282 research outputs found
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A pilot survey of impression materials and techniques used by dentists in the fabrication of fixed indirect restorations
No full textObjective: To assess the choice of impression material and impression technique used by Nigerian dentists for the fabrication of cast restoration.
Method: A self administered questionnaire was distributed to dentists present at two national dental meeting held at Abuja and Lagos in 2011. The questionnaire assessed their choice of impression materials and technique.
Result: Fifty one out of 70 questionnaires were returned filled giving a response rate of 73%. There were 54.9% of the respondents who reported addition curing silicone impression as their first choice material for cast restorations, while 27.4% use alginate as first choice impression. The use of stock plastic trays by the respondents was significantly higher than metal and custom trays. Two-third of the respondents poured their impressions within one hour. All the respondents poured alginate impression after 15 minutes. A significantly high percentage (76%) of the respondents did not retract the free gingival before taking impression. Conclusion: The use of alginate impressions to produce cast restorations was common among the respondents. Since no previous study has documented the use of alginate to produce accurate fitting cast restorations, there is need to investigate the accuracy of alginate impressions in a clinical setting
The multidisciplinary approach to the management toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome (TENS) – a case report
No full textToxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome (TENS) is a severe idiosyncratic reaction, most commonly triggered by medications, and characterized by fever and mucocutaneous lesions leading to necrosis and sloughing of the epidermis. A case of TENS in a sixteen year old boy following polypharmacy is presented. Complete haematological and biochemical tests were carried out and management was symptomatic. This report shows the multidisciplinary approach to the management and highlights the role of the dental surgeon in the management. It concludes that multidisciplinary approach to healthcare provision will be of benefit to the recipients and suggests that awareness be created on drug use and pharmacovigilance
A C T 91 Intraoral penetrating injury from a long metallic foreign body: a case report
No full textChildren often play with sharp objects in their mouths without knowing the injurious effects of such action. These objects can accidentally cause severe injury to oro-pharyngeal tissues. Timely removal of such objects is essential to prevent life threatening complications. This paper presents a case of an intraoral penetrating injury in a 5 year old patient caused by a long metallic foreign object. The foreign body was successfully removed by meticulous exploration through the existing wound. Educational measures such as enlightening the parents and guardians on the importance of keeping dangerous materials from the reach of their children may be necessary. The need to immediately bring such patients to the hospital for expert management in case of inadvertent injury and also to comply with follow-up appointments is also essential
Periodontal and gingival changes amongst pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria
No full textObjective: To assess the periodontal and gingival changes during different stages of pregnancy among women in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital.
Method : Fifty three pregnant women attending the ante-natal clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, (LUTH), were included in the study while, 53 non- pregnant with mean age 29.40 ± 3.8years, and apparently healthy women with mean age 30.96 ±2.3years served as the control. Periodontal and oral hygiene status were assessed using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) and the Simplified Oral Hygiene (OHI-S) Indices respectively.
Result: There were a higher number of sextants with gingival bleeding and shallow pockets among the pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy compared to that of the non-pregnant women. The number of sextants with gingival bleeding and shallow pocket however reduced post partum. Thus, in the pregnant women the mean number of sextants with gingival bleeding was 0.9 in 1st trimester, 1.4 in the 2nd trimester, 1.0 in the 3rd trimester and 0.1 postpartum. The mean number of sextants with pocket (code 3) was 0.1 in the 1st trimester, 0.4 in the 2nd trimester, 0.3 in the in 3rd trimester & 0.1 postpartum. Whereas in the non- pregnant group, the mean no of sextants with gingival bleeding was 0.6 at the 1st examination ,0.5 at the 2nd examination and 0.4 at the 3rd examinations and the mean number of sextants with pocket was 0.1at the 1st examination, 0.2 at the 2nd and 3rd examination. The mean OHI-S score of pregnant women increased from 2.36 ± 0.91 at the beginning of the study to 3.03±0.72 at the end of the study. While the score of the control group increased from 2.06±1.1 to 2.65±0.99.
Conclusion: The OHI-S score, gingival bleeding and pockets were higher in the pregnant than in the non –pregnant women. It is suggested that pregnant women should have routine dental check-up and early management of periodontal disease through adequate plaque control
An assessment of the role of government health related policies in improving the oral health status of Nigerians
No full textAchieving good oral health is now considered an important component of good health for any population and the inclusion of an oral health component in national health policies is a good strategy for promoting oral health. This paper sought to examine the existing health-related policies of the Nigerian government in order to determine the position accorded oral health within the policy framework and to determine the role of these policies in improving the oral health status of Nigerians. A detailed search of electronic sources and Nigerian government documents to identify the major health related policies of the government in the last decade was conducted. The policies identified and analysed were the Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s), Vision 20:2020, National Economic Empowerment and Development strategy (NEEDS), the seven point agenda and the primary health care policy. The analysis from this report indicates an exclusion of oral health from the framework of most of the policies designed by the Nigerian government. The most important barrier identified for excluding oral health is the inability of the oral health workforce to influence the policy process in Nigeria since policymaking is largely a political issue. Oral healthcare professionals in Nigeria need to be actively engaged in the politics of policymaking in order to promote the inclusion of oral health in the health related policies of government. This should stimulate positive action concerning oral health in the Nigerian polity
Ectopic molar in the maxillary antrum presenting as recurrent maxillary sinusitis and halitosis
No full textEctopic eruption of teeth into the maxillary sinus is a rare phenomenon and can present in a variety of ways such as chronic or recurrent sinusitis, sepsis, nasolacrimal duct obstruction, headaches, osteomeatal complex and halitosis. However most cases are asymptomatic and are only discovered by chance especially through panoramic A case of a 29 year old female who presented with a 5 year history of chronic sinusitis and halitosis radiography who had done several periapical x-rays and had used various antibiotics to no effect. An ectopic tooth was discovered through an OPG and with removal of the tooth all symptoms subsided
Age at referral for first orthodontic consultation in a Nigerian Hospital
No full textObjective: To determine the age at referral for first orthodontic consultation at the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria.
Method: A retrospective audit study carried out between January 01 and December 30, 2009 at the Orthodontic Unit of the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria. Data for patients diagnosed with at least one form of malocclusion were retrieved from the patients record held by the unit. Patients whose initial orthodontic consultation was between January 01, 2009 and December 30, 2009 were included. The age of each patient at referral was calculated using the patient’s date of birth.
Result: A total of 103 patients attended the clinic during the period of study. The patients’ age ranged from 6 to 44 years. The mean age at referral was 13.3±1.2 years. Only 4.0% of the patients were referred in the early mixed dentition stage between 7and 9 years, 96.0% of patients were referred at either the primary or early permanent dentition stage.
Conclusion: Majority of patients seen at the orthodontic clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan, were not referred at the appropriate age for their first orthodontic consultation
Diagnostic and treatment dilemma of gingival enlargement: a report of 3 cases
No full textGingival enlargement is a common feature of periodontal disease which is occasionally associated with medication use for systemic conditions such as hypertension and epilepsy. However, other local and systemic factors have been implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of this condition which could pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians. This paper presents the management of three cases of gingival enlargement recently seen at the Dental Centre of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos. The association of unusual secondary aetiological factors is emphasized
Diagnosis and clinical management of teeth with vertical root fractures: a literature review
No full textThe diagnosis of vertical root fracture (VRF) is at times complicated for lack of specific signs, symptoms and/or radiographic features. It constitutes an important threat to the tooth’s prognosis during and after root canal therapy and may result in root or tooth extraction. Early detection and management of VRF remain a vexing issue that has caused needless stress for both the dentist and the patient. This paper presents an overview of the prevalence and multifactorial aetiology of VRF, the clinical and radiographic features of this disorder, the importance of correct diagnosis and treatment options available for both anterior and posterior teeth. An exhaustive review of literature was done using Medline to bring out various etiologic factors, clinical presentations, radiographic features and treatment alternatives available for VRF. There are, however, many specific clinical and radiological signs which when present, can alert clinicians to the existence of a fracture. Even though VRF are commoner in endodontically treated teeth, its occurrence in non-restored teeth has been described. Clinical signs and symptoms vary according to the position of the fracture, tooth type, duration after fracture, periodontal condition of the tooth and architecture of the bone adjacent to the fracture. The radiographic appearance of teeth with VRF is variable depending on the angulation of X-ray beam in relation to the plane of the fracture, the time after fracture and the degree of separation of the root fragments. It is important to recognize the sometimes subtle findings in VRF so that patient can be properly informed about the prognosis and the potential for successful treatment in affected tooth\teeth
Knowledge and awareness of orthodontics among Nigerian school children in selected private and public schools in Lagos
No full textObjective: This study sought to assess the knowledge and awareness of Nigerian adolescents concerning orthodontics, to determine possible factors influencing their knowledge of orthodontics as well as to find out if socioeconomic status has any effect on their knowledge and awareness.
Method: This cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire based study was conducted in two secondary schools (one private and one public) in Lagos State.
Result: A total of 408 students, participated in the study of which only 98 (24.0%) had ever heard the term ‘orthodontics’, and of this number only 16 could correctly explain the meaning of the term orthodontics. Majority of the respondents with correct responses attended a private school. Significantly more of the private school students correctly identified that orthodontists are involved in rearranging the teeth (p=0.006) and not involved in cleaning the teeth (p=0.008). There was a significant difference in the knowledge of the students from the public and private school concerning the impact of malocclusion on speech (p=0.002) and appearance (p=0.000). The overall orthodontic knowledge is deficient. However knowledge was better among the children from the private school compared to those from the public school. The results obtained from this study, clearly show that there is need to provide oral health education especially to improve the orthodontic knowledge of these adolescents especially about malocclusion and its consequences. It is expected that this would improve their knowledge and consequently increase the demand for and the uptake of the available orthodontic services