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Relationship of oral hygiene status and practices with oral lesions in a group of HIV positive patients in Lagos, Nigeria
No full textObjective: The oral health of HIV positive patients may be compromised because of their depressed immunity and may increase their risk of developing some oral lesions. This study was carried out to assess the relationship of the oral hygiene status and practices with oral lesions in HIV positive patients at a dedicated HIV clinic in Nigeria.
Method: A cross sectional study of adult HIV positive patients aged 18 years and above at the HIV outpatient clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Data on age, gender, marital status, level of education and oral hygiene practices were collected. Their CD4 counts were recorded. Oral examination was carried out on all patients to assess their oral hygiene status using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. Oral lesions were recorded when present.
Result: A total of 134 HIV positive patients were seen, most (71.6%) of whom had never visited a dentist. The mean oral hygiene index (OHI-S) score of the patients was 1.85 and 55.2% had a fair oral hygiene status. The majority (77.6%) cleaned their teeth once daily. Oral candidiasis and linear gingival erythema (LGE) were the two most prevalent oral lesions being 26.1% and 11.2% respectively. The mean oral hygiene index (OHI-S) score was higher in males [2.10] compared with females [1.71] (p<0.05), in patients who had never visited the dentist [1.99] compared with those who had visited the dentist previously [1.49] (p<0.05) and in patients with linear gingival erythema compared with those without the lesion (p< 0.05).The CD4 + Tlymphocyte count was not associated with the OHI-S (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Poorer oral hygiene was significantly associated with male gender, no previous dental visits and linear gingival erythema lesions in the HIV positive patients in this study. Regular oral health education programmes should be incorporated into the treatment protocol of HIV positive patients at the HIV clinic to improve their overall health status
Students\u27 knowledge and attitudes towards ill-effects of tobacco use in Jos metropolis of Plateau State, Nigeria
No full textObjective: Young people are vulnerable to a range of ill behaviours including tobacco use. Preventing tobacco use among youths may be an easier task than helping adults break the habit of smoking and overcome its ill effects. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of students towards the ill-effects of tobacco use on health.
Method: This was a cross-sectional study involving secondary and tertiary school students from the Capital Teritory of Plateau State of Nigeria (Jos North, Jos South and Jos East). A twostage sampling technique was used with four secondary schools selected from each of the three Local Government Areas (LGAs). Two tertiary schools were selected from Jos South and three from Jos North proportionally to the number of schools in the two LGAs. The second stage was the selection of 661 students from the selected seventeen schools using systematic sampling procedure. A self/interviewer-administered questionnaire on smoking habits, knowledge of the different forms of tobacco, ill-effects of tobacco use, and attitude towards quitting was used for data collection.
Result: The mean age was 18.09±2.11 years for secondary school students and 30.65 ±8.72 years for tertiary school students. The prevalence of tobacco use among secondary and tertiary school students were 13.6% and 22.4% respectively. More than half of the students use tobacco for social influence and cigarette was the major form of tobacco use. Majority (92.9%) of the students were generally aware of the fact that tobacco use has adverse effects on health but, the knowledge of the specific side effects was relatively low especially among current users. More than a quarter of the attempted quitters (n=68) sought advice about quitting from friends rather than health professionals.
Conclusion: Knowledge of the specific hazards of tobacco use was low, especially among current users of tobacco. This study, there is an urgent need for education on tobacco and the initiation of cessation campaigns among the youths. Education on the ill-effects of unhealthy lifestyle such as tobacco use should be incorporated into secondary school curriculum. Oral health professionals, as major stakeholders, should be fully involved in these campaigns
Dental anxiety among patients visiting a University Dental Centre
No full textObjective: Fearful individuals often avoid care despite extensive dental needs and anxious patients feel more pain and of longer duration than less anxious patients. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with dental anxiety among patients visiting a University Dental Centre in Nigeria.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted using an anonymous structured questionnaire randomly administered to patients attending the University College Hospital Dental Centre, Ibadan. The questionnaire requested for socio-demographic data, dental visit behaviour, history of traumatic dental treatment and level of apprehension when anticipating a visit to the dentist and physician. The level of dental anxiety was determined using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). An MDAS score of 19 and above indicated high dental anxiety. Upon examination, DMFT of each patient was determined.
Result: A total of 471 respondents of which 262 (55.6%) were females participated in the study. Only 7.43% of the participants had MDAS score ≥19. About 10% of the females had high dental anxiety compared with 4.94% recorded for the males (p=0.01). Dental anxiety was more common among the younger age group, irregular oral health care seekers and among those with history of traumatic dental treatment. The respondents were more relaxed when anticipating a visit to a physician. Only gender could be used to predict high dental anxiety. Female gender significantly displayed high dental anxiety (odd ratio=3.05 and p=0.04) . The mean DMFT score for the patients was 2.48±3.30.
Conclusion: The prevalence of dental anxiety among the respondents in this study was 7.43% and only gender could be used to predict dental anxiety
Crown dilacerations - Two case reports
No full textCrown dilaceration is a relatively abnormal clinical finding when compared to root dilacerations. The incidence of crown dilacerations is stated to be as low as 3%. This report presents two cases of crown dilacerations in two different locations. A brief review of the literature pertinent to the condition, and the clinical and radiological features of this rarer entity are discussed
Knowledge of ethical obligations amongst dental house officers and final year dental students.
No full textObjective: To assess graduating dental students and house officers\u27 perception as regards to protection and management of patient\u27s clinical information.
Method: This descriptive cross-sectional survey among the entire graduating dental students and house officers in a Teaching Hospital in the Southern part of Nigeria was conducted between August and September, 2010. The self-administered questionnaire sought answers to required patient information, patient information management, handling of patient, legal obligation to patient and the communication channel between patient and a third party.
Result: The overall response rate was 87.6%. Out of the 85 respondents, 61 (71.8%) and 24 (28.2%) were dental students and house officers respectively. House Officers exhibited significantly better knowledge of identifiable patient information, confidentiality of patient information, taking custody of hospital care notes and mode of release of detailed information concerning child care to non-attending father than the dental students (P<0.05 ). House officers also exhibited better, though, not-significant knowledge in release of information about HIV- infected husband to the spouse than dental students. Dental students exhibited better knowledge in data storage area, release of patient information to colleagues and police than the House officers.
Conclusion: There was overall poor knowledge on the protection of patient data and relevant clinical information. However, experience in dental practice appeared to have resulted in the differences noted in the protection and management of patient\u27s clinical information among graduating dental students and house officers
Clinical options for mandibular reconstruction: A review
No full textThis paper reviewed the different clinical options for reconstruction of segmental defects of the mandible. The options reviewed included no reconstruction; the use of prosthetic implants (alloplasts); autogenous bone grafts; combination of allopplasts with autografts; free pedicled compound grafts;combination of homografts and autografts; distraction osteogenesis; and tissue engineering. The goal, objectives, criteria for success of autogenous and alloplastic reconstructions were highlighted as well as the factors that may influence the choice of a particular method
A cephalometric assessment of the nasolabial angle of an adult Nigerian population
No full textObjective: One of the most important components of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning is an evaluation of the patient\u27s soft tissue profile. An assessment of the nasolabial angle is a vital component of this evaluation. The purpose of this study was to establish norms for the nasolabial angle of an adult Nigerian population; compare the male and female values and to compare the values obtained for Nigerians with those reported for other populations.
Method: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of one hundred students (44 males and 56 females) of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos, aged 18-25years were taken. Selected subjects were of Nigerian ancestry with normal occlusion. The radiographs were manual ly t raced and the nasolabial angle of each subject measured.
Result: A mean value of 84.35° +13.71° was computed for the entire sample. No statistically significant difference was observed between the male and female values (p>0.05), although 0 0 the males recorded a lower nasolabial angle (83.70 ) than the females (85.28 ).The nasolabial angle recorded in this study was similar to that reported for South African blacks, but much lower than that reported for Caucasian populations.Conclusion: The mean nasolabial angle of 84.35 + 13.71 was observed in the Nigerian population studied. Sexual differences were not observed; however, the values observed in this study differ from that reported for Caucasians and other racial groups
Primary oral malignant melanoma - A case report
Get PDFMelanoma arising from mucosal surfaces of the head and neck is a very rare neoplasm and it is considered among the most deadly of all human neoplasms. Although skin melanomas comprise 1.3% of all cancers, oral malignant melanoma accounts for only 0.2 to 8% of all reported melanomas, common sites of occurrence being palate and maxillary gingiva. Due to its presence at relatively obscure areas in the oral cavity, most oral malignant melanomas are diagnosed at a late stage and are associated with poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is essential for successful treatment and perhaps the key factor in improving the prognosis of oral malignant melanoma. This paper reports a case of a 42year old woman with primary malignant melanoma at a rare site, the left retromolar region involving the left side of the mandible, up to level IV ipsilateral cervical lymph nodes. The patient was treated with left hemimandibulectomy with radical neck dissection and was followed up for two years and 3months without any local recurrence or distant metastasis. It is suggested that any pigmented lesion that are suspected of undergoing changes in their clinical appearance should be biopsied
Opinions of a selected population of Nigerian dental surgeons on the preferred management of unerupted maxillary canines
No full textObjective: To assess the survey opinions of Dental Surgeons working in one of the Nigerian Teaching Hospitals on their preferred management of unerupted maxillary canines.
Method: The setting was the Dental Centre, University College Hospital, Ibadan. The participants were 46 Dental Surgeons working within the selected Teaching Hospital. The instrument of study was a questionnaire which consisted of 10 open ended questions, for information on questionnaire, sociodemographic characteristics. Data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed and frequencies were generated.
Result: Four main types of treatment were preferred by participants: 23(54.7%) of the dental surgeons preferred alignment with orthodontic treatment to all other forms of management, 12(28.6%) preferred surgical extraction, 5 (11%) preferred transplantation and 2 (4%) preferred observation and monitoring .
Conclusion: Opinions of dental surgeons surveyed indicated that most dental surgeons would prefer orthodontic alignment of the unerupted maxillary canine above other dental treatment
Alveolar ridge preservation and biologic width management for perioaesthetics- A case report
No full textAlveolar bone atrophy is a chronically progressive, irreversible process which results in bone loss in both the buccal, lingual and apico-coronal region. Without bone preservation measures, bone resorption is experienced and continues for life. Preservation of alveolar ridge is indicated when a tooth-supported fixed partial denture will rehabilitate the area. Authors report a case wherein alveolar ridge was preserved and simultaneously biologic width violation was corrected. An excellent aesthetic outcome was achieved and the patient was satisfied with the case resolution. Ridge preservation is an easy procedure to perform and almost always, results are predictable. It provides a good esthetic and functional benefit to the patient and the clinician