European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
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The Effect of Different Levels of Aqueous Pomegranate Peel Extract on the Physical Traits of Frozen Broiler Carcasses for Different Periods
No full textThe experiment laboratory of Production, Al-Muthanna University, the period from 30/3/2023 until 30/5/2023, 80 broiler birds (35 days) with similar weights. The study was conducted to determine the effect of aqueous extract of pomegranate peels (AEPP) on some physical characteristics of broiler carcasses stored for different periods. The experiment consisted of two factors: the first factor was the use of pomegranate peels aqueous extract at four levels, namely 0, 10.00, 20.00 and 30.00 ml/ L-1 DW. The second factor included storing meat from broiler meat for four periods, namely 0, 15, 30 and 45 days, at a temperature of -18°C. The results indicated that AEPP helm to a significant increase in the\WHC with a morally decrease in the trickle, thawing and CL. As for meat storage, increasing the duration of meat storage, especially at 45 days, led to a deterioration in the physical traits of broiler meat. The results also show that there was a significant effect of interaction among the treatments of AEPP and the duration of meat storage
Sidr Trees Between Windbreaks and Production
No full textThe Sidr tree (Ziziphus spina-christi L) constitutes a vital economic and environmental resource. From an economic perspective, it offers substantial contributions through its highly marketable, nutritious fruits, consumed fresh, and through its blossoms, which yields from premium grade Sidr honey of of nutritional high Furthermore, its leaves esteemed for their medicinal properties, are utilized in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations, whereas its durable wood is valued for trade and fuel. Ecologically, the Sidr tree plays a pivotal role in combating desertification and preserving ecological balance in its native regions. Its characteristics making it ideal species for enhancing fertility of the soil and preventing erosion. These multifunctional benefits underscore the necessity for its conservation and the development of its cultivation, establishing them fundamental component in environmental initiatives aimed at desertification control and the promotion of ecological balance
An Evaluation of Existing Measures and Interventions for Addressing Substance Abuse in the Public Sector: Evidence from Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania
No full textThis study evaluated existing measures and interventions addressing substance abuse in the public sector, with specific reference to Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. Guided by Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory, the research examined how personal, environmental, and behavioural factors influence substance use among employees. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews. A sample of 100 participants was drawn from a population of 4,798 public servants across multiple departments, using stratified random and purposive sampling techniques. Data were analysed through descriptive statistics, SPSS-based inferential analysis, and thematic analysis. Findings revealed that substance abuse is a visible and growing concern, with alcohol and marijuana being the most commonly abused substances. Substance abuse negatively impacted employee performance, contributing to absenteeism, lateness, misconduct, and productivity decline. Interventions reported were largely disciplinary in nature warnings, transfers, suspensions, or dismissals with limited rehabilitative or preventive programs. Awareness of interventions was low, and employees expressed demand for structured policies, confidential counselling, and workplace education. The study concludes that interventions in Morogoro Municipality are inadequate, reactive, and inconsistent. It recommends the development of comprehensive workplace policies, confidential support systems, budgetary allocations, and integration of government-led strategies
Cascading Risks and Adaptive Deficits: A Review of Climate Change Impacts on Pakistan’s Water Security
No full textThis review synthesizes the climate vulnerability and cascading risks to Pakistan’s water security, analyzing the convergence of physical changes and institutional weaknesses over the period from 2003 to 2023. Climate change in Pakistan is viewed as a risk multiplier that intensifies existing social and governance fragilities. The review identifies three converging physical stressors that accelerate cryospheric retreat, leading to the peak water paradox in the Indus River Basin (IRB); a divergence between observed streamflow declines and future model projections, which hampers planning; and increasing flood-drought whiplash, exemplified by the catastrophic 2022 monsoons. Significantly, groundwater depletion is primarily driven by unsustainable human extraction rather than climate-driven recharge deficits alone. Systemic vulnerability manifests as declining efficiency across the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus and an inability to manage complex trade-offs in reservoir management. These challenges are further magnified by an adaptive capacity deficit, characterized by ongoing policy implementation failures and the urgent need to modernize the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), whose assumptions of stable flow are now outdated. The review concludes by proposing an integrated, systems-based research agenda centered on Hydro-Agro-Economic modeling that dynamically links hydrology, socioeconomic drives (such as urbanization and energy markets), and governance. This shift is crucial for transitioning from reactive disaster response to proactive, evidence-based adaptation planning
The Efficacy of Irrigation Management Strategies in Alleviating Heat Stress-Induced Yield Loss in Rice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textClimate change has intensified heat stress events during critical rice growth stages, threatening global food security. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) irrigation strategies in mitigating heat stress-induced yield losses in rice. A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature published between 2010 and 2024 yielded 47 studies meeting inclusion criteria, encompassing 156 independent comparisons across diverse agroecological zones. Meta-analytical results indicate that AWD irrigation reduced yield losses under heat stress by 12.3% compared to continuous flooding, with mean yields of 6.8 t/ha versus 6.1 t/ha respectively. However, the efficacy of AWD varied significantly with stress timing, intensity, and cultivar type. During reproductive stage heat stress (>35°C for 3+ consecutive days), AWD demonstrated superior performance, maintaining 78% of potential yield compared to 68% under continuous flooding. The mechanism underlying this advantage involves enhanced root oxidative capacity, improved canopy temperature regulation through increased transpirational cooling, and maintained photosynthetic efficiency. Economic analysis revealed that AWD implementation provided a 15-18% reduction in water use while maintaining or improving yields under heat stress conditions. This meta-analysis provides robust evidence that strategic irrigation management, particularly AWD, represents a viable adaptation strategy for rice production systems facing increasing heat stress under climate change scenarios
Genetic Characteristics and Breeding Strategies of Muscovy Ducks (Cairina moschata) in Southern Iraq
No full textMuscovy duck production in Iraq is witnessing a significant increase in several governorates including the southern ones (Dhi Qar, Maysan, Basra). This presentation is an update of our knowledge regarding some of the genetic characteristics and methods of rearing broiler ducklings. As for genetics, we know a lot about the genes responsible for plumage coloration but relatively little about the variation of quantitative characteristics. Little However, the available data suggest that improvement through selection is possible, as with other poultry species. The main breeding criteria are summarized as well as nutritional requirements. An interesting feature of the Muscovy duck is its ability to adapt well to energy intake. Compared to the food it consumes, its protein and mineral requirements appear to be lower than those of chickens. However, in absolute terms, because ducks consume more, their requirements are similar
Contribution of Mining and Industrial Activities to Air Pollution in Zambia: A Review
No full textThis review focuses on evidence of impact of mining and industrial activities on air quality in Zambia. For about 120 years, sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM) released from the Copperbelt's copper mines have been the main sources of air pollution in Zambia, with legal immunity conferred to polluters in earlier years. Mining companies have remained reluctant, and are continuing to resist calls to comply with emission limits; audits reveal unacceptable levels of non-compliance. The dawn of mining diversification and the country's economy has brought forth cement, lime manufacturing, manganese processing, thermal power generation and steel manufacturing with concomitant emissions of metals, NOx, CO and Black carbon to air. Impacts on human health, mostly attributable to cardiorespiratory causes. Damaged ecosystems, acidification of soils, losses of biological species and toxic metals bioaccumulating on the food chain, advanced corrosion and damage to structures overtime are some of the environmental impacts. Pollution from the lead and manganese mines in Kabwe and Serenje, respectively, constitute acute pollution disasters. Though the country has a workable legal framework (Environmental Management Act), this is marred by lack of compliance and enforcement. We conclude that Zambia must invest in properly reading its air, actualizing compliance and enforcement, investing in clean technology, monitoring air quality, targeting front line health gestion, and solid waste management
Method Development and Validation for Aspirin Quantification in Tablets: A Stability Indicating Method with EMC-11 UV Application
Get PDFA simple, sensitive, specific, precise and cost effective UV spectrophotometric EMC-11 was used to developed and validated method for determination of Aspirin (ASP) in pharmaceutical formulation and biological fluid. The maximum absorption of Aspirin was shown at 300 nm using methanol as a solvent. The linear calibration curve of aspirin concentrations range (10-80 ppm) are shown to show the regression equation (Y= 0.0409x + 0.0015), and correlation Coefficient (R2 = 0.9995). %RSD showed an acceptable value for precision study less than 1%. Where LOD and LOQ value showed to be μg/mL and μg/mL, respectively. LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.02 and 0.08, respectively. Accuracy study showed good recovery 99.8% in locally commercial tablets. The present developed method was successfully applied for stability-indicating of Aspirin in pure and tablets dosage form. Stability-indicating study was investigated under acidic, alkaline, oxidative, photolytic and thermal conditions. According to the resultants it can be concluded that the validated method can be used in routine analysis of Aspirin in tablets dosage form, biological fluid and degradation study. 
Study of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) Tissues as an Indicator of Sustainable Development in Aquatic Environments
Get PDFThe study was conducted to determine the extent of heavy metal accumulation in aquatic organisms important for consumption and to assess the reflection of the aquatic environment in Wasit Governorate, Iraq. Samples were taken from three locations: the first from the river, the second from floating cages, and the third from earthen ponds, as these two systems are the most widespread for fish farming in Iraq.
The results showed that the gill tissues were the most affected by the environment due to their direct contact with the aquatic surroundings. It was observed that the accumulation rates of these elements in fish muscle tissues were the lowest compared to liver and gill tissues. All concentrations were within the permissible limits for human consumption. The results can help predict the state of the aquatic environment in Iraq and work towards the sustainable development of water and animal resources. 
Transforming Waste into Opportunity: Tackling Municipal Solid Waste Challenges in Buanbuawuha Sub-City, Dessie, Ethiopia
Get PDFMunicipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is a global problem, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia, where inadequate infrastructure and poor practices exacerbate environmental and public health challenges. In Dessie, Buanbuawuha sub-city, rapid urbanization has strained MSWM systems, causing environmental hazards. A mixed-methods approach gathered data, capturing insights on current MSWM system. Geographic Information System (GIS) mapped the spatial distribution of illegal municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal practices across sub-city areas. Key findings indicate that average MSW generation rate is approximately 0.53 kg/person/day, which would result in 22,470 tons MSW per year in Buanbuawha sub-city. Organic waste constitutes over 40% of the total waste generated, highlighting its significant share in the MSW stream. Notably, more than 80% of the MSW produced in the area has the potential for reuse, either as recyclable material or as a source of energy. Open dumping remains a prevalent issue, with over 78% of households disposing of MSW in ditches and along roadsides. Only about 21% of households have access to formal communal collection services, and even then, 63.2% of them reported irregular collection schedules, just once a week. The lack of adequate MSWM caused the proliferation of 18 illegal and permanent dumping sites throughout the sub-city. This study highlights the urgent need for strategic investments in MSWM. By integrating sustainable practices and promoting resource recovery, Buanbuawuha can transform waste from an environmental threat into an asset, fostering resilience and enhancing public well-being.