European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
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Shortage Analysis and Strategies for the Water Resource in Saudi Arabia under the Rapid Development of the Tourism Industry
Get PDFThis study evaluates water sustainability in Saudi Arabia amid expanding tourism using a mixed-methods approach. Primary data were collected through surveys targeting 150 stakeholders in water management and tourism, while secondary data were sourced from official reports. Quantitative analysis revealed significant challenges, with an average daily per capita water consumption of 299 liters and severe stress in regions like Riyadh and Jeddah. Groundwater quantity for 2022 was recorded at 1.48 km³, and desalinated water production totaled 1.95 km³, revealing a supply-demand gap of 1.82 km³. The correlation analysis indicated a significant positive relationship (r=0.440) between tourism growth and water demand. Survey results showed 70% of respondents reported no difficulties in accessing clean water during Hajj, while 30% indicated occasional issues. Stakeholders emphasized the need for integrating renewable energy with desalination to reduce operational costs and carbon emissions. The study recommends enhancing Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology with solar energy to improve sustainability and efficiency, aligning with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. These findings highlight the necessity for sustainable water management strategies to balance economic growth with resource sustainability, guiding policymakers in developing effective practices for future water security. 
“There is a Silver Lining”: Surviving Intimate Partner Violence through the Eyes of Older Women in Arkansas
Get PDFOne in four women in the United States report experiencing domestic violence / intimate partner violence (IPV), and nearly 45% of African American/Black women reported experiencing this issue (D’Inverno, et al., 2019). Regrettably, African American/Black women represent 31% of domestic violence fatalities and are more than three times more likely than Caucasian/White women to be killed by an intimate partner.
Violence against women and intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major societal and public health concern nationally and internationally (Costa, & Barros, 2016; Pereira, & Gaspar, 2021; Renner, Whitney, & Vasquez, 2015). IPV is also a global health concern and is occurring increasingly in older (>50+ years of age) populations of women. There are also major gaps in data and knowledge on the intervention and prevention of IPV in older women as well as with reporting.
This study involved interviewing thirteen women over the age of 50 that are from various racial and life experiences, who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) in Arkansas. This study seeks to explore not only the prevalence and nature of the abuse but also the coping strategies employed by these women and the support sought.
The findings identified 3 major themes to include resilience and survival, support systems and barriers to accessing help. By focusing on this often-overlooked demographic, this research aims to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of IPV and to highlight the need for tailored interventions that address the specific needs of older women from diverse backgrounds. Through these women’s stories, insight was gained on their resilience and strength, as well as recommendations for systemic changes to better support older women who experience IPV in their journeys towards safety and healing. 
A Historical Analysis of Banditry and Human Security in Some West African Countries in the Sahel Region (2010-2023)
Get PDFThis discourse examined and analysed the operations of bandits in Peoples Republic of Burkina Faso, the Republics of Mali and Niger and the Federal Republic of Nigeria which are some of the countries in the Sahel region in West Africa. Banditry is widespread in these countries that share borders and easily facilitate the movement of these bandits and other persons of reputable character. Data for this discourse was largely sourced from journal articles, reports from reputable research organizations, and newspapers. Discussion was both descriptive and analytical showing how banditry affects the entire facets of human security. Bandits majorly operated in rural communities, markets and in some streets in cities, along highways, finding safe havens in large swathes of forests liberally located in these countries. Inadequate security, porous borders, sophisticated weapons and ethnic conflicts were exploited by these bandits to perpetrate their activities. The various governments of these countries have not adequately coped with stemming banditry, hence some communities established vigilante groups for self-defence and to complement occasional security personnel from government. Forceful deprivation of properties, cattle rustling, killing, rape, torture, displacement of victims from their communities and refugees from Nigeria into Niger Republic in particular were largely experienced in these countries. 
Advancements in Medical Imaging Technologies: Ultrasound, X-ray, and MRI
Get PDFMedical imaging is an important part of healthcare, aiding in the diagnosis, as well as the treatment and monitoring of diseases. The most common methods of modern medical diagnostics are ultrasound, X-ray and MRI. Ultrasound, X-ray and MRI are imaging technologies that have their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their fields of application. This article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each of the above technologies, as well as outlines the areas of application. 
Lipid Assessment in Diabetic Patients in Karbala Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFOne of the most prevalent illnesses, diabetes is not transmissible from an infected individual to a healthy one because it is present in every nation on Earth, including Iraq. Hyperglycemia is characterized by problems in the metabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in addition to persistent hyperglycemia. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level has to be 6.5% in order to satisfy the diabetes diagnostic requirements. This study examined the relationship between high lipid levels and type 2 diabetes. The investigation's goal was to look at the connection between blood lipid levels and blood sugar levels. Furthermore, therapy and early identification of lipid abnormalities in individuals may lower the chance of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In hospitals located in Karbala, Iraq, this cross-sectional observational research was carried out between January and June of 2024. Four hundred patients between the ages of twenty-five and sixty-five were chosen for this reason. Blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were all assessed. 
Effect of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Hydroxide [Bmim]OH on the Nephrocytes of Vertebrate Model Mus musculus
Get PDFBy considering the biomedical approach of green chemistry, Ionic Liquids (ILs) were known for their low vapour pressure, making them an environment friendly substitute for conventional solvents. The present investigation enlightens the impact of acute effect of orally administered IL 1-butyl 3-methylimidazolium hydroxide [Bmim]OH against kidney of Mus musculus. Under the experimentation, selected healthy adult animals were administered orally with a predetermined median lethal dose (LD50) for 12hr. and 24 hr. exposure respectively. After completion of the exposure period, the targeted tissue was analyzed for histopathology technique and the level of lipid peroxidation was measured. Exposure-dependent tissue alterations were observed and reported pathophysiological conditions. [Bmim]OH was not significantly affected on kidney of mice. Results obtained were interpreted for excretory mechanism and renal biology in the vertebrate experimental model Mus musculus. 
Classroom Cultural Diversity Climate and Students' Intention to Engage in Cultural Events: A Parallel Multiple Mediation Analysis of Attitude to Multiculturality at School and Cultural Competence as Groundwork for Culture and the Arts Confluence Program
Get PDFYouth participation matters in nurturing culture and heritage. However, there has been a dearth of research conducted to comprehensively examine youth participation and frame it in the context of cultural heritage and education. This study examined the mediating role of attitude to multiculturality in school and cultural competence on the relationship between classroom cultural diversity climate and intention to engage in cultural events as a basis to devise an institutional culture-based activity. Using 705 student samples of Holy Cross of Davao College selected via quota sampling, it was revealed that attitude to multiculturality in school and cultural competence significantly and fully mediated the relationship between classroom cultural diversity climate and intention to engage in cultural events affirming the social cognitive theory. These findings lead to a relevant groundwork for culture and the arts confluence program that emphasizes enhancing students' cultural competence and their attitude towards multiculturality while also focusing on strengthening teachers' strategies to establish a more inclusive and culturally responsive educational environment. Further work in this area can enhance one's understanding of cultural competence and multicultural attitudes and inform future cultural education programs. 
Dyeing of Cotton Woven Fabric Using Sustainable Natural Dye (Date Leaves) and Bio-Mordants
Get PDFThis study on natural dyes has been chosen for a sustainable dyeing method on textile through the using of 99% cotton 1% spandex woven fabric. The dye was produced from the Date Palm Leaf (Phoenix dactylifera L) using Soxhlet machine through continuous extraction method and dyed using natural bio-mordant eucalyptus, guava leaf. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test was carried for nanoparticle characterization along with color measurements with specular and UV include mode. The dyed fabrics were also assessed for wash fastness, fastness against perspiration, dry rubbing and wet rubbing property. In most of the cases the fastness property of sample without mordant is better than with mordant. Cotton fabric is used for dyeing to make it sustainable and to reduce the dependency on synthetic dyes; the natural material can also reduce the pressure on synthetic material. 
Correlation of Silage Feeds to Blood Biochemical Parameters in Saanen Goats
Get PDFThis paper presents the results of monitoring blood biochemical parameters of Saanen goats when using some types of silage. The study was conducted on 40 Saanen goats 6-12 months old, with an average weight of 17.5 kg, raised at the Center for Livestock Biotechnology. The goats were completely randomized in blocks into 3 treatments (NT); NT1: pseudo-silage cashew nuts, NT2: silage cassava pulp and NT3: silage corn stalks and leaves and 1 control group (using standard feed at the center). Blood samples were taken by jugular vein puncture of each animal in the morning, before feeding on days 1, 45 and 90 of the experiment. Blood biochemical indices: Glucose, Protein, Albumin, Globulin, BUN, Creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP, electrolyte index (Na, K, Ca, P) were measured by Abaxis Vetscan 2 chemical analyzer. Biochemical parameters of the control group and the 3 treatments 1, 2, 3 on the 90th day were respectively Glucose was 4.56 ± 2.86; 4.59 ± 3.84; 4.38 ± 3.88; 4.42 ± 3.18 mmol/l; Protein was 76.83 ± 8.56; 77.56 ± 6.82; 77.36 ± 7.96; 78.35 ± 8.38 g/l. The results of the evaluation of blood biochemical parameters of Saanen goats were all at normal levels when using silage rations. There was no statistical difference between the experimental and control groups. The results confirmed that the use of supplementary silage in Saanen goat farming did not affect blood biochemical indices. These data are useful for further studies on other ruminants, suggesting the use of silage in goat farming from agricultural by-products. 
Fluid Mechanics, and Its Quantum Developments and Applications
Get PDFBased on the known theories of fluid mechanics, we research the new quantum fluid mechanics by operator method. Further, we discuss its various developments combined the extensive quantum theory and other theories. Finally, we search possible applications in some aspects: in biology many systems are fluids; in astronomy binary stars, the density wave theory and evolutionary direction on spiral galaxies, and sunspot are researched; in geosciences earthquake, formation of basin and hydrocarbon layer are proposed; in social sciences the social hydrodynamics and corresponding waves and tides, the social synergetics, corruption, etc., are discussed.