopted teaching platforms. Most of them, 120 (82.7%), perceived the adopted platforms were effective in providing quality Orthodontic lectures, clinical skills and soft skills. More males 83 (57.2%) than females 62 (42.8%), perceived the platforms to be more effective with no statistical difference, while most, 120 (82.7%), accepted the adopted teaching platforms for orthodontics during COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion: Orthodontic learning occurred largely on-line during COVID-19 pandemic and the perception of the students was positive towards the effectiveness of the adopted teaching platform as most participants accepted the platforms.
Oral health and chronic kidney disease: Findings from a descriptive survey in Lagos, Nigeria.
No full textBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, characterized by a progressive and irreversible decline in renal functions, and affecting up to 22.3% of Nigerians. Oral diseases are increasingly recognized to have a bidirectional relationship with CKD, contributing to systemic inflammation, infections, protein-energy wasting, and atherosclerotic complications. Given this interconnectedness, we aimed to explore the relationship between CKD and oral conditions among LASUTH patients to better understand and address these co-occurring health issues.
Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted in the nephrology unit of LASUTH. Patients aged >20 years with a diagnosis of CKD were enlisted and a validated questionnaire with the modified WHO oral health status proforma was utilized to record clinical data: Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (EGFR), End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), Creatinine and Urinalysis from medical records and oral examination findings, Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S), Gingival Index (GI), Community Periodontal Index of Treatment needs (CPITN), oral malodour, and Oral lesions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted with adjustments for covariates like age, alcohol use, and BMI to determine the association between oral diseases and CKD. The significance level (p) was set at 0.05, with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%.
Results: A total of 200 patients at different stages of CKD were included. The age range was 22–83 years. The majority were aged 31-60 years (mean age 55.22 ± 14.35 years); 69% were males; 7% were current smokers while 12% currently drank alcohol; 27% had eGFR< 15 mL/min/1.73m2 (ESRD); 27% had Creatinine values >1.3mg/dl; prevalence of Gingivitis was 72%; periodontitis was 14% (CPI score ≥3: Pocket depth of ≥4 mm); and poor OHI was 22%. The commonest oral lesions were white lesions 2%, candidiasis 4.5%, hyperpigmentation 22%, oral ulcers 5%, hemorrhagic lesions 12.5%, and Oral malodor 74.5%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed significantly increased odds of ESRD among uneducated respondents (OR 1.194; CI: 0.832-1.713); those >60years (OR: 1.129; CI:0.436-2.923); current alcohol drinkers (OR:1.125; CI: 0.281-4.409); and smokers (OR:2.328; CI: 0.27-20.289). The odds of low stimulated saliva flow rate (OR: 1.181; CI:0.768-4.512), oral malodor (OR:1.093; CI: 0.763-1.565), and periodontal disease (OR: 1.242; CI: 0.698-2.209) were also significantly higher among those with ESRD.
Conclusion: Individuals with CKD and ESRD may have a higher prevalence of oral diseases and conditions. There were significantly increased odds of ESRD among uneducated respondents, those over 60, current alcohol consumers, and smokers. Additionally, the odds of low stimulated saliva flow rate, oral malodor, and periodontal disease was also significantly higher among those with ESRD. This relationship may also be bidirectional, highlighting the need for appropriate oral self-care and regular dental-care utilization in patients with renal disease. The findings underscore the need for integrated healthcare approaches that consider both oral and renal health, providing a foundation for further research and targeted interventions.
Exploring the Awareness and Use of Teledentistry Among Dental Professionals in A Nigerian University Teaching Hospital; A Cross-Sectional Survey
No full textAbstract
Objectives: Teledentistry is an emerging practice with a potential to significantly impact both the evolving landscape of dental clinical practice and public health delivery. The practice typically includes a variety of components and activities such as the use of electronic data and audiovisual communication technologies in diagnosis and delivery of oral health care, dental care delivery despite geographical distances, (especially in rural, and remote areas) among others. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of awareness and use of teledentistry, in oral health care delivery among dental professionals of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals’ Complex, (OAUTHC) Ile-Ife. Osun State, Nigeria
Materials and Method: A structured self-administered questionnaire designed with four-point Likert scale ideal was administered to all dental health care professionals in the hospital. The questionnaire had relevant sections, designed to elicit unbiased and honest responses from the participants, about their demographics, level of awareness and use of teledentistry, knowledge of teledentistry, and perceptions on the potential uses of teledentistry, ethical consideration and possible barriers to the use of teledentistry.
Results: All professionals in the hospital (100%) completed the questionnaire. Participants were 65 males, and 36 females, aged 20 -70 years. They were mostly Resident Doctors (44.6%) aged 30 - 40years. The level of awareness and use of teledentistry among dental professionals in this study was 49.9% and 4.1% respectively. 51.1% of respondents had no prior concept of the idea on the use of teledentistry in oral health care delivery. The Resident doctors appear to be the most informed than all other categories while the Dental therapists appear to be the least informed.
Conclusions: The overall level of awareness about the use of teledentistry among all dental health care professionals in the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex was below average. It is important to stimulate and encourage the optimum application of teledentistry in the studied population in order to ensure improvements of oral health care delivery among them and numerous trainees passing through the teaching hospital
Endodontic Management of a Mandibular Second Premolar With Two Roots and Four Canals: A Case Report
No full textA detailed understanding of root canal morphology is essential for successful root canal, mandibular second premolar usually consists of a single root with a single root canal but two roots with multiple canals has been reported. This study aims to bring to attention such variations in root and canal numbers and a successful, nonsurgical endodontic management of mandibular left second premolar with two separate roots and four distinct root canals. Tooth was tender on percussion with electric pulp tests revealed tooth 35 to be totally non-responsive. Digital periapical radiograph showed two rooted tooth 35 with coronal radiolucency in close communication with the pulp and diagnosis of acute apical periodontitis of tooth 35 was made. Root canal treatment done locating all four canals; mesio lingual, mesio-buccal, disto-lingual and disto-bucca
Does Gingival Biotype Affect the Prevalence of Gingival Recession Among Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria?
No full textObjectives: To investigate the type of gingival biotype, present among participants who attended the Periodontology clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Rivers State and to assess the effect of the types of gingival biotype on the prevalence of gingival recession.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among patients who attended the Periodontology clinic at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research and Ethics Committee of the Institution. Participants’ consents were obtained before the study was commenced. Data was collected using semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire had three sections: section A included information on socio-demographic characteristics, section B included information about oral hygiene practices of the participants, while section C included intraoral examination to determine the type of gingival biotype and presence of gingival recession on the six maxillary anterior teeth at the mid-buccal area of the tooth. The gingival biotype was determined using the probe transparency method, based on the visibility of the underlying Williams probe through the gingiva tissue.
Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Product and Service Solution, SPSS version 25.0 (IBM SPSS Inc. Chicago, Illinois). statistical significance was considered at p ≤ 0.05.
Results:
Ninety-eight participants participated in the study, fifty-five (56.1%) were females while 43(43.9%) were males. Sixty-seven (68.4%) of participants cleaned their teeth once daily.
The prevalence of gingival recession was 23.47%. Majority (82.7%) of the participants had thick gingival biotype, while 17.3% had thin gingival biotype. Majority of the younger participants had thick gingival biotype, while the elderly participants had thin gingival biotype, (p<0.026). Based on gender, 47(85.5%) and 34(79.1%) of females and males respectively had thick gingival biotype (p=0.407). About 18.5% of participants with thick gingival biotype presented with gingival recession while 47.1% of participants with thin gingival biotype had gingival recession.
Conclusion:
Majority of the participants presented with thick gingival biotype. The prevalence of gingival recession in this study was statistically associated with the age of the participants, type of gingival biotype, type of toothbrush and tooth brushing method used. Gingival recession was more common in participants with thin gingival biotype