European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
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Development and Numerical Simulations of a Mathematical Model of the Hepatitis B Virus Transmission Dynamics and Control in Nigeria
Get PDFIn the work, we developed and numerically simulate a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics and control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Nigeria, incorporating faithfulness, condom usage and treatment. Numerical simulations revealed that faithfulness for sexually active individuals is the best strategy that can be used to control the transmission of HBV, it is better to remain faithful than to use condom. Thus, we recommend that all sexually active individuals in Nigeria should remain faithful. 
Exploring Stakeholder Perceptions and Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence Integration in Occupational Health and Safety Practices: A Survey-based Analysis
Get PDFThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in occupational health and safety (OHS) practices has garnered increasing attention in the context of Industry 4.0. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the implications of AI on workplace safety, aiming to elucidate stakeholders' perceptions, attitudes, and experiences. Through a structured survey methodology and rigorous qualitative data analysis, data were collected from a diverse sample of 300 participants representing various industries and occupational backgrounds. The findings reveal nuanced perspectives on AI's impact on workplace safety practices, ranging from perceived effectiveness in hazard identification to concerns regarding adaptability to changing regulations and ethical considerations. The study underscores the importance of ethical conduct, informed decision-making, and collaborative efforts in harnessing the transformative potential of AI while ensuring worker well-being. This research contributes to the discourse on responsible AI deployment and fosters dialogue among stakeholders towards advancing a holistic approach to OHS in the digital age. 
Designing an Ultrasonic Glasses for Blind People
Get PDFA prototype ultrasonic glasses for blind people is developed in this project. The prototype consists of an ultrasonic sensor, a microcontroller, conventional glasses, two vibration motors, two rubber pipes, and a curved tube. The ultrasonic sensor acts as the distance measurement device to find an object in front of the user. This proposed device utilizes two vibration motors which are located on the left and right sides of the glasses. If the obstacle is on the right side of the blind person, the motor on the right side will turn on. Otherwise, if the obstacle is on the left side, then the left vibration motor will be turned on. Corresponding to the vibration motor, the rubber pipes will vibrate. Finally, the user will realize that the object exists with the vibration of the motor and the rubber pipes. With the help of the device, blind people will be safe and comfortable while walking and working. 
Influence of Psychological Variables on Senior Secondary School Students’ Performance in Volumetric Analysis in Ondo State
Get PDFThis study investigated the influence of psychological and variables on senior secondary school students’ performance in volumetric analysis in Ondo State. The research especially investigated the impact of psychological factors (attitude towards volumetric analysis, self-esteem, anxiety, and motivation) on the performance of senior secondary school pupils in volumetric analysis. The research used a descriptive survey design. The research population consisted of 4,675 senior secondary two students from public senior secondary schools in Ekiti State during the 2021/2022 academic year. The research sample included 300 Senior Secondary School Two (SSS II) students recruited from the three senatorial districts in Ondo State. A multi-stage sampling approach using a basic random technique was used to choose the sample for the investigation. Two sets of instruments labelled "Performance in Volumetric Analysis Test (PVAT)" and "Influence of Psychological Variables on Students’ Performance in Volumetric Analysis Questionnaire (IPVSPVAQ)" were used for the investigation. Two instruments received validation from specialists, with PVAT and IPVSPVAQ demonstrating reliability coefficients of 0.91 and 0.87, respectively. The data were examined using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics of percentage, standard deviation and histogram were utilised to answer the study questions while the inferential statistics including correlation matrix, Multiple Regression and t-test were employed to assess the hypotheses. All the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The research demonstrated that self-esteem, anxiety, attitude and motivation are psychological factors impacting senior secondary school students’ performance in volumetric analysis. It was also found out that there was considerable effect of psychological factors on senior secondary school students’ performance in volumetric analysis. It was indicated that there is need to expose students to the impact of psychological variable on their academic performance in Chemistry in order to be able to be improved in their academic performance. 
In Vitro Study with Addition of Different Levels of Melissa on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics, Digestibility and Methane Production
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding Melissa aromatic plant at 0%, 8%, and 10% from the total dry matter (DM) In the middle of the nursery for the liquid rumen model in the laboratory . A mixture ration of 200 mg of concentrate and roughage (80:20) was added to a syringe bottle, where rumen fluid with artificial saliva were pipetted in and incubated at 39°C to assess organic matter and dry matter digestibility, total gas and methane production, and rumen fermentation characteristics. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the treatments of all levels of lemon balm when using different levels of concentrated feed to roughage, which may be due to the lack of effect of these levels of addition on the activity of microorganisms in digesting dry matter and organic matter and the Total gas production and methane gas in this study. 
Distribution of Heavy Metals in Surface Water and Sediments of Mini-Ngulo Stream in Isiokpo Ikwerre Local Government Area Rivers State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study of heavy metal distribution in surface water and sediment for the Mini-Ngulo Stream in Isiokpo, Rivers State was carried out due to the economic significance. The water samples were collected adhering to water safety standards including sieving, drying, acid digestion and measurements.The heavy metal levels were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy-Agilent sps 4 models MY17090001 with appropriate lamps and standards (AS/NZS5667, 1999). The results of heavy metal levels in the stations ranged from 0.054± 0.08 to 1.079 ± 1.26mg/l for zinc, BDL to 0.003 ± 0.004mg/l for cadmium, BDL for nickel, 0.031± 0.051 to 0.168 ± 0.202mg/l for lead, 0.431± 0.438 to 0.589 ± 0.766mg/l for manganese and 0.042 ± 0.158 to 0.249 ± 0.407mg/l for chromium. The distribution pattern indicates that the concentration of manganese and chromium were high across the different stations. Relatively higher concentrations of heavy metals in the sediment as against the surface water were indicative of overtime pollution of the river and confirmation of the sediment as a sink for heavy metals especially for Cd, Ni, Mn and Cr.There is need to monitor the pollution load of this stream due to its economic importance to the residents of Isiokpo and its environs. 
Application of Management Matrix as Predictor of Principal’s Managerial Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools in Imo State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study investigated the application of management matrix as predictor of principals’ management effectiveness in public secondary schools in Imo State. The descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consists of 5,246 teachers of public secondary schools in the study area while the sampling size which was randomly chosen comprised 1,246 teachers. The instrument for the study was a 10 item structured questionnaire that consisted of two clusters. Cluster A dealt with the extent of the application of management matrix by principals of schools while cluster B was concerned with the factors that affect the application of management matrix in public secondary schools in the study area. The instrument was validated by three experts, two from the Department of Educational Management and Policy one from the Department of Education Foundations. All in the Faculty of Education. The reliability of the instrument was obtained through Cronback Alpha with cluster A weighing 0.76 and cluster B weighing 0.84, all having a weighted average of 0.80 which was considered high enough for the study. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The null hypotheses were rejected when the calculated p-value was less than 0.05 level of significance while it was accepted when the calculated p-value was higher than the 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the study showed among others that most principals are ignorant of the application of management matrix, as such their managerial effectiveness is not enhanced. It was therefore recommended that the Ministry of Education in the study area should expose the principals or heads of schools to the rudiments and application of management matrix. 
Global Assessment of Energy Consumption in Conventional Drinking Water Treatment Plants
Get PDFEfficiency and sustainability have been widely investigated in water supply systems. This study evaluates and reviews the energy consumption of conventional drinking water treatment processes globally. By presenting and quantifying the unit energy consumption per cubic meter of treated water across key process units such as coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and chemical disinfection, we provide insights into historical trends, operational benchmarks, and opportunities for energy efficiency improvements. The review combines data from international case studies, peer-reviewed journal papers and technical reports from 2000–2024. Our findings confirm that conventional systems are energy efficient compared to advanced processes while also highlighting auxiliary energy demands (e.g., pumping) that offer the potential for further optimisation. Finally, the paper discusses prospects for integrating renewable energy sources, particularly solar power, to enhance sustainability. The insights form a solid foundation for optimising existing systems and guiding future investments in water treatment infrastructure. 
Personality Traits and Study Skills among Junior High School Social Studies Students: Basis for Intervention Program
Get PDFThe study investigates the relationship between personality traits and study skills among Junior High School Social Studies students. Utilizing a quantitative correlational research design, data were gathered from 150 randomly selected students across five public high schools. The study employed adapted survey questionnaires based on the Big Five Personality Model and established study skills assessments to evaluate personality traits—specifically openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and sensitivity—and study skills, which included time management, concentration, information processing, reading comprehension, and test strategies. Results revealed a significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.55813, p = 0.0001) between personality traits and study skills, indicating that students who exhibit strong personality traits tend to develop effective study habits. However, regression analysis showed that personality traits accounted for only 31.17% of the variance in study skills, suggesting the influence of additional external factors such as learning environment, instructional quality, and social support systems. In response to these findings, the study proposes the Personality-Driven Study Skills Enhancement Program (PDSSEP), aimed at aligning students’ study strategies with their personality profiles to foster improved academic performance. The study concludes that personality traits play a key role in shaping study skills but emphasizes the importance of holistic interventions addressing other contributing factors. Further research is recommended to explore these additional influences to develop comprehensive academic support programs. 
The Challenges of Social Media on Peace in Somaliland: The Case of TikTok Platform
Get PDFThis study explores the impact of TikTok on social interactions and community dynamics in Somaliland. The platform serves as a medium for cultural expression, social activism, and community mobilization, enabling users to share traditional narratives, music, and dances, fostering a sense of shared identity. However, TikTok also has the potential to amplify societal divisions and conflicts by disseminating unverified information and polarizing content, exacerbating existing tensions. Generational differences in political perspectives and digital literacy can create friction among TikTok users. The study emphasizes the need for strategic engagement by community leaders, activists, and policymakers to promote responsible content creation, implement educational initiatives on media literacy, and encourage intergenerational dialogue to harness TikTok's potential for positive change