European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
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Wheelchair Accessibility to Public Buildings in Songea Municipality
Get PDFWheelchair accessibility to public buildings is an increasing area of important in research in the field of rehabilitation medicine worldwide, but wheelchair accessibility to public buildings in developing countries is a poorly researched phenomena making the situation unclear. The study assessed wheelchair accessibility of public buildings in Songea Municipality. A descriptive cross sectional survey where by objective assessment of 16 public buildings was performed in Songea Municipality using a standard survey guideline (Americans with Disabilities Act Guideline). Cluster sampling technique was used to sample the available buildings into different clusters and 19 buildings were sampled randomly from each cluster. The overall score of accessibility compliance was 38%.Of the five areas of accessibility assessed, entrance had the highest compliance of 92%, and parking had lowest score of 0%, others were accessible route 31%, ramp 20% and toilet 17% .The buildings which were built before a year 2010 had a mean score of 20.5% and those built after the year 2010 had a mean score of 55.2%. The results of the current study shows that most of public buildings surveyed in Songea Municipal are inaccessible to wheelchair users despite the presence of building regulations and persons with disability act of 2010.The study recommends the enforcement of the law by the government to all public buildings, emphasis to be made on parking, ramps, toilets and accessible routes. The study also recommends remodeling of the available inaccessible elements by the buildings administrators. 
Laboratory Assessment of the Efficacy of Some Biopesticides on Aspects of the Life Performance of the Callsobruchus maculates
Get PDFCallosobruchus maculatus, the Southern Cowpea Beetle, is one of the most damaging pests that feeds on stored seeds, severely reducing their nutritional content by compromising their quality and marketability. It is critical to identify a viable substitute for chemical pesticides, which not only have high costs but also numerous detrimental effects on both humans and the environment, as a result of the beetles' development of resistance to them. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to employ various biopesticides made from entomopathogenic fungus, which are fungi that feed on insects, and investigate the potential effects of these pesticides on the life performance of the C. maculatus, which is significant for both nutrition and the economy. The study aimed to find a promising alternative to chemical pesticides by using biopesticides derived from entomopathogenic fungi. The results of the current laboratory study showed a significant effect of the two biopesticides, L. lecanii and M. anisopliae, in increasing the mortality rate of eggs and adult stages of the C. maculatus. After 9 days of exposure to the biopesticide, M. anisopliae produced the maximum mortality rate for both eggs and adults at a concentration of 5x10⁷ g/L. The biopesticides M. anisopliae and L. lecani iwere exposed to the eggs and adults that had the lowest death rate one day later. Based on the current study's findings, it can be said that using the biopesticides M. anisopliae and L. lecanii can help control the Southern Cowpea Beetle and lessen the need for chemical pesticides. 
A Brief Overview of Some Federal Systems and Restructuring in Nepal
Get PDFModern politics endorses various governing systems, with the unitary and federal systems being the primary forms. These systems can change in response to the immediate needs of a country, influenced by the will of the people and the interests of leadership. Some unitary states have transitioned to federal systems, while some federal systems have disintegrated, depending on the circumstances and necessities of the state. In the context of conflict management, Nepal has transitioned from a unitary system to federalism through state restructuring. The primary reason for this shift was the internal conflict within the state. This article focuses on the federalism adopted by Nepal, examining the experiences of major federal countries worldwide and discussing Nepal's approach to federalism. The study attempts to address and find solutions to several pertinent questions regarding this transition. 
Harmonic Force Fields and Force Constants of Prebiotic Aminomalononitrile and Diaminomalononitrile by Using DFT and SQMFF Calculations
Get PDFHybrid B3LYP/6-311++G** calculations and scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMF) methodology have been used to perform the harmonic force fields and force constants of prebiotic aminomalononitrile and Diaminomalononitrile of diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN) and diaminefumaronitrile (DAFN) because they are related by the DAMN↔DAFN photoisomerization equilibrium. Hence, full vibrational assignments and its scaled force constants are reported. Comparisons of predicted spectra with the experimental FTIR, FTRaman, 1H, 13C-NMR and UV-visible spectra show good correlations. The IR and Raman spectra show bands related to the two forms. Frontier orbitals studies suggest that both forms are more reactive in solution while that DAFN presents higher reactivity in this medium. These results agree with the lower stability observed for DAFN in solution by NBO study and with its lower energy observed by MEP surface. Higher scaled force constants values of DAMN suggest its higher stability in solution, as supported by the lower values of its geometrical parameters. 
Study of the Functional Properties of Plant Protein Concentrates for Use in Fortifying Some Food Products
Get PDFThe current study aimed to isolate and concentrate protein from flax seeds and study their chemical composition and functional properties. The process of preparing a flax seed sample was carried out by removing the gel present on the surface of the seeds, drying and cooking the sample, and removing fat from the dried sample using a soxolite device and using a hexane solvent to obtain stripped flax flour. Fat for the purpose of conducting the process of isolation and concentration of defatted flax flour proteins, using the method of alkaline extraction and precipitation at the electrical neutral point to collect the isolated and concentrated protein, dry it, and study its chemical composition. It was found that the protein percentage increased to (66.58%), the ash percentage increased to (4.8%), and a decrease 1.72% respectively, and some functional properties of the protein concentrate, moisture and fat content (1.9%) of flax, were studied. The foaming property of the protein concentrate was studied and the results showed a decrease in foam formation, reaching 2%, while the stability of the foam was 100%. This was observed when the emulsification property was studied. The protein 36.66% (respectively), while the results of the characteristic , concentrate of flax has a decrease in emulsion formation and emulsion stability if it reaches (38.88% fat and water binding). Water binding is higher as it reaches (2.10 ml water/gm protein) compared to the fat binding property which reaches (1.90 ml). 
Elemental Influence on Dielectric Properties and Loss Tangent in CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ Ceramics
Get PDFIn this research, we explore novel doping and co-doping strategies to enhance the performance of calcium copper titanate (CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂, CCTO). The focus is on incorporating different elements like bromine and fluorine these elements are doped alone and as well as together we have seen a huge difference in it as compared to pure calcium carbon titanate, these elements changed the CCTO structure and to investigate their effects on the material's properties. The chemical formulas of the doped and co-doped compounds are CaCu₃Ti₄(O,Br)₁₂, CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂₋F₂ₓ, and CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂. Detailed analyses of structural and dielectric properties were performed to understand the impact of these dopants. Our findings demonstrate significant improvements in the dielectric constant and overall stability of the material, which hold promise for advanced applications in electronic devices. 
Review article about Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Get PDFMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that uses a magnetic field and computer-generated radio waves to create detailed images of the organs and tissues in your body. MRI is a noninvasive way for a medical professional to examine the organs, tissues and skeletal system. It produces high-resolution images of the inside of the body that help diagnose a variety of conditions. Because MRI doesn’t use X-rays or other radiation, it’s the imaging test of choice when people will need frequent imaging for diagnosis or treatment monitoring, especially of their brain. 
Stakeholder Engagement and Land Conflict Resolution in Arid and Semi-Arid Counties in Kenya
Get PDFThe study aimed to examine the relationship between stakeholder engagement and land conflict resolution in Kenya's Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASAL) counties. It was grounded in the Collaborative Governance Theory. The target population consisted of 803 individuals from 23 ASAL counties, including 115 land department officials (5 per county), 113 sub-county administrators, and 575 ward administrators. The researcher employed descriptive and correlational research designs, with a sample size of 267 respondents, determined using Slovin's formula. Qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis, while quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The rejection of the null hypotheses highlighted the importance of stakeholder participation, capacity building, and information transparency in resolving land conflicts. Key recommendations include enhancing coordination among administrative bodies and establishing multi-stakeholder platforms for more effective conflict resolution. 
Investigating the Trends of Climate Change Parameters in Mountainous Areas of Afghanistan
Get PDFClimate change poses significant challenges to Afghanistan, a country highly vulnerable due to its geographical features and socio-economic conditions. The mountainous regions of Afghanistan, such as the Hindu Kush, play a critical role in the country's water resources, agriculture, and ecosystem services, making them a key area for studying climate impacts. This research investigates trends in major climate change parameters—temperature and precipitation—in Afghanistan's mountainous areas over recent decades. Using historical climate data, the study examines long-term trends in temperature rise and changes in variation in precipitation. This study examined maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation trends of climate indices in the Daykundi province of Afghanistan from 1986 to 2019. We analyzed eight sites, and each station calculated minimum, maximum, and DTR temperature variability and precipitation trends, as well as positive and negative trends. The linear regression trend was utilized to find out notable trends. The findings of the study showed maximum and minimum temperatures were observed to have an upward trend significantly nationwide. The minimum temperature has been raised more than the maximum temperature, resulting in a remarkably decreased diurnal temperature range (DTR). Precipitation indices of climate change were detected by high fluctuation during 1986-2019. Positive precipitation trends happened in all study sites except for the Kajarn district. The mean annual precipitation had upward trends with an extensive range of scattering. During the study period, the Kajran district experienced a precipitation reduction of -0.48 mm per annum. 
On s-g-coc-Convergence of Nets and Filters
Get PDFWithin this study, we use the concept of s-g-coc-open sets to introduce and explore another type of convergence in a topological space: s-g-coc-convergence of nets and filters. Additionally, we look into a few characteristics of these ideas