European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
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Effect of Spraying with Marvel Nutrient and Antioxidants on the Mineral Content of Apricot leaves Labib Cultivar
Get PDFThis study was carried out in one of the orchards of Kerbala city/Al-Hussainiya district. Where 30 apricot trees of Labib cultivar were selected, each tree was considered as an independent experimental unit with three replications. Foliar fertilizer by Marvel Nutrient solution at a concentration (0,2) ml/L was the first factor and the second factor was antioxidants which represented by ascorbic acid and citric acid at concentrations (500,1000) mg/L. for each tree. In addition, water was sprayed as the control application. The results showed that there was a significant effect for experimental treatments on the content apricot trees leaves of the mineral elements (Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and iron as the nutrient solution F2 and the antioxidant factor A2, S2 were superior. The interactions between factors F2*A2, F2* S2 (nutrient solution and antioxidants) was greater in giving the highest results levels of the content apricot trees leaves of the mineral elements (NPK, Fe and Zn). 
Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Cause of Mold Grape Fruits and Evaluation of Effectiveness of Arabic Gum and Frankincense Inhibition of the Infection of Mold Grape Fruits
Get PDFThe research was conducted at the laboratories of the College of Agriculture, at Karbala University. The main aim of this study was to identify and isolate fungi for grape rot and spoilage seen in marketplaces and storage facilities. Additionally the researchers examined the pathogenicity of these fungi testing concentrations of gum Arabic and frankincense to see their impact on grape rot causing fungi. The results of isolation and diagnosis revealed the presence of the fungal species Fusarium(T2), Aspergillus(T4), Geotrichum(T1), Populaspora(T3), and Phytophthora(T5) in all areas from which samples were collected, including Al-Hindiya, Al-Husseiniya, and Al-Khayrat. The results showed that all tested isolates caused a significant increase in the percentage severity of infection under laboratory conditions. The fungi Fusarium and Aspergillus showed the highest percentage severity of infection, reaching 82% and 80%, respectively, followed by Geotrichum with a percentage severity of 75%, compared to other treatments and the control treatment, which had a percentage severity of 0.00%.The results also noted that most treatments significantly affected the growth of fungal isolates on the PDA culture medium. The percentage inhibition fungal growth of (T5) was highest 44.44% with treatment of 15% concentration of frankincense and gum Arabic separately follow by (T4) treated with 15% concentration of frankincense and (T1) treated with 15% concentration of gum Arabic. In contrast, the lowest inhibition fungual growth of fungi was 14.30% for (T3) and (T2, T3) treated with frankincense and gum Arabic respectively compared with other treatments. 
Anticandidal efficacy of the Secondary Metabolites Extracted from Carthamus tinctorius L. Seeds
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the crude Alkaloids, Flavonoids, and Terpenoids compounds extracted from seeds of Carthamus tinctorius L. against Candida species isolated from different clinical samples such as mouth and vagina in the province of Babil 2021 in Iraq. Antifungal activity was achieved in vitro by using agar well diffusion method against Candida species by preparing three concentrations for each crude compound 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml and compared to positive control represented by Fluconazole 50mg/ml and negative control represented by 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. This study aimed to control Candida species isolated from different clinical samples such as mouth and vagina by using secondary metabolites extracted from seeds of Carthamus tinctorius L. The data collected from the study revealed that the crude Alkaloids, Flavonoids, and Terpenoids compounds extracted from seeds of Carthamus tinctorius L. showed reduction at P≤ 0.05 in the growth of Candida species, especially at 100mg/ml compared with negative control. Finally, it can be concluded that Carthamus tinctorius L. is most effective in controlling Candida species, especially Alkaloids compounds. 
Socioeconomic Status, Parental Expectations, and Student Motivation as Predictors of Academic Performance of Grade 12 Senior High School Students
Get PDFThis study aims to explore the interplay of socioeconomic factors, parental expectations, and student motivation in predicting academic success. Utilizing a quantitative research design, the study collected data from 99 senior high school students through structured questionnaires. The findings indicate that students from higher socioeconomic backgrounds generally have access to better educational resources, leading to higher academic performance. Parental expectations were found to significantly motivate students, fostering a supportive learning environment and encouraging academic excellence. High levels of student motivation were also identified as crucial for academic success, promoting effective study habits and resilience. The research underscores the importance of a holistic approach in educational policy, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to support students from disadvantaged backgrounds. By understanding the influence of family environment on student motivation and performance, educators and policymakers can develop strategies to enhance educational outcomes. This study contributes to the broader discourse on educational equity, highlighting the role of socioeconomic status and parental involvement in shaping student achievements. It calls for collaborative efforts between schools and families to create conducive learning environments that support all students' academic endeavors. 
Students' Perceptions of Business Ethics and Accounting Ethics Education among University Students Majoring in Economics and Business
Get PDFThe increasing importance of ethical standards in business and accounting practices has underscored the necessity of effective ethics education in universities. This study delves into the perceptions of university students majoring in Economics and Business regarding business ethics and accounting ethics education. As future professionals, their understanding and appreciation of ethical principles are crucial in shaping a trustworthy and responsible business environment. This research aims to explore the depth of students' awareness, the effectiveness of current educational approaches, and the impact of these educational experiences on their ethical perspectives. Utilizing a comprehensive mixed-methods approach, the study surveyed a diverse sample of students across different years of study and specializations within the Economics and Business faculties. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires, while qualitative insights were gathered via in-depth interviews. The findings reveal a nuanced landscape where students exhibit varying degrees of ethical understanding and commitment. Notably, there are significant differences in perceptions between students focusing on business ethics and those specializing in accounting ethics, highlighting the distinct nature and challenges of these fields. The study identifies key factors influencing students' perceptions, including the role of curriculum design, pedagogical strategies, and the integration of real-world ethical dilemmas in classroom discussions. Students reported that interactive teaching methods, such as case studies and group projects, significantly enhance their engagement and comprehension of ethical concepts. Conversely, a lack of practical application and insufficient emphasis on ethics in certain courses were cited as major shortcomings. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of fostering a holistic educational environment where ethical considerations are seamlessly integrated across all subjects. It suggests that universities should adopt a more interdisciplinary approach, ensuring that ethics education is not confined to standalone courses but permeates the entire academic experience. By doing so, institutions can better prepare students to navigate the complex ethical landscapes they will encounter in their professional careers. The implications of this study are far-reaching, offering valuable insights for educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers aiming to strengthen ethics education. It advocates for a continuous review and enhancement of educational practices to meet the evolving demands of the business world. 
The Effect of Advertising on Increasing Sales of Food Products
Get PDFReducing the consumption of unhealthy food is a major public health priority. Food marketing is part of the collateral environment that influences children’s food preferences and diet. The food, beverage, and restaurant industries are the biggest individual product advertisers. As such, there is a large concern that advertising can lead to obesity, which may lead to various health problems. The food advertising that children are exposed to falls into two main categories. The first consists of food advertising, and the second consists of food product packaging, which includes television advertising as well as packages of food sold at the supermarket. Advertising is a major business expense that affects certain food product sales. Well-targeted advertising helps to successfully promote food products. The main objective of any for-profit company, like any advertising campaign, is to create sales, and this study is directly interested in examining the impact that food advertising has on food sales. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the factors that more heavily affect the increase of sales of food products, taking into account that advertising has a positive influence. 
Efficacy of Natural Artificial Saliva and Natural Saliva Stimulant in Xerostomia: A Review
Get PDFXerostomia, characterized by reduced salivary flow, leads to significant health issues that compromise oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL). Current therapeutic approaches for xerostomia include artificial saliva and saliva stimulants, which aim to restore moisture and lubrication to oral surfaces. Natural products have been utilized in medical applications for centuries due to their bioactive compounds that exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, their efficacy in treating xerostomia remains unclear. This review aims to assess the efficacy of natural artificial saliva and natural saliva stimulants in treating xerostomia. Methods, the data synthesis followed a rapid review protocol by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Electronic databases were searched for articles published from 2004 to 2024 that evaluated the efficacy of natural artificial saliva and natural saliva stimulants for xerostomia Results obtained from PubMed and ScienceDirect databases identified 37 scientific articles, of which 7 met the inclusion criteria. This review study found that a combination of Malva sylvestris and Alcea digitata, lycopene-enriched virgin olive oil, a combination of Matricaria chamomilla and Linum usitatissimum, Althaea officinalis, and licorice improved xerostomia-related symptoms enhanced patient quality of life. Conclusion, natural compounds exhibit pharmacological activity in reducing xerostomia symptoms and improving quality of life (QoL). They show potential as constituents of artificial saliva and saliva stimulants. 
The Influence of Emergency Department Information System (EDIS) in the Quality of Health Data: The Case of Muhimbili National Hospital
Get PDFThe study investigated the extent to which the EDIS is adopted among health care workers at the Muhimbili National Hospital – Emergence Medicine Department (MNH – ED), EDIS data quality among health care workers at MNH – ED and the influence of using EDIS to health data quality improvement at MNH. The study used mixed research approach where both quantitative and qualitative techniques were utilized. Data collected by using questionnaire and Interview. Total of 220 out of 238 respondents completed the survey and 6 employees from the Emergency Department (ED) were interviewed. Respondents of this study obtained from ED at MNH. It is further reported that accuracy of data has significant positive impact on Effective use of EDIS (β = 0.282, P = 0.024). Results indicated that, completeness of data have significant positive impact on Effective use of EDIS (β = 0.426, P = 0.046). Moreover, the results indicated that, consistency of data have significant positive impact on Effective use of EDIS (β = 0.249, P = 0.034). Results indicated that, timeliness of data have significant positive impact on Effective use of EDIS (β = 0.518, P = 0.000). Moreover, effective use of EDIS has a positive effect on improved data quality outcomes. This implies that use of EDIS indicators including ease of use had (β= 0.123, p-value=0.014), Suitability for the task had (β=0.360, p=0.003) and user satisfaction had (β=0.32, p= 0.004 which have significant positive impact on outcome of data quality. 
Probability of Default. A Machine Learning Approach for Non-Financial Companies
Get PDFThis paper aims to enhance credit risk assessment for non-financial companies in Romania by developing a machine learning (ML) model to estimate the probability of default. Utilizing an extensive set of microeconomic data, including financial statements, loan-level data from the Credit Risk Register, shareholder structure, export and import activities, and external debt, the model provides a comprehensive analysis of a company’s financial health and risk profile. The ML model employs logistic regression for classification, with 80% of the data used for training and 20% for validation. The model’s performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve and confusion matrix, demonstrating an accuracy of 88%. Further validation through point-in-time estimation confirmed the model’s stability. The study is limited by the relatively low number of defaulting companies in the sample and the unique economic disruptions of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. To account for these factors, a Random Under Sample Boosted Trees approach is employed, which improves the model’s ability to distinguish between defaulted and non-defaulted debtors. Despite these limitations, the research concludes that integrating extensive financial data and advanced ML techniques have the potential to markedly enhance credit risk assessment, providing a reliable tool for financial institutions to manage credit risk effectively. Future improvements could address data imbalance and incorporate more diverse economic conditions to enhance predictive power for defaulting companies. 
Educating Patriotism for Students According to Ho Chi Minh's Ideology
Get PDFPatriotism education in the current context is one of the important solutions to build new socialist people to meet the requirements of the cause of building and protecting the Fatherland. The 13th National Congress of the Party emphasized: "Pay more attention to educating morality, personality, creative capacity and core values, especially educating the spirit of patriotism, pride, and self-esteem." National respect, national traditions and history a sense of social responsibility for all classes of people, especially the younger generation. The Vietnamese people have a passionate patriotic tradition. That tradition is always preserved and promoted by everyone. That is the red thread that determines all victories of the nation.