European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
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Algorithm and Software Implementation of an Optimization Method
Get PDFIn this article we present an algorithm, software implementation and some numerical experiments for an optimization method applied to unimodal functions, which depends on a conveniently chosen free parameter. This algorithm contains as a particular case the method of golden section, for a certain choice of the parameter. Numerical results showed that the proposed algorithm leads to finding the optimal solution performing a smaller number of iterations than the golden section method, this fact being also justified from theoretical point of view. 
Innovations and Challenges in Soft Robotic Dynamics: Advanced Modeling, Interaction, and Control Mechanisms
Get PDFSoft robots are a rapidly growing field of robotics that uses compliant and deformable materials to create systems that can have differently shaped adaptive forces in unstructured environments. Because they are self-contained and inherently safe for human-robot interaction, these robots have potentially wide applications, including medical devices, industrial automation, machine inspection equipment, or environmental monitoring. Nevertheless, soft robots present unique challenges in design and control, especially when it comes to dynamic modeling and real-time control, given their infinite degrees of freedom, non-linear material response behavior, and complex interactions with the environment. In this paper, we review the methods of structural models; these include finite element methods (FEM), piecewise constant curvature (PCC) models, Cosserat rod theory, and mass-spring-damping model, with various trade-offs between computational expense and accuracy. We also dive into interaction simulation techniques, FSI, and contact mechanics, as well as actuation driven by magnetic and electric fields. This work discusses crucial concerns associated with computationally efficient, real-time control, material durability, and the unpredictability of environmental conditions. An integrated review of the future perspectives for more robust, efficient, and versatile soft robotics is presented. 
Review Article about Ventilator
Get PDFVentilators support patients who cannot breathe properly on their own and thus have a crucial role in the management of patients experiencing respiratory failure. Indeed, the number of patients needing ventilatory support is considerable. Consequently, saving lives by improving ventilators is an overarching goal. This review paper discusses the functionality of the devices to make them life-like, information guiding the adjustment of ventilators during therapeutic procedures, control systems enabling automatic tuning of ventilators, and evaluates how these technologies can be further improved. The focus is here on systems that directly transfer energy to the respiratory system. This includes not only positive pressure generators but also life support systems that apply negative pressures. Life-supporting ventilators that do not transfer any energy are beyond the focus, such as gas delivery systems that increase the oxygen concentration in natural or simulated in vitro lungs, which do not help the patient but the development of potentially better ventilators. We envision that the field still has many unsolved issues offering substantial scientific challenges that will keep researchers in respiratory mechanics occupied for many decades to come. 
Empowering Digital Transformation: The Strategic Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enterprise Innovation
Get PDFThis paper studies the transformative role of AI in driving digital innovation across enterprises, especially high-tech sectors. Applications of AI, such as machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision, guarantee operational efficiencies, improved customer experiences, and smooth strategic decision-making. Key areas of AI integration include supply chain management, where predictive analytics and dynamic routing improve logistics; production processes enhance productivity, including predictive maintenance and quality control; and customer service, where NLP-driven chatbots have enhanced the engagement of customers. Concurrently, AI-driven decision support systems have ensured that data-driven insights empower strategic planning and risk management. The paper underlines essential pathways for digital transformation with AI-driving: strategic development, regulatory frameworks, and effective risk prevention measures. Once AI technologies align with enterprise objectives, continuous sustainable growth can be achieved with sustained competitive advantages in today’s increasingly digital economy. This comprehensive approach highlights the multifaceted benefits of AI to ensure responsible and strategic AI adoption for long-term innovation in enterprises. 
Spiral Grating Optical Fiber for Generating Vortex and Vector Beams: A Novel Approach for High-Precision Beam Control
Get PDFOptical vortex arrays, characterized by their distinctive wavefront configurations, have widespread applications in optical communications, trapping, imaging, metrology, and quantum technologies. The techniques employed to produce these vortex beam arrays are essential for their applications. This work investigates the optical efficacy of a vortex beam converter combined with nanostructured gradient index elements and an optical fiber system, engineered to produce high-precision vortex beams. This paper presents an innovative fiber laser system engineered for the direct creation of ultrafast vector vortex beams, enabling fine control over spatial polarization patterns. Incorporating a helical or spiral grating structure within the fiber facilitates the efficient creation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes without requiring additional optical components. The device utilizes geometric phase control in the laser resonator to correlate polarization states with orbital angular momentum, facilitating adaptable transitions between vectorial modes. This tiny, passive fiber-based technology facilitates advanced applications in conventional and quantum optics, allowing for robust and scalable vortex beam creation. Numerical simulations augment our experimental findings. 
Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Drumstick Leaves Powder Supplementation in Prevention of Anemia among Adolescent Girls in Community, Bangalore: An Original Study
Get PDFBackground: Anemia is leading cause of mortality among adolescent girls worldwide. It is necessary to improve the hemoglobin level for preventing anemia. This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of DSLP intervention on anemia among adolescent girls with Iron Deficiency Anemia in community, Bangalore. This study was done with the intention of finding an efficient substitute in the form of non-haem iron of vegetable origin in drumstick leaves by administering as supplementation to treat nutritional anemia. Randomized clinical trial design was used in this study, the target group consisted adolescent girls with mild and moderate anemia.
Methods & Materials: The research design selected for this study was true experimental (pre and posttest control group design). The study was conducted in community under Urban Family Welfare Centre, Yeshwantpur, Bangalore. The samples are selected by systemic random sampling technique. Sample size was 60 anemic adolescent girls (10 to 19 years). The instruments used for this study were interview schedule, checklist to identify signs and symptoms of anemia, and Cyanmethemoglobin method to check Hb level, 60 anemic adolescent girls were selected through these instruments and pretest procedure and divided into two groups (Experimental and Control). One teaspoon of DSLP intervention for 30 continuous days was given to the experimental group. At end of the month posttest done for the finding out the effectiveness of DSLP intervention in prevention of anemia among adolescent girls.
Result: Revealed that the Experimental group’s pretest mean score of Hb level 10.427(±0.3552) and posttest mean scores of Hb level 10.660 (±0.2978) paired sample t-value 12.042 and DF 29, which is significant at P<0.05 level. It shows the effectiveness of DSLP intervention among adolescent girls with anemia in community, Bangalore.
Interpretation & Conclusion: The study findings revealed that there is a significant difference in the pre and posttest Hb level score with drumstick leaves powder intervention (‘t’ value 12.042). Therefore, it is evident that the DSLP intervention is effective in reducing iron deficiency anemia among adolescent girls. 
Advancements and Applications of Generative AI in Healthcare
Get PDFGenerative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has emerged as a transformative technology in healthcare transforming various aspects of the healthcare industry, such as medical imaging, drug design, synthetic data generation, etc. In this systematic review, we analyze 87 research articles that explore the application of GenAI technologies such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Diffusion Models, Large Language Models (LLMs), and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) across these domains. This review addresses several key research questions: which generative models are most frequently used in these applications, the main applications of GenAI in healthcare, the datasets that facilitate their development, and the evaluation metrics used to assess these models. Our findings indicate that GANs, Diffusion Models, LLMs, and VAEs are the predominant models applied in healthcare. Additionally, we have provided a brief summary of each research article, focusing on their contributions to the field. We have specifically selected only original research studies for inclusion, ensuring the relevance and credibility of the papers reviewed. This review serves as a foundation for understanding the current state of GenAI in healthcare. 
Catalyzing the Influence of Market Economics on the Pedagogical Discourse of Political Theory for Students at Tan Trao University
Get PDFIn the progressive journey of society, the role of education extends beyond knowledge transmission to shaping critical thinking and civic consciousness. However, the pervasive influence of market economics has presented both challenges and opportunities for education, particularly in the realm of political theory. At Tan Trao University, the interaction between market economics and political theory education for students is an indispensable issue. Nevertheless, upon closer examination, it becomes evident that this impact transcends mere financial considerations, involving the intersection of preparing for the labor market and the higher education mission of imparting knowledge and nurturing intellect. In this context, careful and nuanced considerations in approaching political theory education become paramount, aiming ultimately to cultivate citizens with profound understanding, critical thinking skills, and readiness to engage in societal development and construction. 
Rethinking the Role of Institutions in Water Resource Governance in Tanzania: What is Still Missing?
Get PDFThe question of how the government would ensure water supply for its people while protecting the environment remains a challenging endeavour. Emerging water resource management challenges have driven governments to reform governance policies. This includes the introduction of formal institutions of water management. Additionally, the Tanzanian government adopted Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) frameworks. However, evidence indicates that establishing formal institutions (which replaced the informal ones) has achieved little in improving water supply and ensuring sustainable water management. This study asks what is still needed to achieve sustainable water management in Tanzania. Using a systematic literature review, the study examined the experience of water resources management in Tanzania, particularly the formal institutions. The study found that formal institutions have been unable to ensure sustainable water resources management; they have weakened the informal institutions and attracted water conflicts. The study calls for considering and integrating the informal institutions (that have been serving communities for generations) in water resources management initiatives. 
Politics in Fisheries Management: Consultation with Fishing Communities in the Indian Ocean, Tanzania
Get PDFFisheries resources are declining globally. The fishers around the globe have been largely blamed for the decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of politics on fisheries management in Tanzania. To achieve this, a qualitative study was conducted in three fishing communities along the Indian Ocean. A total of forty six interviews was conducted. Additionally, six focus group discussions were conducted. Data were analyzed using a content analysis approach. Findings indicate that, politicians influenced sustainable fisheries management efforts in the study areas. This study concludes that, fishers should not be blamed for failures of sustainable fisheries management initiatives; instead, researchers and fisheries managers need to acknowledge and address several forces that shape and influence fishing practices including politics.