European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
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Student Enrolment and Discipline in Public Boys’ Boarding Secondary Schools in Western Region, Kenya
Get PDFSchool discipline is a matter of concern particularly among teachers, family, educators and other stakeholders. Students cannot learn and teachers cannot teach effectively in an undisciplined and unsafe environment and therefore order and discipline are necessary for successful educational outcomes. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of student enrolment on discipline in public boys’ boarding secondary schools. The study was guided by B.F Skinners theory of Reinforcement. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The target population of the study consisted of 153 boys’ boarding secondary schools. Using random sampling 74 boys boarding schools were sampled. The study sampled 314 respondents comprising of 74 deputy Principals and 240 class teachers through purposive and simple random sampling respectively. The study used a questionnaire and interview guide to gather primary data. Quantitative data was analyzed using frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation and linear regressions. Qualitative data was coded and reported in themes and sub-themes. The study established that student enrolment had a statistically significant influence on student discipline. The study recommended that in order to instill good discipline among students, the government should regulate student population. 
Improvements in the Characteristics of Plant Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Get PDFPlant Fiber is lightweight, has a high specific strength, and the ultimate elongation is high and can improve the shortcoming of concrete. Concrete is easy to crack and break, and its tensile strength and other mechanical properties are not high. The chemical composition and mechanical properties of some plant Fibers that are often used are analyzed first. The modification of plant Fiber will also be discussed. Firstly, the chemical composition and mechanical properties of some plant Fibers are analyzed, and the modification methods of plant Fibers are also discussed; then, the mechanical properties of plant Fiber-reinforced concrete, hydration properties, heat preservation properties, durability, and other properties of plant Fiber-reinforced concrete are analyzed and summarized in detail. The conclusions are as follows. When the strength of concrete is increased by plant Fiber, the long Fiber is the best tensile strength method, the short Fiber is the most practical, and the length and content of the Fiber. The influence of factors such as water-cement ratio; plant Fiber can delay the release of the heat of hydration of cement by changing the hydration characteristics of cement, thereby improving the anti-cracking ability of mass concrete; concrete plant Fiber can improve the thermal stability and durability, and the lyotropic effect of plant Fiber on concrete Affect the flowability of paste. Plant Fibers can improve the thermal insulation and durability of concrete and reduce the thermal cracking of concrete. The plant Fiber is used as a reinforcement in the concrete of the railway foundation, which can enhance its tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength. The optimal loading range is 0.6-0.9%, and the long Fiber lay-flat method is the best. In the mixed method, these five physical reverse effects can be prepared in the range of 1.2-2.0%. The single tensile squeezing capacity of 30 plants using the mixed method is up to 3.69 MPa, which is the only chemical evaluation capacity of 46.5%. 
Design of a Six-Story Teaching Building: A Comprehensive Approach to Safety and Structural Efficiency
Get PDFThis paper describes teaching building design. The project, designed for the teaching building, prioritizes safety in its main structure, a reinforced concrete frame with six floors above ground. The story heights are 4.2m, 3.9m, 3.9m, 3.9m, 3.9m and 3.9m, respectively, and the building's total height is 27.6m. The construction site category is classified as type II, and the first group's seismic fortification intensity is 7 degrees. The process includes architectural design, structural design, and PKPM checking calculation. Architectural design mainly consists of a general description. The plan, elevation, section, and draft of the corresponding building are drawn according to the relevant information and requirements provided by the design task book. Structural design mainly includes load statistics, calculation of internal force and displacement of the frame, a combination of internal force, and calculation of staircase, slab roof, floor slab and frame structure. The calculation of displacement, internal force, and reinforcement of the whole frame structure is carried. Out using PKPM. In the course of architectural design, safety is a paramount consideration, in line with the principles of safety, applicability, beauty, economy, and energy-saving requirements, referring to national standards and relevant materials, and strictly following the requirements of relevant architectural design standards, the design of each link is not only a comprehensive scientific consideration of its own but also a related discussion with teachers, as detailed in the construction plan. The frame structure is adopted,in this structural type. It mainly includes structure layout and calculation sketch determination, load calculation, internal force calculation, internal force combination, main beam section design, and reinforcement calculation, frame column section design and reinforcement calculation, secondary beam section design and reinforcement calculation, floor and roof design, staircase design etc. Among them, the D-value method is used to calculate the internal force of the structure under horizontal load, and the distribution method is used to calculate the internal force of the structure under vertical load (dead load and live load). 
Trend in the Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTIs) from 2019 to 2023 at the Blood Transfusion Service of the Buea Regional Hospital, Southwest Region, Cameroon
Get PDFBackground: Transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) are of significant public health concern, as they can be transmitted through blood transfusions. Monitoring the trends and prevalence of TTIs is crucial for ensuring the safety of the blood supply and implementing effective preventive measures. This study aimed to analyzed the trend in seroprevalence of TTIs, including HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and syphilis (TPHA), among blood donors in the Buea Regional Hospital (BRH) from 2019 to 2023. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted using data from the Buea Regional Hospital Blood Transfusion Service. The study population included all blood donors who donated blood from January 2019 to December 2023. Serological testing for TTIs was performed using standard diagnostic methods. The prevalence of each TTI was calculated for each year, and the trends were analyzed using statistical tests and expressed as frequency tables, Chi square, logistic regression. Significance was set at p=0.05. Results: A total of 11,256 donors were tested and 919 (8.12%) blood donors tested positive for at least one TTI agent during the study period. The overall positivity rates were 8.23%, 9.48%, 6.65%, 8.29%, and 8.24% for 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. The prevalence of individual TTIs showed significant variations, with TPHA being the most prevalent (2.96%), followed by HBV (2.58%), HCV (1.15%), and HIV (1.24%). Socio-demographic factors, such as gender, marital status, occupation, and age, were found to be significantly associated (p<0.001) with the odds of testing positive for a TTI. Conclusion: The trend in the prevalence of TTIs among blood donors in the Buea Health Area was characterized by fluctuations over the five-year period. 
Progress in Researching the Ability of Geopolymer Concrete to Withstand a Penetration of Chloride Ions
Get PDFGeopolymer concrete is an innovative environmentally friendly construction material, and the transportation of chloride ions plays a crucial role in determining its durability. This study provides a summary of the characteristics and limitations of the test techniques used to measure the resistance of geopolymer concrete to the permeability of chloride ions, based on the introduction of the chloride ion transport mechanism in geopolymer concrete. This text provides an overview of the features and constraints of the test techniques used to assess the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride ion permeability. It also explores the connections between the mechanism of chloride ion transport and the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride ion permeability. This paper provides a concise overview of the properties and constraints of the test methods used to measure the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride ion permeability. It also discusses the factors that can affect the chloride ion permeability resistance of geopolymer concrete and presents a comparison between different methods. The article continues by highlighting that the chloride transport model of geopolymer concrete is complex. The essay continues by highlighting the chloride transport model of geopolymer concrete, specifically focusing on the impact of individual parameters such as high temperature, freezing-thaw cycles, and the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride ion permeability. The study investigates the impact of freeze-thaw cycles, alkali admixture, and water glass modulus on the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chloride penetration. The infiltration of chloride, as well as the precision of determining the concentration border of chloride ions for colour rendering, require further in-depth investigation. 
Efficient Privacy-Preserving Scheme for Distributed Machine Learning Against Collusion Attacks (EPPS-DMLCA)
Get PDFWe propose EPPS-DMLCA, a novel method integrating homomorphic encryption and DP to protect data from attacks. EPPS-DMLCA improves techniques to protect data from attacks in several ways. One, it protects data while being more computationally efficient compared to extant methods. Two, it is more robust to collusion attacks than current methods are. We evaluated EPPS-DXMCA using MNIST. We tested our method on Amazon’s cloud using 40 cloud servers. We found that our method performed as well as a method that did not protect privacy. Additionally, our method uses a firm privacy budget, which provides robust privacy protection. Last, we found that because of the low computational overhead, our method is more resistant to collusion attacks than state-of-the-art methods are. Our results show that EPPS-DMLCA is an important contribution to the literature. We propose EPPS-DMLCA, which integrates homomorphic encryption and DP to protect data from attacks. We used MNIST in a distributed cloud environment with 40 cloud servers. Our results show that EPPS-DMLCA is up to 3 times more efficient than FHE methods. Moreover, the model performs 97.8%, the same as unprotected methods. Last, DP’s noise was well-tuned, as evidenced by the model and the sufficient parameters to provide robust protection from privacy. Moreover, EPPS-DMLCA is more resistant to collusion than the state-of-the-art. Machine learning models are essential for creating information from big data in a constantly changing world. However, access to such big data raises privacy issues. Fortunately, various ways exist to protect data from attacks. One such method is DP, which adds noise to the data. The goal of DP is to generate robust protection from privacy. DP is a valuable tool, but the method has one drawback. The method uses many noise probes to be effective. This means that FHE methods do not perform as well as unprotected methods. Because of this drawback, I propose EPPS-DMLCA to users. 
Choosing Folk Song for Children 5-6 Years Old Through Teaching Organization Music Activities in Preschool
Get PDFFolk songs have the ability to have a strong impact on people's thoughts and emotions, helping us develop aesthetic abilities, thinking, intellectual, physical qualities, and good moral feelings. More importantly, it forms national consciousness and love for the homeland. Currently, teachers are aware of the importance of using folk songs for 5-6 year old children in organizing musical activities in preschools. However, preschool teachers do not know how to choose folk songs in organizing and teaching music activities, causing the results of the activities to be low. This article focuses on analyzing the current situation of choosing folk songs for 5-6 year old children through organizing and teaching musical activities, in order to form in children the goodness and beauty in folk songs. From there, children will develop a love and appreciation for Vietnamese folk songs. 
Femininity vs Masculinity: Re-Defining (Gender) Roles in Alobwed’ Epie’s The Lady with a Beard
Get PDFGender bias has remained a pervasive problem worldwide, till this era. In line with the recent “UNDP Gender Inequality Index” which ranks Cameroon 141st among a total of 162 classified world countries, Cameroon is determined a heavily patriarchal society. Developing gender as a social construction rather than a biological attribute is a powerful achievement that determines roles being awarded accordingly and not based on genetic traits. The foregoing declarations put this paper in perspective. Gender can grow beyond any limit if it is not tied down to sex. Therefore, gender should be redefined as a process of activity and not a static label. However, this paper aims to show that in spite of the position which Cameroon occupies, Cameroonian writers like Alobwed’ Epie in his novel, The Lady with a Beard, redefines male and female stereotypes and roles. With a remarkable representation of his heroine in an evolving Cameroon, Emade surges her femininity through freedom of choice. The qualitative research method has been employed through document analysis, and in re-defining both gender roles, this study has adopted the Postmodern theory to debunk perspectives of a grand narrative, universality and stability in the novel to enhance gender configurations. In all, this paper confirms a radically budding change in stereotypical notions of gender, especially the female, in the Cameroonian and Bakossi setting. 
Influence of Teacher-Student Relationship on Student Mathematics Achievement in High School in the USA: Mediating Roles of Students Perceptions of Mathematics
Get PDFThe teachers-students’ interaction is at the center of teaching in the classroom and is a major factor in teaching quality and improving student achievement. The nature and quality of teacher-students’ interaction is the basis for understanding student engagement. This paper explored influence of teacher-student relationship on student mathematics achievement in high schools. This study used descriptive survey design. Simple random sampling technique was further applied to obtain 470 persons. The study sampled 216 respondents by using Yamane formula. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis through the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 21. Research data were obtained through questionnaires and documentation. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. The results of the findings indicated that the teacher–student relationship was more correlated with student mathematics achievement in High school (r = 0.818; p= 0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that teacher-student relationship contributed to 44.5% of variation on the performance, hence plays a vital role in student mathematics achievement in high school. Additionally, it was further inferred that teacher-student relationship positive attitudes toward student mathematics achievement. The study recommended that students in high school should build positive student-teacher relationship with their teachers by engaging actively in classroom activities, showing respect to the Mathematics teacher and also try as much as possible to communicate consistently with the Mathematics teacher. Besides, Mathematics teachers should be encouraged to improve on their personal relationship with their students for this will enhance the academic performance of the students. 
The Role of International Law and Diplomacy in Inter-State Relations: Implications for Afghanistan and American War Relations
Get PDFThis study examines the role of international law and diplomacy in interstate relations, with implications for American-Afghanistan relations. Specifically, the study sets out to interrogate whether US war relations on terror in Afghanistan has reduced terrorism in the country; ascertain how US counter-terrorism strategic relations in Afghanistan undermined jus in bello principles of proportionality and discrimination; and determine how US strategy failure in its Afghanistan’s relations undermined its reconstruction and peace-building efforts. By adopting the Just War Theory (JWT), the paper analysed the dynamic nature of US-Afghanistan relations, following the 9/11 attacks, with findings revealing that the US had an incoherent strategy in its war relations in Afghanistan, which ultimately led to its failure to restore peace, promote democracy and human rights.