European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
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The Role of Digital Tools in Raising Public Awareness of Family Planning Methods in Tanzania
Get PDFTo address the various complications resulting from poor family planning, the government, and other stakeholders are tirelessly conducting campaigns that will boost awareness and the uptake of family planning methods in society. Apart from the traditional channels of disseminating family planning information such as the use of television and radio, much attention has been directed into the use of digital tools. Following this, the study aimed at examining the role of digital tools in raising public awareness of family planning methods in Tanzania. The study employed a mixed research design that gave out room for collecting and analysing data quantitatively and qualitatively. The main targeted population was the residents who are of reproductive age and a total of 100 residents were contacted. The data collected were analysed descriptively through the use of frequencies and tables. This part mostly included quantitative data. On the other hand, content analysis was applied in analysing the qualitative data. The findings relating to the general objective revealed that digital tools had the potential of playing a great role in disseminating information concerning family planning methods and other related campaigns. The findings revealed that the respondents preferred the use of digital tools in obtaining family planning information compared to the predominantly traditional channels such as television and radio. The study recommended putting more emphasis on the use of digital tools in disseminating family planning information rather than the predominantly traditional channels. In addition, the study recommended more training to the youth and those who are on reproductive health by conducting various social campaigns tailored in promoting awareness of family planning agendas. 
Geospatial Assessment of Potential Groundwater Zones Within Igede Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Get PDFGroundwater happens to be an accessible and renewable source of water, and so has to be monitored. A Multi-criteria Decision approach was utilized which allows for data fusion of various thematic criteria using the Analytical Hierarchical approach to assign weight to the selected criteria peculiar to Igede-Ekiti, of Irepodun/Ifelodun Local Government Area. The study aims to carry out a geospatial assessment of the groundwater potential zone within Igede Ekiti, Ekiti state. Geology, Rainfall, Digital Elevation Model, Land Use land cover, Nominal difference in water Index (NDWI), Slope and Lineament density were selected to depict the potential groundwater zones, of which geospatial assessments were carried out. Selected groundwater sources in the form of boreholes and well were afterwards used to ground truth and depict the distribution of groundwater sources within the study area. The ArcMap software’s weight overlay Analysis was used to present the output in the form of a Potential Groundwater zones (PGWZ) map, with the Groundwater sources, wells and boreholes, indicating that they were well dispersed within the study area, but more densely situated around the built-up class of the study area. The results indicate that high PGWZ was more prevalent than the other classes, as the classes were distributed into very high, high and low PGWZ. The very high PGWZ covered 7%, the high PGWZ 55% and the Low PGWZ, 38%. The study can be used for further physical planning and decision-making for policymakers. Further research into the Spatio-temporal behaviour of groundwater potential is recommended. 
Effect of Paclobutrazol on the Reproductive System of Semperula maculata
Get PDFAmong all the biological processes in the living organisms, reproduction is a important life process for survival and continuation of every race and species on the earth. Present study was designed to investigate the effect of Paclobutrazol on the reproductive system of terrestrial slug Semperula maculata. The animals were exposed for pre-determined median lethal concentration (3362.15 ppm) of Paclobutrazol upto 96 hours. Histological and biochemical estimation especially protein content from selected reproductive organs were carried out against effective dose of PBZ. Obtained results were interpreted for reproduction and potency. 
Assessing Challenges of Enforcing Water Pollution Control Regulations on “Small Business Enterprises and, Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Activities” in the Developing Countries: Zimbabwe Perspective
Get PDFEconomic paradigm shift from large scale activities to small-scale activities evolving in Zimbabwe, has resulted in emergence of unique wastewater generating sources, characterized by large numbers and ability to be nomadic, moving from one location to another, leading to the phenomena of shifting water pollution sources. This assessment found how challenging implementation of water pollution control legislation for regulatory authorities is, due to absence of ‘economies of scale referencing’ in the legislation which primarily had been drafted for large scale economic activities. Small business entities find it difficult to apply and pay for pollution fees as the legislation currently consider wastewater generators similarly, without factoring in production scales. Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) evade water control regulations by installing illegal discharge channels which are easily concealed to regulators and some resort to night operations to avoid scrutiny. Lack of appropriate and affordable technology for small scale wastewater treatment, is another hinderance to successful implementation of water pollution control regulations. Highly, spaced pollution sites of MSME affect the ability of regulatory authorities to visit all sites and carryout effective monitoring for adherence to water pollution control legislation. Zimbabwe, to achieve halving water pollution as envisaged by Sustainable Development Goal (SDG6) need to cover all sources of water pollution by empowering the small enterprises sector by availing financial incentives for development of low-cost wastewater treatment technologies for use by this sector. 
Students’ Perception of Spanking as a Disciplinary Technique
Get PDFThere has been controversy regarding the use of spanking in controlling students’ misbehaviours. Against the variations in opinions is this study executed to investigate the perception of students on the influence of spanking in controlling their misbehaviours in public secondary schools in Anambra State. One research question guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and was carried out in Onitsha South Local Government Area of the State. Simple random sampling technique was used to select a target study sample of 109 out of the 1087 Junior Secondary School (2) students in the 6 public secondary schools in Onitsha South Local Government Area of the state. A 10-item questionnaire designed by the researchers was used to elicit responses from the respondents, it was face validated by 5 experts. The instrument was reliability tested using Cronbach Alpha reliability method, yielding a co-efficient of 0.73 for internal consistency. Statistical means was used in answering the research question. The finding of the study revealed that spanking as perceived by the students positively influences the management of their misbehaviour. Based on the finding, it was recommended among other things that teachers should use spanking in controlling misbehavior but not in wrath but out of love to train up a child in the right way. Spanking should be used by teachers for controlling misbehavior provided that the principles guiding administration of it is duly followed. 
On Solving Third, Fourth and Fifth Order of Reverse Fibonacci-Like Sequences
Get PDFThis paper introduced the reverse Fibonacci-like sequences of third (reverse Tribonacci sequence), fourth (reverse Tetranacci sequence) and fifth (reverse Pentanacci sequence) orders as well as its generalization, that is, when the initial terms are not fixed. Formulas for the initial terms of the reverse Tribonacci-like, reverse Tetranacci-like and reverse Pentanacci-like sequences were derived and the numerical coefficients of these formulas were tabulated in order to derive an explicit formula for solving it
Federated Learning for Telecom Fraud Detection: A Privacy-Preserving Approach to Overcoming Data Fragmentation and Enhancing Security
Get PDFOver the last couple of years, the world has seen numerous frauds about telecom: fraud calls, phishing, and misutilization of personal numbers, among others. However, traditional methods of fraud detection cannot fit the shifting intricacy of these fraud schemes since they depend on data collection in a centralized way. While the arrival of deep learning improves the detection capability, it engenders considerable privacy risks and issues of data fragmentation. As one might guess, this work investigates federated learning as a decentralized solution to these limitations. The FL allows various organizations to train fraud detection models collaboratively while preserving data privacy via sharing only model updates, not raw data. This paper proposes a federated learning-based system for phone number fraud detection and defends personal data against various industries. We will discuss in more detail the advantages of federated learning in solving the "data island" problem and reducing the risk of privacy breaches in a distributed environment. The paper also looks at the use of horizontal and vertical federated learning in co-governance both within and across industries. Finally, we discuss the limitation of FL from a practical perspective by including problems arising from non-IID data and heterogeneity in systems and scalability. We also identify further works to be pursued in optimizing the performance of FL fraud detection with privacy preservation. 
Effect of Shrimp Liquid Extract on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Biochemical Parameters and Immunological Responses of Broiler Chicken
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to investigate effect of shrimp liquid extract on growth performance, carcass traits, immunological responses, and biochemical parameters evaluation of broiler chickens. A total of 360 day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five experimental treatments, with six replicates of 12 birds each. The dietary treatments comprised five different levels (0, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 ml/l) of shrimp liquid extract added to the drinking water of the birds in a completely randomized design over a 35-day trial period. Results showed that supplementation of broiler chickens with different concentrations of shrimp liquid extract, particularly at 2 and 2.5 ml/l, resulted in improved performance metrics. Notably, these concentrations showed optimal results in terms of carcass yield, weight gain, and organ weights such as breast, thigh, and heart. Serum lipid fractions were not affected by the shrimp liquid extract. However, birds receiving the extract exhibited lower levels of serum creatinine and uric acid, along with higher urea levels. Furthermore, the shrimp liquid extract significantly boosted antibody titers against AIV (Avian Influenza Virus), NDV (Newcastle Disease Virus), IBD (Infectious Bursal Disease) and IBV (Infectious Bronchitis Virus) post-vaccination. Specifically, broilers given 1.5 to 2.5 ml/l of the extract displayed markedly higher antibody titers against various diseases compared to those receiving lower concentrations. Supplementation of shrimp liquid extract in water for broiler chickens at concentrations of 2 and 2.5 ml/l positively impacted performance metrics, organ weights, serum biochemistry parameters, and antibody response against various diseases. 
Integrating Modern Technologies for Earthquake-Resistant Buildings
Get PDFEarthquake-resistant design is fundamental in modern structural engineering and is centred on limiting the disastrous repercussions of seismic occurrences in buildings and infrastructure. Advanced strategies and innovations in earthquake-resistant design are presented in this paper, emphasising structural features comprising seismic joints, shear walls, base isolation systems, and energy dissipation mechanisms. Recent developments in materials, such as fibre-reinforced composites and hybrid systems, are mainly dealt with in the paper to increase the flexibility and resilience of buildings. General design principles, from site selection to foundation planning and layout optimisation, are presented, including data from recent research. Comparisons, through visualisations, of base shear, inter-story drift, and structural damage will be presented to assess the effectiveness of innovative solutions. The findings deduce that inedible integrated high-quality computational tools, performance-based designs, and sustainable construction practices guarantee safety and functional ability in earthquake-prone regions. The study contributes to the continuous development of resilient urban infrastructure, opening ways toward safer and more sustainable communities. 
Designing Biomaterial Microniches for Optimized Chondrocyte Differentiation and Cartilage Repair
Get PDFCartilage tissue engineering has become a promising solution for treating cartilage injuries, which suffer from limited natural regenerative capacity. However, creating an optimized environment that promotes chondrocyte differentiation and robust cartilage repair remains challenging. In this study, we explore the design and functionalization of biomaterial-based microniches tailored for chondrocyte differentiation. By incorporating bioactive cues, mechanical stimuli, and cell-instructive elements, we aim to mimic the native cartilage microenvironment and facilitate enhanced cellular responses. We employ a combination of natural and synthetic biomaterials, forming a scaffold that provides a structurally supportive and biologically active framework. The scaffolds are customized to support specific stages of chondrocyte maturation, promoting extracellular matrix production and cartilage-specific gene expression. We also investigate the role of microarchitecture, porosity, and mechanical properties in chondrocyte differentiation and phenotypic stability. Our findings contribute to advancing the understanding of biomaterial design in regenerative medicine and present a scalable approach for developing next-generation therapies for cartilage repair.