European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
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Design and Implementation of C-Band Frequency Synthesizer Using LMX2592 IC
Get PDFThe paper presents the design scheme and implementation of a PLL-based-frequency synthesizer using LMX2592 IC. The frequency synthesizer have vital role in the development of up-converter and down-converter equipments. Therefore, on the RT-Duroid RO4350 substrate, a low phase noise and stable carrier generator is designed and implemented. Graphical User Interface (GUI) & LAN based programming is developed to easily change the synthesizer frequency. The control system analysis using root locus and bode plot is presented for system stability. The experimental results representing the performance parameters, like frequency range, frequency step size, output power, phase noise, carrier stability, harmonics, and spurious, etc., are also presented in the paper. The analysis of spurious and phase noise performance at near integer boundary conditions are done by changing loop bandwidth and phase margin. 
An Abstract Description of Learning as a Morphogenetic Process
Get PDFThis paper describes a mathematical framework for describing learning in terms of convergence to a stable equilibrium point of a Hebbian neural network. It implies that network dynamics can be approximated by a system of diffusion equations, which has stable equilibrium if a particular parameter is large enough. The learned state is identified with the stable equilibrium point. The model suggests that the magnitude of the eigenvalues associated with the system linearised about the fixed point should be directly related to the slope of an exponential learning curve. 
Review: Parasite Strategies to Escape Attack by The Immune System of Their Hosts
Get PDFThis review aims to investigate the parasitic strategies that enable them to escape attack by the immune systems of their hosts and cause infection. A parasite is a creature that obtains its sustenance and other requirements from a host, which is another organism that provides support to the parasite. Medical parasitology encompasses protozoa, helminths, and some arthropods. Parasitic diseases lead to host immune responses that expel the infesting parasites. Parasites also have improved a number of strategies to prevent host immune attacks and survive in the environment of the host. In this study, all information about the parasites abilities to avoid host complement immune attack in a hostile environment and the mechanisms of complement immune evasion is provided. 
X-Bartheory: Its Pros/Strengths and Cons/Weaknesses in Generative Grammar
Get PDFThe X-bar theory is an interesting field in linguistic investigation. X-bar theory deepens our understanding of grammatical structure, and as a result may help us use the language in question (English language) more effectively. This study is a critical review, primarily aimed at exploring and examining the strengths and limitations of the X-bar theory in the analysis of syntactic structures in the English language. While we do not claim that X-bar syntax is the “best” approach to the analysis of [English] sentences, it has advantages over some other approaches. The study proves that despite the limitations of the X-bar theory like overworking the I-node et.c. It is an important theory that is worth studying by linguists as relevant in the study of syntactic structures of the English language. The analytical frameworks provided by contemporary scholars, Aarts and Radford, which ultimately are based on insights of Chomsky, Jackendoff and other scholars going back to the 1970s, are used and adapted for the analysis of sentences in this study. These two linguists use the Transformational Generative Grammar approach in their analysis of English phrases and sentences. It is therefore hoped that this study will provide, in addition to the already existing data, a current material on the X-bar theory especially for researchers in the field of generative linguistics. 
Harnessing Tanzania's Rangelands to Mitigate Methane Emissions from Livestock Enteric Fermentation
Get PDFMethane emissions from livestock being a major contributor to climate change as methane possesses more global warming potential than carbon dioxide, exacerbating the issue. Therefore, reducing methane emissions is crucial in addressing climate change and promoting sustainable agriculture. Tanzania is endowed with a large livestock population and vast rangelands. The resultant enteric methane emissions share in the agriculture sector was estimated to be 39.71% in 2014. This data suggests that interventions to lower methane emissions in agriculture sectors need to focus on livestock especially ruminants to provide significant reduction. The study found that normalisation of emissions can be facilitated by a set of measures, namely: a) increasing the energy content or quality of ruminant feed to reduce the intensity of methane production in the gut; b) addressing existing problems in pasture use, including deforestation, uncontrolled burning, overgrazing, water shortages and invasive species; c) improving feeding in combination with other livestock management practices to achieve the expected productive effect while reducing methane emissions. 
Some Biological Characteristics of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus from Luubara Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study of biological characteristic of C. nigrodigitatus caught using multiple and single long-line was carried out for twelve months. The Von –Bertallanffy growth function was used to estimate the growth characteristics. The growth coefficient (K) and growth performance index (Ø) were 0.740 and 2.37, respectively, indicating it grows fast. The instantaneous rates of total, natural, and fishing mortality were 3.23, 1.18 and 2.05 per year, respectively. The resultant exploitation ratio was 0.635, indicating that the fishery was overexploited. More so, the ratio of length at first capture (Lc) to asymptotic length (L∞). (Lc/ L∞) depicted that this species was caught at a small size which may lead to growth over-fishing. The extreme mounting fishing pressure and harvesting silver catfish when the size small require application fishing regulations that will watch over the species in creek. Management regulation, particularly seasonal closures coinciding with the period of spawning, should be implemented to avoid the eventual collapse of this fishery. 
The Effect of Outcome Based Education on Behavior of Students
Get PDFOutcome-Based Education (OBE) is a pedagogical approach that focuses on defining learning outcomes and aligning instructional practices to achieve those outcomes. Its implementation has garnered attention for its potential impact on various aspects of student behavior. Research exploring the effect of Outcome-Based Education on student behavior indicates several key findings. Firstly, students exposed to OBE demonstrate increased engagement and motivation due to clear learning objectives and assessments. Secondly, OBE fosters a sense of accountability and responsibility among students as they are actively involved in their learning process. Additionally, studies suggest that OBE contributes to the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills, leading to more adaptive behaviors in academic settings. The findings underscore the significance of Outcome-Based Education in shaping positive behaviors among students. By promoting active participation and fostering essential skills, OBE holds promise for enhancing overall academic performance and fostering a conducive learning environment. These implications extend beyond the classroom, potentially influencing students' behavior in various life domains. Future research should delve deeper into the mechanisms through which Outcome-Based Education influences student behavior. Longitudinal studies could explore the sustainability of these effects over time and across diverse student populations. In conclusion, the research on the effect of Outcome-Based Education on student behavior suggests a positive association between OBE implementation and desirable behavioral outcomes. By promoting engagement, accountability, and critical thinking skills, OBE has the potential to cultivate adaptive behaviors conducive to academic success and lifelong learning. Further investigation into this relationship is warranted to inform educational practices and policies effectively. 
Bridging Development and Sustainability: An Analysis of the Nigerian Real Estate Sector
Get PDFLike its international counterparts, the Nigerian real estate market found itself at a crossroads, torn between the imperative of rapid expansion and the urgent need for sustainable practices. This study constituted a comprehensive exploration of the adoption of sustainability within this fast-paced industry, driven by the pressing necessity to bridge the divide between developmental enthusiasm and environmental responsibility. The foundation of this study lies in a meticulous analysis of the existing body of literature, facilitating a profound understanding of the nuances surrounding sustainable practices and the persistent gaps therein. By employing a blend of convenience and purposeful sampling methods, a wide yet focused selection of industry experts was curated. The primary research approach hinged on the utilization of Likert scale analysis to unveil the perspectives and sentiments of professionals regarding the challenges and advantages associated with sustainable practices in the Nigerian real estate sector. The findings resonated strongly, illuminating prevailing beliefs and delineating a path toward a more sustainable real estate sector. While the results underscored a profound understanding of the need for sustainable practices, they also spotlighted several obstacles, ranging from informational deficits to financial constraints. The study's conclusion reverberated with a multitude of ideas. The report meticulously charted a comprehensive roadmap for fostering sustainability in the Nigerian real estate market by identifying barriers, evaluating potential benefits, and formulating pragmatic strategies. The recommendations, encompassing advocacy for policy changes and the encouragement of further research, resounded convincingly as catalysts for tangible transformation. 
Impact of Leadership Styles on Job Satisfaction among Teachers in Secondary Schools in Monduli District
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to explore the impact of leadership styles on job satisfaction among teachers in selected secondary schools in Monduli district. The study hypotheses were that H1 there is no statistically significant correlation between transformational leadership style and job satisfaction among teachers in selected secondary schools in Monduli district, H2 there is no statistically significant correlation between transactional leadership style and job satisfaction among teachers in selected secondary schools in Monduli district and H3 there is no statistically significant correlation between laissez-faire leadership style and job satisfaction among teachers in selected secondary schools in Monduli district.
The study employed a descriptive survey design. A sample size of one hundred twenty-nine respondents was randomly chosen from four secondary schools in Monduli namely; Manyara, Lowassa, Engutoto, and Irkisongo district secondary schools. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from respondents. The collected data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) using, Independent t-test and Fisher's Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to determine whether demographic variables varied with students' academic performance. Karl Pearson's Linear Correlation Coefficient was undertaken to determine the relationship between leadership styles and teachers' Job satisfaction.
The study results indicated that hypotheses H1 and H3 were supported by the study findings. However, the study findings revealed that H3 was not supported by the study findings. The study concluded that transformational and laissez-faire leadership styles had a direct influence on teachers' job satisfaction. Therefore, school administrators in the Monduli district should use transformational and laissez-faire leadership styles in their day-to-day administration. The study findings led the researcher to recommend that, the school administration should focus on the use of transformational and laissez-faire leadership styles since they had a direct significant influence on teacher's job satisfaction. For future research focus should be on obtaining a larger and more representative sample, conducting the same study in other schools from another district for comparison purposes, and replicating the study using a qualitative approach. 
Hematological Parameters and Growth Performance of Swine Fed with Alternanthera sessilis
Get PDFTo evaluate the efficacy of Alternanthera sessilis as feed supplement on the Growth Performance and Hematological parameters of Swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) the researchers employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and utilized 15 heads of Large White pig in a uniformed size and age. The Experimental animals were divided into 4 treatments replicated 3 times as the T1- pure commercial feeds, T2-100% Alternanthera sessiles, T3- combination of 50% commercial feeds and 50% Alternanthera sessilis, T4 was then a combination of 30% commercial feeds and 70% Alternanthera sessilis. The efficacy was observed within 120 days. Ahead of the allotment of the experimental animals initial weighing were conducted to ensure the weight uniformity. Subsequently, administration of the different treatments was done. Data on final weight, gain in weight, feed consumed, feed conversion efficiency and feed conversion ratio for growth performance and the hematological parameters at 120 days end of the study. Results revealed that there were significant differences in final weight, gain in weight, feed conversion efficiency and feed conversion ratio among all treatment. However results showed that the T3 combination were not significantly different from T1. Furthermore, on the hematological parameters results showed no significant difference between treatments. This implies that Alternanthera sessilis was recommended at 50%combination to 50% commercial feeds and it was safe for feeding swine without any harmful effect on the performance.