European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
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Dialectics of Traditional Authority and Post-Colonial Modern State: The Case of Somaliland
Get PDFThis article investigates the development of states within societies that have undergone colonization, with a specific focus on Somaliland and its clan-based structure. Our aim is to contribute to the ongoing discourse surrounding the interplay between traditional clan affiliations and the pursuit of a nation-state, which is a critical issue with significant implications for political stability and international recognition in the region. To achieve this, we employ a methodology that includes reviewing relevant literature, synthesizing theoretical perspectives, and conducting in-depth sociological analyses, incorporating Weberian ideas of authority into our examination. This comprehensive approach enables us to gain a deeper understanding of Somaliland's unique socio-political landscape, which has been shaped by its colonial past and entrenched tribal dynamics. In our analysis, we critically assess the role of clan structures, such as the Guurti council, and their relationship with attempts to establish a rational state system. Our findings indicate that although clannism remains deeply ingrained in Somaliland's society, achieving harmony between these affiliations and modern state-building initiatives is crucial for the region's progress. In conclusion, we synthesize these insights to provide recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders, emphasizing the importance of strategies that recognize and address the dynamics of clan affiliations while promoting a strong state identity. Adopting such an approach is essential for fostering stability in Somaliland and supporting its aspirations for recognition. 
Checklist of Free-living Protozoa from Fresh water bodies of Pravara River at Ahmednagar Regions
Get PDFThe current research work covers the checklist of free-living ciliated protozoa from freshwater bodies of Pravara River of Ahmednagar regions, Maharashtra (India). 54 samples were collected during one year from January to December 2021.A total of 14 species of ciliates were recorded. The identification has been made mainly on the basis of body shape, size, arrangements of cilia, and the structure of macro- and micronucleus. In this year, the maximum prevalence of ciliates was observed in class Oligohymenophorea, which constituted (75.92%) and class Heterotrichea, accounted for (48.14%) respectively of the total rate of the samples. Moreover, the minimum prevalence of ciliates was observed in class Spirotichea, which constituted (22.22%), and the least percentage in class Prostomatea (i.e. 5.55%). 
Assessment of Routine Viral Load Monitoring Services and Performance of HIV Projects. A Case of Health Facilities in Nairobi County, Kenya
Get PDFAntiretroviral therapy (ART) is a cornerstone of HIV management, and viral load testing serves as the gold standard for assessing drug effectiveness and confirming treatment adherence. The objectives set by The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) for HIV care and treatment still encounter challenges, particularly in achieving improved access to ART and associated services, including essential laboratory viral load monitoring. This study investigated gaps in routine viral load monitoring within the 95-95-95 cascade, with particular emphasis on the final 95%, which remains unattained across individual, programmatic, and population levels. The research adopted a cross-sectional survey design with a pragmatic approach, focusing on healthcare professionals providing HIV services in clinics in Nairobi. A proportional sample of 226 respondents was collected from a population of 550 to gather qualitative and quantitative data. The study yielded a 90% response rate, with 96% agreement among respondents. The findings revealed a moderately low but statistically significant positive correlation (r=0.479<0.05). The R2 value of 0.230 explained 23.3% of project performance and displayed statistical significance (p-value=0.000<0.05). Consequently, the null hypothesis was rejected, indicating a substantial relationship between routine viral load monitoring services and the performance of HIV projects. In light of these results, the study recommends the implementation of a combination of feasible strategies, tailored to differentiated care models, to address challenges in low-resource settings across various population groups. These strategies aim to enhance adherence and improve viral load suppression rates, thus promoting the objectives of HIV care and treatment. 
Laying Performance of Native Chicken (Gallus gallus L.) Fed with Natural Egg Enhancers
Get PDFNative chickens, inherent to sustainable agriculture, play a crucial role in diverse ecosystems and local economies. Recognizing their significance, this study, conducted at Lagangilang, Abra aimed to evaluate the impact of annatto seed, turmeric, and red-hot pepper as additives on the egg performance of native chickens over four months laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Focusing on laying performance in terms of average monthly egg laid, hen house egg production (HDEP), egg mass, egg weight, and mortality and morbidity rate. The research revealed no significant differences in various egg performance parameters, nevertheless, the T3 annatto seed had the highest mean among the treatments next with the commercial egg booster in terms of laid eggs, while unexpectedly contributing to a reduction in mortality and morbidity rates among native chickens. The study suggests that while these additives may not serve as direct egg promoters, they hold promise for improving specific aspects of native chicken eggs, warranting further investigation into their potential health benefits and optimization for market appeal. In terms of return above the feed, stock, and additive costs, utilizing annatto seed and turmeric as additives is 4-13%. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of these implications is vital for informed decision-making when considering additives and enhancers in native chicken production. Though all egg enhancers are acceptable, the prevailing price of the additives to be used should be considered. 
Petroleum Hydrocarbons Biodegradation Uncovering the Variety and Capabilities of Oil-Oxidizing Microbes
Get PDFThe biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a valuable process used to reduce the ecological influences of oil spills and pollution. This comprehensive review immerses readers in the sophisticated universe of oil-oxidizing organisms, the diversity and functionality of which are unveiled. By examining different bacterial groups, such as aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, fungi, archaea, and algae, the study shows enzymatic and metabolic processes exploited during biodegradation. Environmental factors, substrate characteristics, and microbial interactions are the main determinants that contribute to the good performance of the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. The effectiveness of various biotechnological strategies like in-situ and ex-situ bioremediation, bioaugmentation, and bio stimulation is being tested to determine their ability to embrace the microbial capabilities for environmental restoration. 
Ecological Influence of Organic Pollution on the Distribution of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Some Control Forest Watercourses in Cameroon
Get PDFMonitoring of water quality and distribution of some benthic macroinvertebrates was carried out in a few control watercourses in the Mefou watershed, from August 2022 to June 2023 with the aim of identifying some ecological factors that influence the distribution of benthic organisms in forest areas. The evaluation of granulometric and physicochemical quality was carried out following the appropriate methods and the collection of benthic organisms following the multihabitat approach. The analysis of the particle size parameters shows that the coarse fraction dominates all the points explored, although the beginning of siltation was observed in the middle part of the Abouda and Fam rivers. Physico-chemical analyses revealed a relatively stable environment with well-oxygenated water, low values of organic pollution indicator parameters and low and constant temperatures throughout the watersheds. The analysis of the biological structure shows a total of 8483 individuals collected, all belonging to the arthropod phylum and the insect class. From the orders obtained, Hemiptera dominate the benthic fauna with 6 identified families. The organisational structure of the benthic community was analysed through the calculation of diversity and fairness indices and allows us to affirm that the benthic macroinvertebrate community is diverse and well organised. 
Recent Advances in Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery Systems
Get PDFThe issues with oral conventional dose forms can be resolved with the use of gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS). GRDDS is a way to prolong the stomach residence time, which allows for the release of drugs and the possibility of local or systemic effects in the upper gastrointestinal tract. To enhance treatment, some potent medications are employed with gastro-retentive dose forms for longer. By producing a high concentration of medication in the stomach that can be sustained for an extended amount of time, gastroretentive formulations (GRFs) greatly improve stomach pharmacotherapy. As a result, a wide range of dosage forms have been developed for medications that break down at alkaline pH but remain stable at acidic pH. Therefore, medications have limited absorption. 
The Rogowski Coil Technology Advancements: A Review of High Current Applications
Get PDFRogowski coil (RC) also known as air-cored was suggested in 1912 and was introduced by German physician Walter Rogowski. This coil is developed for the measurement of alternating and transient high currents, it has the capability of measurement from a few milliamperes to more than 1MA. The advancement of technology and use of microprocessor-based modern signal processing devices have coursed improvement of the Rogowski coil and extended its applications in various places. This article will provide an overview of the theory of Rogowski coils and its high current applications. initially, the article discusses the principles and basics of high current Rogowski coils, explaining their design, construction, and operation. Besides, the research study explores the various high current applications of this coil. its uses overlap from laboratory testing to industrial equipment, Rogowski coils find Usefulness in fault detection, partial discharge measurement, and lightning current detection, surpassing traditional current sensing devices in aspects of speed, accuracy, and reliability. As a result, it is a valuable resource for academics, engineers, and practitioners looking to use this adaptive technology in a wide range of commercial and scientific activities. 
Tax Avoidance Practice in Textile Company in Bangladesh and Impact of Social Media to Avoid This Problems
Get PDFIn Bangladesh's textile sector, tax evasion is a major problem, with businesses using a range of tactics to reduce their tax obligations. The purpose of this study is to look into tax evasion tactics used by Bangladeshi textile industries and to see if social media might help solve this issue. This study looks at the tactics used by textile companies to evade taxes, such as profit shifting, transfer pricing, and offshore tax havens, through a thorough examination of the literature and empirical evidence. The results indicate that tax evasion is a multifaceted matter that is impacted by various elements such as legal frameworks, corporate governance arrangements, and cultural standards. In order to take advantage of tax system weaknesses and reduce their tax liabilities, textile companies in Bangladesh frequently employ aggressive tax planning techniques. In addition to undermining government revenue, these actions also exacerbate social injustice and wealth inequality. The study also investigates how social networking sites like Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter might help reduce tax avoidance by encouraging accountability, transparency, and corporate responsibility. The results imply that social media can be an effective instrument for increasing awareness, revealing unethical behavior, and making businesses responsible for their tax duties. The efficient use of social media for tax transparency is hampered by issues like false information, privacy concerns, and regulatory loopholes. By illuminating the mechanics of tax avoidance in Bangladesh's textile industry and suggesting tactics for utilizing social media to combat this problem. 
A Comprehensive Review of Impacts of Social Media and Information Technology on Decision Making of General People
Get PDFSocial media platforms and information technology have revolutionized the way individuals obtain, use, and share information in the digital age. This has affected people's decision-making processes in a variety of fields. This thorough analysis investigates the complex effects of information technology and social media on the way the public makes decisions. The impact of social media and information technology on decision-making in domains like politics, healthcare, education, consumer behavior, and interpersonal relationships is examined in this review, which draws on an extensive array of scholarly literature, empirical investigations, and theoretical frameworks. According to the research, information technology and social media can influence decisions in both favorable and unfavorable ways. On the one hand, these platforms give users access to a multitude of information, empowering them to take part in social movements, activism, and civic engagement with greater knowledge and understanding. Social media platforms also enable peer-to-peer communication, cooperation, and knowledge sharing, giving people the confidence to ask their social networks for guidance, affirmation, and support. In the digital age, the review emphasizes how psychological variables, cognitive biases, and sociocultural influences shape decision-making processes. In online environments, people's information processing, judgment-making, and decision-making processes are greatly influenced by social comparison, confirmation bias, FOMO, and social validation, among other factors. This thorough analysis advances our knowledge of the intricate interactions among decision-making, information technology, and social media. Informed decision making, digital literacy, and the moral application of social media and information technology in society are all goals of this review, which synthesizes the literature and highlights new trends to guide future research, legislative efforts, and hands-on interventions.