282 research outputs found
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The practices and effects of tooth mutilation in a Nigerian rural population
No full textObjective: The study was carried out to investigate the practices and effect of tooth mutilation in two rural communities in Nigeria.
Method: A structured questionnaire was administered on subjects in two rural communities in the Niger-Delta area of Nigeria. The questionnaire was used to collect demographic information of the subject and the reasons for, methods of tooth mutilation and its effects on the oral health of participants were recorded. Data obtained were coded and computerized analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.0.
Result: A total of 37 (36.3%) participants out of 102 patients who visited the dental clinic during the free dental care mission completed the questionnaire. There were 9 (24.3%) male and 28 (75.3%) female in two communities of Okorenkoko and Agudama. Most of the participants received information concerning this act through family members or friends with various reasons given for engaging in this act. Also, various deleterious effects of tooth mutilation was found with 25 (67.6%) experiencing pain during the process, 12 (32.4%) noticed progressive tooth discolouration while 8 (21.6%) experienced signs of infection with either pus discharge or upper lip swelling or both.
Conclusion: Rural dwellers, irrespective of level of education are still indulging in mutilatory practices to the dental tissues and on the long run, most mutilated teeth, would most likely become symptomatic and may result into extraction worse sequelae
Double teeth in the primary dentition: Case reports from a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
No full textThe term double tooth is used to describe the developmental dental abnormalities called gemination and fusion. Gemination is an attempted, incomplete division of a single tooth germ during the proliferation stage of odontogenesis, while fusion is the union of two or more independently developing teeth. Although the prevalence of primary double teeth is low, double teeth are of clinical interests because of the associated clinical problems. The clinical problems associated with the condition in the primary dentition are often downplayed for various reasons in spite of their importance. Primary double teeth ought to be carefully investigated so that these clinical problems which may affect the permanent dentition can be effectively managed. Perhaps primary double teeth have not received adequate documentation in our environment because of the low prevalence. This paper presents four primary double teeth in three patients. One of the cases presented occurred bilaterally, a relatively uncommon phenomena. The associated clinical problems are illustrated in the cases and the management discussed. Although primary double teeth are asymptomatic and in some cases may not interfere with function, they do have associated clinical problems. Early diagnosis and regular clinical and radiographic observations are necessary for effective management and appropriate treatment of the anomaly
Spectrum of diseases and pattern of referral at the Oral Diagnosis Clinic of a tertiary dental center
No full textObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine the scope of oral diseases and referrals within the Dental Centre at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH).
Method: The clinic logbook of the Oral diagnosis clinic of the Dental centre, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital was reviewed retrospectively over an 18-month period. Demographic and clinical data of all patients were retrieved and statistically analyzed using SPSS Version 17.0.
Result: There were 2,249 patients comprising 945 (42%) males and 1,304 (58%) females. The age range was 1month to 95 years and mean age, 29.9 + 16.8 years. The mean age for male was 30.4 + 17.3years and for female, 29.5±16.4 years. Based on their age, patients were categorized into children, youth, middle age and elderly. Patronage was predominantly by the youth category (age 17- 40 years). The predominant pathology presented was complicated dental caries (41.1%). Traumatic injuries showed predilections for the male gender (87 males compared to 58 females). Most of the referrals were to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic (825 patients) and tooth extraction (741 adults, 147 paediatric extractions) was the major reason for referral.
Conclusion: In spite of the worldwide epidemiological report of its reducing incidence, dental caries and its sequelae are still the major reasons for patronage of dental health services in our environment and dental extraction is the mostly consumed treatment modality
Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the mandible: A case report
No full textPrimary central salivary gland carcinomas of the mandible are uncommon neoplasms. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a distinct pathologic entity of the salivary glands and comprises 5-10% of all salivary gland tumours. Central mucoepidermoid carcinomas (CMC) are extremely rare, comprising 2-3% of all mucoepidermoid carcinomas reported. This is a case report of central mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the anterior region of the mandible in a 37 year old female patient. Histopathological findings revealed a fibrous connective tissue within which are scattered islands, sheets and cords of neoplastic epidermoid and intermediate cell clusters exhibiting cellular pleomorphism and nuclear hyperchromatism. A diagnosis of central high grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma was made. The patient was thereafter referred to a tertiary institution with facilities for radiotherapy on account of the grade of the tumour
Techniques for mandibular block anaesthesia - the practice of Nigerian dentists
No full textObjective: To assess the knowledge and practices of Nigerian dentists in the use of alternative techniques for inferior alveolar nerve block.
Method: A survey was conducted using a self administered structured questionnaire distributed among a cross-section of Nigerian dentists. Participants were to distinguish between four alternative methods of mandibular block anaesthesia namely; Gow-Gate block (GGB), Akinosi block (AB), Vazirani block (VB) and Retromolar block (RB). The questionnaire sought demographic information about participants, types of practice, when and how the dentists received formal teaching on these techniques, how often they used the techniques, and the reasons for conventional block failure they have encountered.
Result: There were 273 respondents comprising 165 (60.4%) males and 105 (39.6%) females within the age range of 24-56 years (mean 34.4 + 6.8 years). Two hundred and forty nine (91.2%) respondents were aware of alternative methods of achieving IAN block but 45 (16.5%) employed alternative techniques in less than 5% of cases, 57 (20.9%) in 5-10% of cases and 12 (4.4%) in more than 10% of cases. Akinosi block was the preferred alternative (p = 0.045). Most of the alternative techniques were taught without clinical demonstrations. The relationship between years of experience and encounter with conventional block failure on one hand [p = 0.126] and experience and usage of alternative techniques [p= 0.063] were not statistically significant. The common causes of conventional block failure highlighted were aberrant anatomy (76.9%), local infection (67%), uncooperative patients (64.8%), trismus (59.3%) and poor technique (56%).
Conclusion: There is a deficiency in the undergraduate curriculum of Nigeria Dental Schools with respect to training in dental anaesthesia. Majority use conventional nerve block routinely while alternative techniques are rarely employed
The associations of malaria parasite and ABO blood groups with aggressive periodontitis in Nigerians - a preliminary study
No full textObjective: Aggressive Periodontitis (AgP) is a rare form of periodontitis which has been associated with aetiological factors including genetic predisposition, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and blood group B. It seems to have a racial predisposition being more common among blacks, particularly people of West African origin. The role of endemic factors such as malaria is yet to be investigated in AgP. The aim of this study was to explore the associations of malaria parasites and ABO blood groups with aggressive periodontitis.
Method: A preliminary case-control study on localized aggressive periodontitis patients and age and gender matched controls. Microbiological and hematological tests were performed to determine the presence of malaria parasites and ABO blood groups respectively.
Result: Eight LAgP patients and 9 age and gender-matched controls were seen. Six patients were positive for Plasmodium Falciparum malaria parasite, compared with 2 controls. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.044). The prevalence of malaria infection was not significantly associated with age (p = 0.44) or gender (p = 0.34) of the subjects.
Conclusion: This preliminary study showed a high prevalence of malaria parasites among patients with aggressive periodontitis. Malaria infection may be associated with AgP. Studies with larger sample sizes may be needed to further investigate the relationship between aggressive periodontitis and malaria infection
Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman Disease): Report of a case in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
No full textSinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) is a rare, benign disease of unknown aetiology. This disease typically presents with massive, painless cervical lymphadenopathy but may occur in a wide variety of extranodal sites. This report describes a 43-year old man with a left submandibular swelling and left lateral cervical lymphadenopathy clinically suggestive of a malignancy. Initial cytological examination of a fine needle aspirate specimen taken from the mass suggested a chronic granulomatous inflammatory lesion. A definitive diagnosis of SHML was however made only after excisional biopsy of the lesion. The patient was followed up for 6 months and no recurrence of the lesion was observed. SHML may be considered a rare lesion among Nigerians. Knowledge of its clinical presentation with understanding of the differentials diagnosis is important to avoid unnecessary intervention. The diagnosis can be made from FNAC, histopathology and immune-histochemistry. There is no ideal protocol for the treatment. Follow-up is however necessary to detect relapses
Primary intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma of maxilla- case report
Get PDFPrimary intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PIOC) of the jaw bones is an extremely rare malignant salivary gland tumour constituting 2-4.3% of all the reported mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC). It is commonly seen in the posterior part of the mandible and rare in maxilla. The aetiopathogenesis of the PIOC is not completely understood. We hereby, report a case of PIOC of the maxilla in an 18 year old male patient. An incisional biopsy was performed, and the histopathological findings confirmed intermediate-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Maxillary MEC have a worse prognosis than mandibular cases and it should be followed-up for a longer period due to the possibility of late recurrence or regional metastasis
The limitations in clinical teaching, learning and practice of conservative amalgam cavity preparations in developing countries
No full textAmalgam is the cheapest and the most widely used intra-coronal posterior restorative material in the world.Therefore, the teaching, learning and practice of conservative amalgam cavity preparations cannot be ignored by any dental school. Since the introduction of the principles and methods of cavity preparation by G.V Black in 1908, there have been a series of modifications in terms of designs and the underlining principles.The “extension for prevention” dogma by G.V Black had been jettisoned while the modern concept of conservatism or minimal cavity preparation has been well embraced by dental practitioners. However, there are some limitations in clinical teaching of conservative amalgam cavity preparation which include late patient presentation with large carious lesions, lack of appropriate conservative instruments and restorative materials. This article discusses limitations in teaching, learning and practice of conservative amalgam cavity preparation in the developing countries
