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Teaching, learning and usage of Rubber Dam in Clinical Practice
No full textIntroduction: The teaching, learning and practice of rubber dam use are incorporated into dental schools\u27 curricula all over the world. Its usage in operative dentistry and endodontics is highly recommended. Its merits include moisture control and soft tissue retraction leading to better access and visualization of teeth. It also enhances cooperation among children. However, previous studies had shown very low usage of rubber dam by post doctoral dentists. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of teaching, learning and usage of rubber dam during undergraduate studies on the frequency of use of rubber dam post-graduation.
Materials and methods: This survey was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out amongst dentists working with private, federal and state governments\u27 hospitals in Lagos State. A convenient simple random sampling was used to select the participants. Newly structured self administered questionnaires were used. They were mostly closed with a few open ended questions. The questionnaires contained fifteen questions based on biodata, knowledge and usage of rubber dam in clinical practices. These were fully completed and returned by consented respondents. Data collected were analyzed by Statisitical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 20 edition. Univariate analysis was done using frequency, percentages, and chart while bivariate analysis was carried out by cross tabulation of categorical variables with Chi-square, p-value ≤0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.
Results: The total number of respondents was 135 consisting of 50 males and 85 females. Of the 135 respondents, only 8(5.9%) routinely used rubber dam, which is in contrast to 120 (88.9%) and 127(94.1%) that had high knowledge on rubber dam and its merits respectively. Reasons for non-usage included non availability of rubber dam kit in hospital 120(94.5%) and lack of skills 11(8.7%). Test of association showed that knowledge of rubber dam system was significantly affected by age of respondents (p-value =0.001), designation (p-value=0.008) and years of experience (p-value= 0.010). In addition, use of rubber dam was significantly different based on respondents designation.
Conclusion: The usage of rubber dam amongst dentists working with the federal and state governments in Lagos State was very low in spite of their high knowledge on its merits. Therefore, there is the need to develop a culture of rubber dam use in clinical practice amongst dentists.
 
Oral Health-Related Awareness, Practices (Attitude) and Determination of the Level of Awareness of Periodontal Disease Risk among Diabetic Patients
No full textBackground: A comprehensive knowledge about the mutual influence between diabetes and periodontitis is decisive for the successful treatment of both diseases. The present study aimed at assessing the level of awareness of the relationship between diabetes and periodontitis among the diabetic patients.Material and Methods: This survey was conducted among one hundred and fifty two diabetic patients who were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique. Participants completed a self-administered, structured questionnaire each after obtaining institutional ethical approval. Descriptive statistics and frequency distributions were used for demographic variables and chi squared test was used when comparing categorical data. Statistical significance was determined as p<0.05.Results: The knowledge of diabetes on their increased risk for oral diseases was low. Only 49.8% of the sample population knew about the mutual relationship between diabetes and periodontitis. Their attitude towards maintaining good oral health was also not up to the desired standard. Among the participants, only 63.2%, 11.8% and 15.8% brushed their teeth once daily, used dental floss regularly and visited the dentist once yearly respectively.Conclusion: There is an insufficient knowledge among the study group about the mutual relationship between diabetes and periodontitis. This lack of knowledge emphasized the need for more information about oral health care in patients with diabetes mellitus.
 
Restorative Management of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta in an adult - A case report
No full textDentinogenesis Imperfecta is a localized mesodermal dysplasia affecting both the primary and permanent dentition. First described in the late 19th century, it is characterized by discolored and translucent teeth ranging from grey to brownish-blue or amber. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta, type II (DGI-2) is rare and it is a severe form of the condition. Radiographically, the crowns of the teeth are bulbous with marked cervical constrictions, and the pulp chambers become obliterated over a period of time. Sensori-neural hearing loss has also been reported in some patients. This case report presents the restorative management of DGI-2 in a 44year old clergy woman whose primary complaints were poor aesthetics and lack of social acceptance. The case was managed with consideration of the patient\u27s limited financial resources at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja (LASUTH). The objective of the management of this condition was to open the bite of the patient using maxillary posterior bite plane followed by intermediate restoration of worn teeth using composite resin for the newly established occlusion. The patient used the restorations for a while before definitive restorations, using ceramo-metal crowns as well as over dentures, were carried out. The restorative treatments corrected the patient´s vertical dimension of occlusion with resultant acceptable aesthetics and function. The patient was satisfied with maxillary anterior ceramo-metal crowns and a posterior removable over denture as well as a complete mandibular over denture.
 
Oral self-care practices and attendance pattern at a secondary care facility in Lagos State
No full textIntroduction: Oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, oropharyngeal cancers, and maxillofacial trauma are public health problems in both developed and developing countries. In spite of advances in dentistry over the last few decades, a large part of the population put off seeking dental care until they experience significant pain and discomfort. The aim of this study was to determine the self-care behaviours of patients before presenting in the dental clinic the pattern of dental care utilisation and its association with their socio-demographic characteristics.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Ajeromi General Hospital, Lagos state, Nigeria. A total of 212 questionnaires was administered on respondents who met the set inclusion criteria. Information obtained included socio-demographic data, current oral health problems, oral self-care practices in the previous year and the reasons for avoidance of dental treatment.Result: Most of the study participants (58.5%) had never visited the dentist before and the majority of them (72.2%) were involved in self-care practices. The major reasons given by the subjects for not attending dental clinics regularly were the fear of dentists or dental treatment (34.9%), high cost of treatment (34.9%), difficulty in accessing a dental clinic (17.0%) and tolerable pain (7.5%). The age, marital status, educational level, alcohol intake and tobacco use were factors that were significantly associated with delayed visit to dentist in this study. Respondents that were <30 years old, single, with primary or secondary level education and those that smoke and consume alcohol were less likely to visit the dentist.Conclusion: There is an urgent need to empower dental patients to overcome the barriers that are responsible for their avoidance of dental clinics and their recourse to self-care practices.
 
An Audit of the Histopathological Pattern of Ameloblastoma in Kano, Nigeria
No full textObjective: To describe the spectrum, frequency, age and sex distribution of ameloblastomas seen in Kano, as well as compare the findings with previous studies done in Nigeria, Africa and other parts of the world.
Materials and Methods: This was a 5 year retrospective study from 2nd January, 2010 to 31st December, 2014 of all ameloblastomas diagnosed at the pathology department of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
Results: Sixty four cases of ameloblastomas were diagnosed during the five year study period with a male to female ratio of 2:1. The ages ranged from 16 to 75 years (mean age of 33.4) and relative peak age of incidence occurred in the 40 - 49 years group. Solid/Multicystic type accounted for majority (57 cases, 89.1%) of ameloblastomas followed by unicystic variant (5 cases,7.8%), while the desmoplastic and peripheral variants comprising the remaining 2 cases (3.1%). The mandible was the commonest site of involvement accounting for 57cases(89.1%), while maxilla and alveolar mucosa accounted for 6 cases (9.4%) and 1case (1.6%) respectively.
Conclusion: This study showed that ameloblastoma has significant male predilection and affecting predominantly patients in the third to fifth decades. It revealed a higher incidence of solid/multicystic ameloblastomas over unicystic variants. The demographic and histological features are similar to reports from other parts of Nigeria and elsewhere.
 
Dentigerous cyst associated with a supernumerary tooth in the maxillary incisal region – a case report
No full textDentigerous cysts are defined as developmental odontogenic cysts, which surround the crown of an impacted tooth. It is caused by fluid accumulation between the reduced enamel epithelium and the enamel surface, resulting in a cyst with the tooth crown located within the lumen. This paper reviews the pathogenesis, clinical features and the behaviour of dentigerous cyst. It also presents a case of a slow growing, painless swelling in the maxillary incisal region of 3 years duration. Detailed clinical, radiological and histopathological investigations aided the definitive diagnosis of dentigerous cyst. The cystic mass was enucleated with the impacted tooth in situ under local anesthesia. The operative site healed uneventfully and a removable partial denture was fabricated to improve aesthetics, speech and masticatory function.
 
COVID -19 and the Practice of Oral Medicine
No full textThe pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) raises important concern to the practice of Oral Medicine. The practitioners of Oral Medicine are usually in close contact with the patient\u27s biological specimens and it is important that the Oral Medicine teams should be protected from the risk of COVID disease. Every effort should be made by OM practitioners to ensure that new biosafety measures are mastered to reduce the spread of the novel virus and other viral agent spreading diseases.
 
Fibrous Dysplasia and Ossifying Fibroma - Solving the Diagnostic Dilemma
No full textoai:ojs2.nigeriandentaljournal.ng:article/5Fibrous dysplasia (FD) and Ossifying fibroma (OF) of the jaws belong to a group of lesions called benign fibro-osseous lesions of the craniofacial skeleton (BFOL). This group of intraosseous disease processes which are comparable in their microscopic features are characterized by hypercellular fibroblastic stroma containing various combinations of bone or cementum-like tissue and other calcified structures. Of these lesions, FD and OF are the most closely related, and although FD is recognized as a harmatomatous lesion and OF a tumour, these lesions are difficult to distinguish both clinically and histologically from each other. This review of current literature aims to highlight emerging features clinically, genetically and histologically that can help in distinguishing these two lesions.
 
Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Oral Healthcare Services
No full textObjectives: To assess the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on patient attendance at the dental clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan and to make recommendations on how the oral healthcare services can adapt and evolve practices to appropriately care for increasing patients\u27 load following the ease of lockdown.Materials and Methods: The attendance records of patients in the second quarter of 2019 and 2020 was retrieved from the medical records department of the Dental clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan and reviewed. Data collected included age, gender and the specialty clinic attended. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Frequencies and meanage were calculated and comparison of attendance was done using the student t test.Results: Three thousand, six hundred and seventy patients were seen in the second quarter of 2019 while 1276 were attended to during the same period in 2020. This showed a 66% decrease in clinic attendance in the period under review with reduction of 86.99% and 26.28% in April and June of these years respectively. The reduction in the attendance in the second quarter of 2019compared to the second quarter of 2020 was statistically significant (p=0.002).Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic is still a major public health concern that may still persist for some time therefore preventative measures are necessary to curtail the spread of this viral disease. Dental practitioners have an important role in this global fight for preventing the transmission of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and must be trained ready for this role. It isrecommended that pragmatic approaches including standard infection prevention and control measures must be strictly adhered to in the oral health care settings to mitigate the spread of infection.
 
