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Study of oral hygiene status and prevalence of gingival diseases in 10-12-year-old school children in Sholapur City, India
Get PDFObjective: The study was carried out to assess the oral hygiene status and to determine the prevalence of gingival and periodontal diseases in 10-12-year-old school children in Sholapur City, India.
Method: A total of 1045 children (560 boys and 485 girls) aged 10-12 years were evaluated by questionnaires related to oral hygiene practices and clinical examination using Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) , Gingival Index and Russell\u27s Periodontal index.
Result: All the children examined irrespective of the gender brushed their teeth with tooth brush and tooth paste. A total of 940 (90%) children brushed their teeth once in a day, while the remaining 105 (10%) brushed twice daily. Prevalence of gingival disease was 81% and males were more affected than females. Ten year old children were affected most by gingivitis. Good oral hygiene status was seen in 30% of total population examined, 2% had poor oral hygiene status and others (68%) showed fair oral hygiene status. Fifteen percent of the children had mild gingivitis, 64% had moderate gingivitis and 1% had severe gingivitis. Pockets were absent in all the children.
Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of gingival disease in the population examined in this study, indicating the need for community health activities and awareness programme to improve the oral health of the people in this particular stratum of population
Managing oral bleeding in children with hereditary bleeding disorders: case series and a review of literature
Get PDFBleeding disorders are mostly of genetic or hereditary origin in children. Dental consultations sought by patients with bleeding disorders may follow trauma, dental infections or may be insidious. The present report is on five cases managed at the Paedodontic unit of the Child Dental Health Clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. The report gives a review of some of the challenges faced in the dental management of patients with hereditary bleeding disorders and the treatment options for the different oral presentations. Four of these patients had haemophilia A and the other had von Williebrand disease. All the patients presented with bleeding gingivae secondary to either physiologic processes of eruption, infective or traumatic dental conditions. The management of the patients was comprehensive with a multidisciplinary approach. The prevention of traumatic and infective dental conditions is an important part of oral health care in individuals with hereditary bleeding disorders. This would reduce the need for treatment and should reduce the number of emergency visits
Anterior bilateral temporomandibular joint dislocation: an emergency presentation
Get PDFAnterior dislocation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) though an infrequent presentation at the emergency department; often demands an immediate reduction to relieve discomfort and prevent adverse long-term sequelae. A simple and effective technique to reduce the dislocation is successfully demonstrated by putting the operator\u27s thumbs over the molar teeth of the patient and pushing the dislocated jaw downward and backward. We report the case of a patient who presented at our accident and emergency department with bilateral anterior TMJ dislocation and was successfully reduced with this simple technique
Comparative study to assess the effect of chewing stick and toothbrush on oral hygiene, gingival health and pocket depth among patients attending dental outpatient clinic in Udaipur, India
Get PDFObjective: The purposes of this study was to assess and compare the oral hygiene, gingival health and pocket depth among patients using miswak (Salvadora Persica L) and toothbrush.
Method: A total of 528 subjects participated in this study (63.6% females and 36.4% males), ranging in age from 20 to 45 years (mean = 35.43 ± 12.83). After fulfilling the entry criteria participants were classified according to their oral hygiene habits as miswak users (group I), tooth brush and paste users (group II) or both miswak users and tooth brush and paste users (group III). All subjects were assessed using Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), gingival index, pocket depth and gingival recession.
Result: There was no statistically significant difference of mean OHI-S scores between miswak (1.04±0.64), toothbrush (1.08± 0.71) and combined users (1.09±0.74). On the other hand, all the three groups differ significantly in relation to mean gingival index scores, miswak (0.95±0.63), toothbrush (1.20± 0.59) and combined users (1.44±0.71) (p= 0.000). Also, Group II (3.90±1.88) demonstrated a significantly higher mean pocket depth than Group I (3.31±2.12) (p=0.019). However, gingival recession was significantly higher in Group I (2.17±1.64) in comparison to Group II (1.37±1.35) and Group III (1.30±1.58) (P=0.000).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that, miswak (Salvadora Persica L) users exhibited good oral hygiene and gingival index score but they had higher gingival recession scores which may influence the periodontal health
Bolton\u27s ratios and tooth-size discrepancies in a Nigerian population
Get PDFObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the Bolton\u27s ratios and tooth size discrepancies in a Nigerian population.
Method: The Bolton tooth size analysis was performed on 54 dental casts of Nigerian subjects comprising 33 (61%) males and 21 (39%) females (mean 26.6 ± 2.1 years). The overall and anterior tooth size ratios were determined, and gender differences among the sample population was evaluated with t-test. The frequency and magnitude of deviation of theNigerian subjects outside 2 standard deviations from the Bolton\u27s mean was also determined.
Result: The result revealed no statistically significant gender differences in interarch tooth size ratios (p> 0.05) and the measurement for both males and females were therefore combined.The overall ratio was 92.1% ± 2.35 and anterior ratio was 78.9% ± 2.64. The overall tooth size discrepancy was present in 9.3% and the 25.9% of the subjects had anterior tooth size discrepancy in relations to more than 2 standard deviations from the Bolton\u27s mean values.
Conclusion: The study provided data on tooth size ratios among Nigerian subjects whose values were larger than Bolton\u27s data. This study re-emphasized the importance of developing standards for each population
Mandibular reconstruction: a new defect classification system
Get PDFThis paper presents a new mandibular segmental defect classification system (La-Co-CE) with a view to highlight the complexity and difficulty of the reconstruction with free autogenous bone grafts which the most frequently used method for surgeons practicing in developing countries. We submit that defect classification systems will continue to remain relevant if surgeons are to is pre-operatively classify the envisaged operative difficulty and objectively compare the outcome postoperatively
Prevalence and pattern of presentation of mandibular and palatine tori in a NIgerian population
No full textObjective: To determine the prevalence and pattern of presentation of mandibular and palatal tori in a Nigerian population.
Method: A prospective observational study of mandibular and palatal tori among adolescents and adults subjects, attending the Oral and Maxillofacial Clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria, from January to December 2008 was conducted. Patients were examined by visual inspection and digital palpation for the presence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis.
Result: A total of 1004 subjects (424 males, 580females) were examined during the period of the study. The subjects were aged 15-90 years, (mean 32.7 ± 13.5 years). The prevalence of mandibular and/or palatal tori was 13.6% (136 of 1004). Of the 136 subjects, 24 had both mandibular and palatal tori, 48 had palatal tori only and 64 had mandibular tori only. Both the mandibular and palatine tori were commonly seen in female subjects. The most common location was the lingual surface of the mandible around canine-premolar region. The prevalence of mandibular torus was 8.8% and that of palatal torus was 7.2%. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of mandibular tori in both sexes (P=0.48), whereas palatal tori were significantly commoner in females than males (P=0.00). Tori were commonly seen in the 3rd and 4th decades of life and were asymptomatic in 97% of subjects examined.
Conclusion: The prevalence of tori in this study was higher than previously reported in Nigeria. Fourteen percent of those examined in the present study were found to have mandibular and/or palatal tori. Tori located on the lingual surface of the mandible around canine-premolar region were the most commonly seen tori in agreement with the previous study from Nigeria
Pattern and surface prevalence of dental caries on posterior teeth of children in a Nigerian teaching hospital
No full textObjective: Knowledge of the pattern of dental caries in children is important in the designing of preventive clinical procedures, community-based programmes and formulation of appropriate treatment strategies for these children. This study therefore described the pattern and surface prevalence of dental caries on the posterior teeth of children attending Paedodontic clinic of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Method: All children aged 5 – 12 years attending the clinic for the first time within a period of 24 months (2005 – 2007) were examined clinically and radiographically (using bitewing radiographs) for dental caries. Tooth types and tooth surfaces affected were recorded and data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.
Result: The results showed that the most frequently affected tooth surface in primary teeth was approximal surface (58.6%) followed by occlusal surface (39.9%) while in permanent teeth, the reverse was the case (occlusal = 77.0%, approximal = 15.0%). The second primary molars were found to be more affected than first molars in primary dentition while first permanent molars were the most affected in permanent teeth. The distribution of dental caries was higher in the lower jaw than the upper jaw. There was a slight difference in sex predilection with females having higher mean dmft/DMFT than males, though this was not statistically significant. The aged group mostly affected was 5 – 8 years with mean dmft and DMFT of 2.68±1.84 and 0.21±0.54 respectively.
Conclusion: The high occurrence of approximal caries in primary teeth observed revealed the need for the use of bitewing radiographs for early detection of such lesions while the high occurrence of occlusal caries in permanent dentition showed the need to design preventive clinical procedures such as the placement of fissure sealants on first molars so as to prevent occurrence of occlusal caries in high risk children
Hybrid clear cell odontogenic carcinoma and ameloblastic carcinoma-report of a case
Get PDFAmeloblastic carcinoma (AC) produces extensive local destruction, perforation of the cortical plate, extension into surrounding soft tissues, numerous recurrent lesions, and metastasis, usually to cervical lymph nodes. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) which was previously designated clear cell odontogenic tumor also exhibits an aggressive biologic behavior and a tendency to metastasize to distant locations. Both lesions are rare. We report an odontogenic carcinoma with a dual histomorphologic feature of CCOC and AC coexisting in a single lesion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of its kind in the literature
Exclusive breastfeeding and its relevance to infant teething
Get PDFObjective: To determine the relevance of exclusive breast-feeding practice, in the development of healthy oral tissue among teething infants.
Method: A cross sectional study design of children aged 6-36 months was carried out in 14 wards of Jos North Local Government Area. A multistage sampling technique was adopted in selecting 1081 mothers who qualified and were interviewed using structured interviewer questionnaire on their knowledge and perception on common complaints during teething in children. The index children were examined for number and type of teeth erupted using mouth mirror under natural light.
Result: One thousand and eighty-one mothers and their babies were interviewed and examined; out these 16.5%, 38.7% and 44.8% babies were of age groups 6-12, 13-24 and 25-36 months respectively; 50.2% were female and 49.8% were male. Of the babies examined 62.4% were exclusively breast-fed. There was a significant association between maternal educational status and knowledge of teething complaints. Three hundred and twenty-six (30.1%) babies had cough during their teething period, 349 (32.3%) experienced drooling of saliva, and 352 (32.6%) were observed to bite objects during teething. The high percentage of babies that were exclusively breast-fed but did not experience these symptoms were found to be statistically significant (p = 0.00). Seven hundred and forty-two (68.6%) babies had diarrhoea during teething; out of these 459(42.5%) were exclusively breast-fed and it was however not found to be statistically significant (p = 0.55).
Conclusion: This study draws attention to the relatively poor anecdotal evidence related to symptoms associated with the teething process. The result has also demonstrated that exclusive breast-feeding is not only able to reduce the symptoms ascribed to teething, but also promote the development of a healthy oral tissue