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Comparison of Pre-emptive Analgesic Effect of Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, and Placebo in Reducing Post-operative Pain in Intra-alveolar Tooth Extraction at The University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. A Randomised Trial.: Pre-emptive analgesic effect of paracetamol and ibuprofen in tooth extraction.
No full textObjective: Pain is one of the most common postoperative complications of extraction. Thus, this study is aimed at determining the pre-emptive effectiveness of paracetamol and ibuprofen in the management of post extraction pain.
Methods: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, single‐blinded comparative study of patients who needed intra-alveolar extraction of posterior teeth. Sixty‐nine patients aged 18 years and above were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (A) paracetamol 1g; (B) ibuprofen 400mg; and (C) placebo (calcium lactate) 300mg. Each of the three tablets was given 30 minutes before administration of the local anesthetic agent. The pain level was assessed using the visual analogue scale®. Chi-square (X²) test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with an appropriate post-hoc test was used. Level of significance was set at 95% (p-value < 0.05).
Results: Ibuprofen and paracetamol groups showed lower pain scores compared to placebo. Although, there was no significant difference between the VAS scores at the post-operative period (P= 0.080). There was a significant difference in time taken for use of rescue medication among the three groups (p = 0.022), with those in placebo group 8 times more likely to use rescue medication relative to the analgesics.
Conclusion: The use of preemptive analgesics showed lower pain scores compared to placebo, and also significantly increased the time for use of rescue medication postoperatively
Enhancing Oral Health Care Access for School Children: A Perspective.
No full textInadequate access to oral health services for school children remains a pervasive issue in Nigeria. According to a study, a mere 20% of enrolled students have availed themselves of dental visits following referrals from dentists. Various barriers, such as geographical location, socioeconomic status, lack of awareness about the importance of oral health, and fear of treatment, contribute to this low utilization rate. The resulting problem exacerbates social class disparities within the country. To address this pressing concern, we conducted an exhaustive academic review encompassing peer-reviewed literature, policy documents, and other relevant materials. This review underscored three potential policy alternatives: bolstering educational campaigns on oral health, implementing mobile dental clinics, and establishing on-site school-based dental clinics—an innovative approach in the Nigerian context. Additionally, we will delve into insights from a successful case study of a model on-site school oral healthcare clinic in Ile-Ife. Recognizing that each approach comes with its own set of advantages and disadvantages, we propose a concise School Oral Health Policy. This policy aims to establish a framework for incorporating these remedies efficiently, providing a comprehensive solution to the issue of insufficient availability of dental healthcare services among Nigerian school pupils
UNMET PROSTHODONTIC NEEDS AND ORAL HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG TRADERS IN AN URBAN KANO MARKET: A PILOT SURVEY
No full textABSTRACT:
Objectives:
Prosthodontic needs may affect oral health quality of life among subsets of an urban population like traders in urban markets. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the impact of unmet prosthetic needs on Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) among traders in urban markets within Kano metropolis.
Materials and Methods:
Institutional Ethical approval was obtained. Study location was selected after a stratified sampling of available markets. A study proforma retrieving information on sociodemographic, prosthetic status and needs; and, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was administered on consenting participants.
Retrieved data were summarized as frequencies, percentages and means. Prosthetic needs were quantified and assessed to derive patterns and odds ratios across participants sociodemographic characteristics. Rank Correlation and subgroup analyses were to assess the relationship between prosthetic need and OHIP-14 scores and how this is influenced by gender and age.
Results:
A total of 360 individuals participated in the study. There were 274 (76%) males and 86 (24%) females. Their ages ranged from 18 to 85 years with a mean age of 35.9 ± 14.8 years. A comparable percentage of participants were either married (48%), or had never been married (44.1%). Participants who identified as Muslim (84.7%) predominated, and Hausa/Fulani (69.4%) were the predominant ethnic identity. Many (48.1%) of participants had at least a secondary school level of education.
About a fifth (79 or 21.9%) of the participants had a prosthodontic need. Unmet needs were present in 51(64.6%) of this segment of the participants. Females were more likely to have a prosthesis (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 0.90, 4.74). Prostheses were more common among participants 50 years or older (OR=7.49; 95% CI:1.50, 37.29) and were about 3.5 times more likely to be found in individuals who had at least a secondary school education.
Mean OHIP-14 scores was 1.3±3.9 in those without prosthetic needs and 13.1±12.7 for those with needs. Prosthetic need influenced OHIP=14 scores in all tested domains (p<0.001). Prosthetic needs correlated with OHIP-14 scores (rs=0.64, p<0.001). The correlation between prosthetic needs and OHIP-14 scores was stronger in females (p<0.001) and with increasing age (p<0.001).
Conclusion:
There was a high level of unmet prosthetic need within the studied population. Prosthetic need was inversely related to Oral Health Related Quality of Life. Increasing age and female gender were directly related to prosthetic needs and prosthetic status
ESTIMATION OF THE PREDICTIVE EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX-PERCENTILE ON SKELETAL MATURATION IN A NIGERIAN POPULATION.: Body mass percentile and skeletal maturation
No full textObjectives: To determine the predicting the effect of BMI-index percentile on the skeletal maturation of Nigerian children.
Design: A prospective cross-sectional study.
Setting: This study was conducted in a tertiary health care facility in North-Central Nigeria.
Participants: Children between the ages of 5-17 years consisting of 44 males and 30 females that presented in the Child Dental clinic over a period of eight months were recruited for the study.
Main outcome measured: Skeletal maturation was assessed using the middle phalanx of the third finger (MP3) while the standard WHO growth chart specific for age (2-20 years) and gender was used for grading BMI-percentile. The unpaired t-test was used to compare mean chronological age of the stages of MP3 according to gender. Multinomial logistic regression used to determine the predictive effect of age, gender and BMI percentile on pubertal growth spurt.
Results: The BMI-percentile had weak correlation with the pubertal growth spurt (r=0.089, p=0.448). Gender (p=0.004) and chronological age had significant (p<0.001) predictive effect on the skeletal maturation. A one-percentile increase in the BMI-percentile decreases the likelihood of healthy children to be in the peak-pubertal by 1.504 when compared to obese children (p=0.305).
Conclusions: This study showed that BMI-percentile is a weak predictor of skeletal maturation. However, obese children had a tendency towards advanced skeletal maturation than healthy participants. It is therefore suggested that orthodontists should consider early implementation of jaw modification treatments among obese children. 
Memoirs of a Dentist, Soldier, Administrator, the New NDA and an Educator.
No full textMy military and dental career started when I won the Dental Cadetship, a scholarship scheme of the Nigerian Army in October 1967 to read Dentistry at the College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi Araba (CMUL). Suddenly, the Nigerian Civil War started and I had to undergo my basic military training at the Army Depot, Abeokuta. I completed my dental training in June 1972. I was in the second set of Dentists graduated from CMUL and the first Odogbolu dentist
TEETH AVULSION SECONDARY TO ORO-TRACHEAL INTUBATION IN A TERTIARY HEALTHCARE FACILITY. A CASE SERIES
No full textGeneral anaesthesia using endo-tracheal intubation carried out to provide pain free surgical and medical procedures sometimes results in Traumatic Dental Injuries [TDIs]. Among the rarely reported TDI complication is Tooth avulsion. We present 2 cases of such complications, factors which can be responsible, management of such cases and the need to educate medical and paramedical personnel of what to do if such complication arises before definitive management can be carried out by the Dentist. Such awareness will go a long way in preventing unnecessary litigations which might likely occur from such routine procedures.
 
Temporomandibular Joint Pain: An Unusual Initial Manifestation of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Temporomandibular Joint Pain: An Unusual Initial Manifestation of Rheumatoid Arthritis
No full textWe present a 39-year old housewife with temporomandibular joint pain of more than a month duration prior to the development of symmetrical polyarthritis of the small joints of the hands, as an unusual first manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis.
A raised acute phase reactant such as ESR is a very helpful indicator of an underlying inflammatory condition, hence the need for early referral to the Rheumatologist
Prevalence of Dental Caries and Predisposing Factors in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria: Prevalence of Dental Caries and Predisposing Factors
No full textPrevalence of Dental Caries and Predisposing Factors in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of
Port Harcourt
Background: Dental caries is a common oral health disease of global interest. The burden of thedisease and predisposing factors must be determined before a preventive programme could bedesigned, but relevant data from community-based studies are not common in Rivers State.Aims and Objectives: This study was designed to determine the prevalence and predisposing factorsto caries development in the Local Government Area (LGA).Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among adultresidents in Obio-Akpor LGA of Rivers State. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was usedto collect personal data and caries predisposing factors while oral examination was carried out todetermine caries severity and oral hygiene status using DMFT and OHI-S indexes respectively. Thesample size (240) was determined using the formula for descriptive studies.Results: The mean (SD) age was 32(±1.113) years. Most of the participants were married, Ikwerres,skilled workers, earn &lt;100dollar and most had secondary education. Most seldom/never use tobaccoproducts. Most ate fresh fruits every day or several times a week and most also ate cariogenic dietevery day or several times a day. Most use fluoride toothpaste once a day and most do not use floss.Most have never seen a dentist. The prevalence of untreated caries was 64.2%. DMFT score=0.91(very low). The OHI-S = 3.3. (&gt;3 indicates poor OHI).Conclusions: The DMFT index was low while OHI-S was high. Poor oral hygiene status, oralhealthcare utilization and cariogenic diets predisposed the participants to caries.Key words: Caries, prevalence, predisposing factors, preventio
Influence of Digit Sucking Habit on Masseter Muscle Thickness and Upper Airway Dimensions in Nigerian Children: Digit Sucking and Masseter Muscle Thickness and Upper Airway Dimensions
No full textBackground: Digit sucking habit (DSH) generates functional forces that can influence craniofacial morphology. Although the dental effects have been widely reported, its influence on the masseter muscle thickness (MMT) and upper airway (UA) dimensions is not well known.
Methods: Thirty (30) children selected from the orthodontic clinic (OAUTHC), with a DSH were matched with a group of 30 children without a DSH. Each group comprised of 16 males and 14 females. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the masseter muscle (MM) was performed to measure the left and right MMT in the relaxed and contracted states. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained and 6 UA variables were measured on the x-ray. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
Inferential statistics was done using independent sample t test to compare means.
Results: Participants in the DS group had a mean age of 7.7 ± 2.2 years, whereas those in the non-DS group had a mean age of 8.1 ± 2.1 years. The MM was generally thicker among the DS group, both in the contracted and relaxed states when compared with the non-DS group, but these differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The mean measurement of the width of the nasopharynx (P1) was significantly decreased among the DS group when compared with the non-DS group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean values for the width of the oropharynx (P2), hypopharynx (P3), soft palate length (PNS-U1) and thickness (MPT) and the posterior bony boundary of the nasopharynx (PNS-Ba) between both groups. (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Digit sucking habit caused a statistically significant narrowing of the width of the nasopharynx (p<0.05). The MMT did not differ significantly between the DS and non-DS groups both in the relaxed and contracted states
Post-COVID Reflections, the Dental Laboratory Perspective
No full textThere has been a growing interest in the topic of COVID-19 and its impact on dental laboratories. It has gained attention from researchers, policymakers, and the public due to its significance for the overall safety of dental practitioners. Understanding the various aspects of this topic is crucial to addressing the challenges and opportunities it presents. This paper will delve into the different dimensions of the pandemic’s impact and explore its implications for the future of dental technology and dentistry at large. The purpose of the paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis of COVID-19 and its impact on the practice of dental technology. By examining the different perspectives and factors involved, we aim to offer insights and recommendations for addressing the issues and leveraging the opportunities associated with them. Lessons learned from the pandemic can be applied to future crises. The importance of preparedness, adaptability in navigating uncertain times and strategies for adapting to future crises will be highlighted