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Hemangiomatous ameloblastoma: report of a case
Get PDFHemangiomatous ameloblastoma is a rare variant of ameloblastoma with only a few cases reported in the English literature. This is a report of a 42 year old man with a recurrent mandibular neoplasm who had r epeated surgical interventions. Clinical and radiographic examinations were not significantly different from other regular variants of ameloblastoma. Microscopic examination however revealed islands of cuboidal and columnar cells arranged in a pallisaded pattern with a central area of squamous metaplasia and stellate reticulum-like cells. There were multiple vascular channels containing red blood cells within the stellate reticulum-like areas. Surgical resection of the mandibular mass was done with immediate reconstruction. It may be concluded that repeated surgical interventions may be a possible etiology for the development of hemangiomatous ameleblastoma
Pattern of odontogenic tumours in Nigeria: a review of the literature
Get PDFObjective: Odontogenic tumours are lesions derived from the epithelial and/ or mesenchymal remnants of the tooth-forming apparatus. Various authors from different centres in Nigeria have at different times reported their experiences of the prevalence, clinical presentation and management of odontogenic tumours, but no effort till date had been made to harmonise all these works with a view to showing the true pattern of these tumours among Nigerians as a whole. This is what the present review article sets out to achieve.
Method: All articles published in Nigeria on odontogenic tumours from 1969 to date were reviewed. These articles were sourced from online stores using the PUBMED and HINARI. Manual search of the references in these articles was also done to identify additional relevant articles not listed in the above sites.
Result: Ameloblastoma was found to be the most reported odontogenic tumour, and has been described as the most frequently occurring odontogenic tumour in Nigeria. Although malignant variants of odontogenic tumours were well recognized, they were less reported in Nigeria than in the rest of the world. Peak age of occurrence for odontogenic tumours generally was between the 3rd and the 4th decades with variations in male to female ratio based on the type of odontogenic tumour. Mandible was found to be favoured more than maxilla as the common site of occurrence. Late presentation for treatment was a common phenomenon in all studies reviewed.
Conclusion: Odontogenic tumours remain a very common orofacial tomour in Nigeria and the literature is replete about studies from Nigeria. While large number of epidemiological studies exists, little efforts have been focused on management of patients to including challenges of reconstructive surgery and optimum prosthetic rehabilitation for improved outcome and quality of life
Etiology of tooth discoloration- a review
Get PDFDiscoloration of the tooth can erode the sparkle from a smile. In the management of patients with discolored tooth, knowledge of the mechanisms behind tooth discoloration is of relevance as it can influence the treatment plan. In certain instances it may even have an effect on the outcome of the treatment. A grasp of the pathological process involved in tooth staining will also allow the dental practitioner to explain to the patient the exact nature of the condition. An overview of the etiology and the clinical appearance of tooth discoloration are discussed in this review
Trends of oral cancer in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Get PDFObjective: The aim of this study was to describe the trend and recent pattern of oral cancer in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Method: A retrospective analysis of all cases of oral cancer (excluding lymphoid cancers) documented in the records of the Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pathology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, from the year 1983 to 2007 was done. The analysis of the data collected was compared with three earlier studies in this same centre and the published literature in general.
Result: Over the 25-year-period a total 450 cases of oral cancer were recorded. More than half of the cases were squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 58.0% of these occurred in the palate which was the commonest site. Compared with previous studies, the male to female ratio of 1.4:1 revealed a higher number of females, and more patients were recorded in the first and tenth decades of life.
Conclusion: The trends in oral cancer prevalence in UCH, Ibadan, show that oral SCC, still occurs commonly in the palate in our environment, and constituted the bulk of oral cancer. In addition, more females and patients within the extremes of age are being increasingly affected. There is before a need for more investigations into the possible aetiological factors in our environment in order to offer a preventive approach to the management of the disease
Effects of pH, titratable acidity and calcium concentration of non alcoholic carbonated beverages on enamel erosion: an in vitro study.
Get PDFObjective: Beverage acidity has been measured routinely using the pH value. However, titratable acidity is thought to be a true indicator of beverage erosive potential. It has also been reported that experimental addition of calcium in beverages can reduce the progression of erosion. This study was carried out to investigate effects the of pH, titratable acidity and calcium concentration of non alcoholic carbonated beverages on enamel erosion of extracted human premolar teeth.
Method: The erosive potential of 13 carbonated beverages and control was characterized based on analysis of pH, titratable acidity, and calcium concentrations. This was followed by ename demineralization tests. Baseline and post-immersion measurements of enamel microhardness were carried out using Vickers microhardness tester. Mean and standard deviation for each parameter was calculated. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired t test, pearson\u27s correlation, and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were employed for statistical analysis. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Result: Among the beverages, Pepsi had the lowest pH while Sip-on-appy had the highest pH. Titratable acidity was lowest for Limca and highest for Red Bull. Calcium concentration was lowest in Limca and Sprite and highest in Appy fizz. Statistically significant negative correlation between pH and percentage reduction of enamel microhardness, and between calcium concentration and percentage reduction of enamel microhardness was found. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis revealed pH as the best predictor for erosive potential.
Conclusion: All beverages have potential for enamel erosion. Beverages with lower pH and less calcium are more erosive
Dentistry for Nigerians with special needs: an overview
No full textThere are approximately 25 million residents with disabilities in Nigeria. Social inclusion of individuals with disabilities is difficult since societal views of these persons are in terms of charity and welfare rather than functioning members of a community. While there are no national studies of the dental needs of individuals with disabilities in Nigeria, there are reports of local studies of patients with disabilities which indicate a greater incidence of management difficulties as well as the need for improved oral hygiene and restorative services. Nevertheless, a study of practitioner involvement in the care of individuals with disabilities reported limited preparation of dental students to provide service for this population. Some organizations, such as the Special Olympics Healthy Athletes Special Smiles and the Smile Train, have set up programmes, both educational and service, to address some of their oral health issues. It is recommended that there is a need to identify the availability of current dental service centers for individuals with disabilities, establish a national organization to stimulate an awareness of the varied needs of individuals with disabilities and real programs in schools to prepare dental students to care for individuals with disabilities. Examples of dental education accreditation standards in other countries are used as models for the improvement in the preparation of dental students to provide services for individuals with special needs
Ozone therapy and restorative dentistry: a literature review
Get PDFObjective: Over the recent years, restorative dentistry has shifted towards practicing preventive dentistry and adopting more conservative and tooth-preserving procedures. This approach is being further reinforced with the emergence of ozone therapy in the management of tooth decay. Ozone therapy is the treatment of the tooth with a mixture of oxygen and ozone. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive literature on ozone therapy and on the different areas of restorative dental specialty where this emerging treatment alternative has been found applicable.
Method: The Medline and Google databases were searched for relevant literature using the following terms “ozone therapy and dentistry”, “ozone”, “atraumatic tooth restoration”, “tooth decay and remineralization”. Manual library search and review of bibliographies of published literature were also conducted. Publications that discussed what ozone therapy is all about, thehistory, mechanism of action, production of ozone, toxicity and clinical applications particularly in Restorative Dentistry were extracted.
Result: Ozone therapy causes remineralization of incipient pit and fissure caries as well as incipient root caries. Its usefulness in open lesions has also being demonstrated. Dental decay may sometimes be managed without the conventional anaesthetic, drill and filling. It is also used in Restorative Dentistry for sterilization of removable dentures and avulsed tooth, tooth bleaching and desensitization. There is conflicting evidence regarding its application in endodontics at the moment.
Conclusion: There is some demonstrable emerging evidence to suggest that ozone therapy is useful in restorative dentistry and it could turn around for good the practice of the discipline in the near future. Its mode of application in dentistry ensures its safety
Malocclusion and occlusal traits among orthodontic patients seen at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Get PDFObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and trend of malocclusion and occlusal traits among orthodontic patients in Benin City.
Method: One hundred and thirty one patients, consisting of 71 females (54.2%) and 60 males (45.8%) aged 5 - 44 years (mean 17.9 ± 7.5 years) who presented for orthodontic treatment at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital Dental Centre were assessed for sagittal molar occlusion, overjet, overbite, crossbite, open bite, crowding, spacing, median diastema, midline shift, malformed and supernumerary teeth, displaced, unerupted and impacted teeth. Statistical gender differences in the occlusal traits were evaluated with the chi-square test.
Result: The results revealed high prevalence of Angle\u27s class I malocclusion (71.8%), while 9.9% of the subjects had Angle\u27s Class II division 1, 7.6% had Angle\u27s Class II division 2 and 10.7% had Angle\u27s class III malocclusion. An increased overjet greater than 3.5mm was observed in 43% while increased overbite was observed in 25.2%. Anterior open bite was seen in 8.4% while 21.4% and 12.2% had anterior and posterior crossbites respectively. Midline shift was present in 29.8%, crowding of both upper and lower anterior segments was observed in 47.3%, spacing in the upper and lower anterior segments was present in 22.1%, and midline diastema was observed in 21.4%. No statistically significant gender differences were observed for any of the occlusal variables evaluated (P>0.05).
Conclusion: This study revealed high prevalence of class I malocclusion, increased overjet and crowding among the orthodontic patients seen in Benin City, Nigeria
Screening for proteinuria and glycosuria among dental patients in Benin City
No full textObjective: To screen for the presence of proteinuria and glycosuria amongst patients attending for routine care in a dental clinic in Benin- City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Method: A prospective survey over a period of thirty-six months involving all new consecutive and consenting patients. All consenting patients, yet to have breakfast and with no history of previous screening for proteinuria and glycosuria were screened, using Clinistix test strips. Medical and drug history, and relative risk were given due considerations in patient selection. Athletes, specifically marathon runners were excluded. Findings were analysed as simple frequency tables and percentages.
Results: A total of four thousand, four hundred and ninety patients who attended the Oral Diagnosis Clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benin and met inclusion criteria were screened. Fifty three (1.2%) positive cases of glycosuria were recorded. The male: female ratio was 1:1.1 and the majority of patients (49%) were in age group 19-29 years. Forty three (1.0%) were positive, for proteinuria. There was a preponderance of females (1.7%) over males (0.8%) and most patients (65.1%) were in the 19-29 years age group.
Conclusion: Most patients were asymptomatic and accepted a referral to the physician. It is recommended for the benefit of attending patients to the dental surgery to include routine urine analysis for glucose and protein in addition to the usual assessment of vital signs
Multiple myeloma with primary manifestation in the mandible: a case report
Get PDFPlasma cell neoplasms (multiple myeloma, solitary plasmocytoma of bone and extra medullar plasmocytoma) are characterized by a monoclonal neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells. Multiple myeloma is a monoclonal malignant proliferation of plasma cells that causes osteolytic lesions in the vertebrae, ribs, pelvic bone, skull and jaw. We report a case of a 69-year-old male patient who presented with a tumefaction in the body of mandible, which had evolved over the previous two months. In the radiographic examination, an extensive osteolytic lesion was observed in the body of mandible. An incisional biopsy was performed and histopathological study revealed a malignant hematopoietic neoplasm formed by plasmacytoid cells. Knowledge about the maxillofacial manifestations of multiple myeloma is important for the early diagnosis of the disease, since its primary form can manifest itself in the jaw