European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
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Effect of Adding Vitamin to Cooking Oil on Peroxide Value
Get PDFThe aim of this research is to reduce the number of peroxides in two frying oil samples by using one of the natural antioxidants which is vitamin E, one of the chemical specifications that assess the oil is the peroxide number, which is the number of free radicals formed in the oil and the number of peroxides increases during exposure to heat, moisture, oxygen, bad storage conditions, light or other conditions. These peroxides have a harmful effect on the consumer health (Carcinogenic substances). The vitamin E had a clear impact on the peroxide value, as when conducting the experiment and using oil to fry potato slices, the number of peroxides was high before adding vitamin E which score approximately (Peroxide number is 5.6 for 15 minutes, 9.8 for 30 minutes, and 11.6 for 45 minutes). After using vitamin E in amount of 10 microgram per 100 ml of oil, the effect was clear of vitamin E on the number of peroxide as it decreased significantly. Which scored (5 for 15 minutes, 8.1 for 30 minutes, 8.9 for 45 minutes), When vitamin E added by 20 microgram the result was (4.8 for 15 minutes, 5.5 for 30 minutes, 6.5 for 45 minutes). 50 micrograms per 100 oils shown to have no significant effect on the peroxide value. it was found that the best concentration is 20 micrograms for a sample of 100 ml of oil. 
Study the Structure and Properties of Antibacterial TiO2/HAP Coating onto Ti Alloy Using Electrophoretic Deposition Technique for Biomedical Application
Get PDFIn the present study, single layer, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and TiO2/HAP nano-particles coatings were fabricated by electrophoretic deposition on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. As a result of accidents, diseases and other causes, efforts and research are continued to reach results closest.
The damaged that occur to some of them in the living of the organism in general and the human being in particular, this can be done throughout the existing the implantation of medical minerals, ligaments of bones, teeth and other parts that compensate. Through science, opportunities and experiments have been provided to obtain satisfactory results in terms of the biocompatibility of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V implants and their alloys, which are classified as one of the best biocompatible materials within vivo tissues. This study aims to increase improve this alloy antibacterial properties by coating the surface with a bio ceramic (TiO2 and TiO2/HAP) nano-powders. were made on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V substrate using an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique, charged particles suspended in ethanol at a concentration of 50 g/L, for each powder with ideal conditions of 20V and a deposition time of (4 min). The surface characteristics of coated substrates, such as micro-hardness, surface roughness and wettability antibacterial test were evaluated and compared to that of the uncoated substrates. The results showed that the EPD is a promising technique to create a bio coating on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V substrate with outstanding structure and properties for biomedical applications. The results demonstrated that the coated sample under coating conditions (20V, 4min) which is close to the ratio found in living bone. The results also of the wettability test showed that the contact angle of the deposited paint is 5.9 degrees, and this positive result is useful for biomedical applications and proved that the coating is hydrophilic. 
The Delay and Failure of ICT Related Projects: Empirical Impediments in Ministries, Departments and Agencies in Tanzania
Get PDFThis study investigates impediments to ICT project success in MDAs in Tanzania. The study is carried using descriptive design and is carried in Dodoma and Dar es salaam with five big organizations implementing ICT projects which acted as representative of the rest. Such organizations include Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA), TAMISEMI, Electronic Government Agency (eGA), Tanzania Ports Authority (TPA) and Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority (TMDA). Data is collected through the use of questionnaire and analysed descriptively by the use of IBM SPSS version 20. Findings disclose that presence of inadequate staff with limited skilled, lack of up to date and supporting ICT infrastructure coupled with limited financial resources lead to ICT project failure. Based on these findings, the researcher concludes that, adequate skilled staff availed with the required facilities and funded effectively lead to ICT project success or otherwise. It is therefore recommended that meritocratic staffing be implemented but still on-job trainings should be emphasized as well. In the same vein, the researcher recommends the government to set sufficient budget to obtain the required ICT equipment for better project performance. 
Effect of Machining Parameters on the Surface Roughness of Medium Carbon Steel Using Lathe Machine
Get PDFThe service life of a machined part depends greatly on the quality of its surface roughness value. Depending on the requirements of the intended service life, machined parts may be smooth or rough. Therefore, the quality of surface finish of machined parts must be closely monitored by technicians, artisans and operators in the shop floor in order to achieve optimal output from machining operations. The quality of surface finish obtained through machining operations are affected by a number of factors. However, the most important factors are the cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. These are the parameters that directly affect the characteristics of the surface roughness value of a machined component. In this study, an investigation was carried out on the effect of machining parameters on the surface roughness of 0.3% medium carbon steel using the Lathe. All other factors inherent in the cutting operations was held as constant whilst the cutting parameters were intermittently varied. For each combination of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut, the corresponding value for surface roughness was measured and recorded. The methods of analyses chosen for this study were artificial neural network, response surface methodology and the factorial design. Findings from the study show that the result from artificial neural network and the factorial design method exhibited similar patterns with the results of previous studies which recorded that feed rate was the most significant parameter affecting surface roughness. Also, findings revealed that increasing feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut would result in a corresponding increase in the surface roughness values. Results obtained through response surface methodology generally did not agree with most of the findings of previous works in literature. Based on the predictive capabilities of the three models, statistical metrics indicated that the ANN model was found to be the best model with a coefficient of determination of 0.9979 and a mean square error of 0.003017. This was followed by the factorial design model with a coefficient of determination of 0.9298 and a mean square error of 0.0980. The model from the response surface methodology came last with a coefficient of determination of 0.9600 and a MSE of 0.1008. From the findings, it is strongly recommended that values of feed rate must be systematically selected during machining operations and the models developed could be used to predict the surface roughness of 0.3% medium carbon steel by technicians and artisans on the shop floor. 
A Comparative Study of the Performance and Efficacy of Different Types of Hammer Beater Heads Used in a Newly Developed Palm Kernel Nut Cracking Machine
Get PDFA newly developed palm kernel nut cracking machine was developed at the department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Uyo, the work was aimed at alleviating the difficulties faced by farmers in cracking their palm kernels manually. To further increase the efficiency and the capacity of the developed machine a study was carried out on the machine using 2-arm hammer beater, 3-arm hammer beater, and 4-arm hammer beater to establish the best beater that will result in high capacity and efficiency while using the palm kernel nut cracker. The research work which was titled ‘’A comparative Study of the Performance and Efficiency of Different Types of Hammer Beater Heads Used in a Newly Developed Palm Kernel Nut Cracking Machine’’ was successfully completed. The three different hammer beaters were tested on the newly developed palm kernel cracker and the result showed that in all the parameters tested none could emerge the overall best. However the work discovered that the best operating speed for all the three beaters was 1000rpm, for shorter cracking time the 4-arm hammer beater was the best, for least number of unbroken nuts 2-arm beater was the best, for highest number of cracked nuts 4-arm hammer beater was the best, for number of un-cracked nut, 4-arm beater had the least, and finally the result showed that 2-arm hammer beater had the highest overall efficiency of 88.37% , and 4-arm hammer beater had the best effective capacity. This variations notwithstanding the 2-arm hammer beater out-performed the others in many of the measured parameters and is recommended for the newly developed machine. 
The Role of Sulfur, Tryptophan Acid, and Methyl Jasmonate in Vegetative Growth, Quality Indicators, and Total Yield of Lettuce Plants
Get PDFThe experiment was conducted in one of the agricultural fields of the College of Agriculture – University of Karbala during the agricultural growing season 2023-2024. The factorial experiment was designed according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three factors: the first factor was the addition of agricultural sulfur at three levels (0, 15, and 25 kg ha-1), the second factor was spraying the amino acid tryptophan at three levels (0, 100, and 200 mg L-1), and the third factor was spraying methyl jasmonate at three levels (0, 75, and 150 mg L-1). The Least Significant Differences Test (L.S.D) was used to compare the means at a probability level of 0.05 for the growth and yield of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.). The results indicated that the vegetative growth indicators (plant height, stem diameter, total number of leaves, and dry weight of the plant) increased in value when the factors were combined (addition of sulfur at 25 kg ha-1 + spraying tryptophan at 200 mg L-1 + spraying methyl jasmonate at 100 mg L-1). The recorded values were (35.84 cm plant-1, 3.89 cm plant-1, 44.36 leaves plant-1, and 48.30 g plant-1) respectively. In contrast, the treatment sprayed with distilled water only gave the lowest results (27.96 cm plant-1, 2.65 cm plant-1, 26.71 leaves plant-1, and 25.18 g plant-1) respectively. In addition, The results showed that the chemical indicators of the plant increased when the factors were combined (addition of sulfur at 25 kg ha-1 + spraying tryptophan at 200 mg L-1 + spraying methyl jasmonate at 100 mg L-1), with total soluble carbohydrates content in leaves (29.15 mg g-1 dry weight plant-1), the percentage of fiber in leaves (37.06%), nitrate concentration in leaves (797.41 mg kg-1), and oil estimation (3.46%,) In contrast, the control treatment recorded the lowest values, with 18.06 mg g-1 dry weight plant-1, 15.27%, 1824.03 mg kg-1, and 1.03%, respectively. The combination of the three factors at the levels (sulfur at 25 kg ha-1 + tryptophan at 200 mg L-1 + and methyl jasmonate at 100 mg L-1) resulted in the highest values in the studied yield indicators of the plant (average marketable head weight (were 753.42 g per plant), and total yield (33.904 tons ha-1). In contrast, the control treatment, where plants were only sprayed with distilled water, gave the lowest results, with 361.66 g per plant and 16.275 tons per hectare, respectively. 
Analyzing the Factors by One-Way ANOVA Associated with Plain Weft Knitted Fabrics’ Production
Get PDFBangladesh has achieved a significant reputation for RMG exporting over the last three decades, particularly in knitwear. The knitwear sector is one of the self-supporting sectors of Bangladesh, which could meet 90% of the fabric requirements. However, there is an empirical relationship between machine diameter and fabric diameter. It’s assumed that the machine diameter determines the fabric diameter. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to test the significance of average shifting in fabric diameter from machine diameter and the overall effect of machine diameter on fabric diameter. Empirical research has been conducted for such an investigation. This study was carried out with a few factories and a full lot of each factory was inspected. Based on the collected data, diameters of machines were grouped into three levels to understand the variation of fabric diameters. Then, SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data, applying one sample t test and one-way ANOVA. However, the result of the analysis revealed that machine diameter has no effect but indicative means reduction were found in fabric diameters. In the future, more comprehensive studies could be done by including larger data. But now, these findings will help all the personnel related to the quality and production of knitted fabric. 
Impact of Leptin and Thyroid Hormone on Obesity in Wasit Province, Iraq
Get PDFThe current study investigates the correlation between thyroid dysfunction, specifically thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and obesity in children and adolescents. The researchers also assessed the levels of leptin hormone and lipid profiles in obese individuals compared to non-obese individuals.".
The study included 100 participants aged 7 to 15 years, divided into two groups: 50 obese individuals and 50 non-obese individuals as a control group. The body mass index (BMI) was used to determine obesity. Blood samples were collected from both groups to measure various parameters, including serum leptin, TSH, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL).
The statistical analysis of the data, performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), revealed significant differences between the two groups. The obese group showed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in serum leptin levels compared to the non-obese group. In contrast, the non-obese group had higher levels of T4, T3, and TSH, along with lower levels of leptin and all lipid profiles. The obese group had lower levels of T3 and T4, higher levels of TSH, and lower levels of leptin, as well as significant differences in lipid profiles when compared to the non-obese group.
These findings suggest that there is a relationship between thyroid dysfunction, leptin hormone levels, and lipid profiles in obese children and adolescents. However, it's important to note that the specific mechanisms underlying this relationship and the direction of causality are not discussed in the provided information. Further research would be needed to explore the implications and potential therapeutic interventions related to these findings. 
A New Mathematical Method for Dividing the Area of Land with a Trapezoidal Shape Longitudinally
Get PDFLand with a trapezoidal shape is often divided by the attempt method. This research attempts to find a new way to divide this type of land by deriving a mathematical law. It can be applied to divide trapezoidal-shaped land into a number of shares of equal area, as well as equal degree of benefit from public services as much as possible. 
A Review of Histoplasma capsulatum Associated with Pulmonary Histoplasmosis
Get PDFHistoplasma capsulatum is an intracellular dimorphic fungus that is distributed across the globe and is responsible for pulmonary histoplasmosis. Bats and birds are natural reservoirs for this pathogen, which is found in soils contaminated with these animals' excreta, grows in nature as a mold, and grows in the tissues of a susceptible host as a yeast. Transmission of the fungus occurs through inhalation of airborne spores. The clinical manifestation of primary pulmonary histoplasmosis, which is prevalent in some regions of North America, typically includes nonspecific symptoms like "fevers, malaise, chills, cough, weight loss, and wheezing." Importantly, the amount of fungal particles breathed and the host's immune status determine the severity of this fungal infection, with higher morbidity and mortality rates among immunocompromised individuals.
Pulmonary histoplasmosis is usually an acute, chronic, or disseminated infection and, like the primary form, resolves spontaneously or with antifungal therapy in immunocompetent hosts. Most pulmonary infections in immunocompetent hosts are asymptomatic, with acute pulmonary infections occurring after prolonged exposure to large quantities of spores. Conversely, in individuals with weakened immune systems, histoplasmosis frequently manifests as a disseminated illness, typically with a high mortality rate in untreated cases. Nevertheless, adequate therapy can significantly reduce the mortality rate.
The aim of this review was to emphasize the key aspects of H. capsulatum associated with pulmonary histoplasmosis, including geographic distribution of H. capsulatum, clinical presentation of pulmonary histoplasmosis, pathogenesis, immune response and virulence factors of H. capsulatum, pathophysiology of pulmonary histoplasmosis and COVID-19, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies.