European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
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Bankruptcy Prediction Model in Service Companies during the Covid 19 Pandemic: A Comparative Analysis
Get PDFThis research aims to analyze differences in bankruptcy prediction models for service companies carried out in hotel, restaurant and tourism companies in Indonesia. This is very interesting to study considering the importance of companies predicting early the possibility of bankruptcy. The number of samples in this research was 20 service companies that were included in the sampling technique criteria. The data analysis used to test the hypothesis is the difference test using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The results of the analysis show that there are differences in bankruptcy prediction models for service companies during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of this research can be used as a reference for service companies to be able to choose the most appropriate prediction model in order to minimize the risk of bankruptcy. 
China’s Compliance to International Health Law and Its Implication to Global Health Security
Get PDFThe Covid 19 pandemic presented a defining challenge to public health and global security. The outbreak of the pandemic in China and its global implications raised persistent doubts of states’ compliance to international health laws. The pandemic therefore, provides an opportunity for us to ascertain the extent to which China adhered to the International Health Regulations. Though a great deal of experts have scrutinized Chinese public health policies in the aftermath of the pandemic, China’s compliance to the 2005 International Health Regulation and its implication to global health security remained unclear. The analysis is largely derived from the Global Health Security-GHS Index and other primary legal texts. The GHS Index represents the first comprehensive unit of measurement of global health security across 195 countries that are parties to the 2005 International Health Regulations. The outcome of the analysis exposed significant gaps in China’s compliance to international health laws. It also indicates that, though international health laws provide useful guidance to prevent, respond and manage pandemics, they are implemented in an ad hoc manner and generally have few tools at their disposal to enforce compliance. China’s failure to timely and adequately discharge its duties under the International Health Regulation prior to and in the wake of Covid 19 shows that the international community needs a new legal enforcement mechanism to ensure that states act promptly, transparently and effectively to protect the world’s population against pandemics. The challenge of a lack of statutory enforcement mechanism is insurmountable and it remains uncertain what the future holds for global health security. 
Mapping and Estimating Forest Stand Volume using Machine Learning Methods and Multi-Spectral Sentinel 2 Data
Get PDFSustainable forest management necessitates the mapping and estimation of forest stand attributes such as density, volume, basal area, and aboveground biomass. This study was conducted to explore the potential of geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, machine learning, and field inventories to estimate the forest stand volume of natural and plantation forests within watersheds in the Abra River Basin. The common machine learning regression techniques, which are random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and support vector machines (SVM), were used to model and predict forest stand volume. The validation of the three machine learning methods showed that the best model to estimate and map forest stand volume is the RF algorithm (R2 = 0.42, RMSE = 0.40 m3/plot, MAE = 0.31 m3/plot). Topographic variables such as the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and the spectral band Near Infrared (NIR) were the most important variables in predicting forest stand volume. The estimated forest stand volume using the RF model ranged from 33 to 115 m3/ha, with a mean of 59 m3/ha. The results of this study revealed that forest volume can be measured using freely available satellite data and machine learning techniques. 
Willingness to Pay for the Protection and Conservation of Forest Ecosystems in the Abra River Basin, Philippines
Get PDFThe forest ecosystems of the Abra River basin, Philippines, provide various ecosystem goods and services that are important to the wellbeing of its residents. This study used the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) of local residents for the protection and conservation of forest ecosystems within the basin. A total of 368 households were involved in the survey. The result showed that 78.26% of the respondents were willing to pay for forest protection and conservation activities. The estimated mean WTP (MWTP) using binary logistic regression is PhP 5.13/month/household. The MWTP was significantly influenced by marital status and bid amount. Further, the respondents showed awareness of the various goods and services provided by forest ecosystems, especially provisioning services. 
The Role of Power Electronic Converters in Microgrid Technology: A Review of Challenges, Solutions, and Research Directions
Get PDFThe paper is on the role of power electronic converters in microgrid technology: A review of challenges, solutions and research directions. The objective of the paper is to perform a comprehensive overview of the role of power electronic converters in microgrid technology, focusing on challenges, solutions, and research directions. Findings revealed that major challenges of power electronic converters integration in microgrid technology are voltage and frequency regulation issues, power quality issues, creative management and coordination challenges, and Integration of renewable energy sources. The solutions to these problems are advanced control algorithms such as Model Predictive Control (MPC); deployment of active power filters or harmonic compensators to reduce harmonic distortion and improve power quality; iimplement a centralized control system with centralized monitoring controllers to coordinate the operation of several converters and ensure consistent operation; and combining multiple renewable energy sources in a hybrid energy system to diversify generation sources and reduce the gap. The future research directions include, among others, advanced control strategies, grid-forming converters, wideband semiconductor, and cyber-security and Resilience. The paper concludes that the integration of power electronic converters into microgrid technology presents both opportunities and challenges. Although these converters play an important role in the efficient conversion, distribution and utilization of energy in microgrids, they face various technical and practical challenges. To mitigate these challenges, the implementation of advanced control strategies, grid-forming converters, etc., is inevitable. 
Effect of Tin Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Aluminium Bronze Alloyed with 4% Nickel
Get PDFThe current study investigates the impact of adding tin to aluminium bronze alloyed with 4% nickel on its microstructure and mechanical properties. Sand casting was chosen as the most cost-effective and efficient method of preparing the aluminium bronze alloy. Following their melting points, six distinct samples of aluminium bronze alloyed with 0% to 10% tin were added into the crucible furnace. Nickel with the highest melting point of 1453°C was added into the crucible furnace first, while tin with the lowest melting of 231.9°C was added last into the crucible furnace. The alloying components were mixed well by manually mixing the liquid for around five minutes. After sand casting, the specimens were machined, sectioned, and grounded then tests were carried out to measure their hardness, tensile strength, and impact resistance. The results of the tests indicate that the tensile strength first increases and subsequently declines as the tin addition increases. The hardness of the aluminium bronze alloy increases as the proportion of tin addition increases. The results of the investigations also demonstrate that as the hardness of the specimens increases, their impact resistance decreases and the tensile stress of each specimen increases with strain. 
Utilizing Visual Stimuli to Foster Engagement Among English Speaking Skill Learners During Instructional Sessions
Get PDFThe utilization of imagery proves highly effective in stimulating interest and fostering motivation for learners during the process of honing English speaking skills. Through this approach, not only does it facilitate learners in easily conceptualizing and comprehending concepts visually, but it also provides a platform for them to discuss and articulate ideas with confidence and creativity. Imagery serves as a bridge between language and real-life experiences, thereby igniting learners' passion and curiosity, aiding in their rapid and effective progress in language acquisition. In the journey of refining English speaking skills, imagery transcends mere static pictures to become gateways to myriad worlds. When educators incorporate images into the classroom, they bring not only pictures but also emotions, stories, and even dreams. Each detail within an image serves as a key, unlocking the door to imagination, enabling learners to step into a rich world where language extends beyond words on paper to vibrant images within the mind. Through the integration of imagery, the learning process becomes vivid and captivating, transforming each lesson into an adventure, a voyage filled with exploration and anticipation. 
Evaluation of Slaughterhouse Infrastructure According to Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization (SSMO) - Gezira State, Sudan
Get PDFThis study was conducted to evaluate general and specific requirement of Gezira states slaughter house according to Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization SSMO. A total of 12 local slaughterhouse of Gezira state from different sites of localities were divided into three categories according to their constructions and establishment due to data sheets that created includes ten items (1-10), each item score ten marks when SSMO was found actually for evaluating slaughterhouse site, general shape building design, accessories equipments, drainage, services and general requirements. All the data of the experiments were statistically analyzed by analyses of variance applicable to completely randomized designs CRD.ANOVA table at a confidence level of 5%. Questioner analyzed with Chi square test by using the computer with Statistical Package for Social Study (SPSS) program and Duncan multiple range tests was used to detect difference between means. According to Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization sheets the study showed no significant different (P<0.05) among different slaughterhouse categories for slaughterhouse site for living area, waste places, industrial polluted areas, odorous areas, insect and pest areas, livestock marketing place, main roads, voltage areas and communication media while the study showed significant different (P<0.05) between experimental groups for slaughter house drainage system. Slaughterhouse general structures showed no significant different (P<0.05) among different slaughterhouse categories for slaughter house surround structure while workers entrance, exits, animal entrance door preparing, operations and waiting pens showed significant different (P<0.05) between experimental groups . Slaughterhouse accessories showed no significant different (P<0.05) among different slaughterhouse categories for maintenance workshop and animal transport traffics while the study showed significant different (P<0.05) between experimental groups for slaughter house car wash unit, building foundation, slaughterhouse walls, slaughterhouse floor, slaughterhouse roofs, ventilation and light, pens design, animals partitions, water resources, and animal quarantine. The study showed all the slaughterhouse of Gezira state don’t matching Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization requirements so, the authors recommend to entitling and establishing new slaughterhouses that conform to the Sudanese standard for the slaughterhouse. 
Simulation of Barcode Based Students’ Examination Attendance System
Get PDFEvery educational institution has specific standards when it comes to student attendance in classes and exams. The significance of students' presence during exams cannot be overstated, leading administrators and professors in various academic settings to be vigilant about attendance issues. In many Nigerian institutions, the requirement is that students must achieve a 70% attendance rate, which is also factored into their final grades. Consequently, there is a substantial demand for a system to track and document student attendance, highlighting the necessity for a tool to manage students' presence effectively. This research students’ examination attendance using barcode focuses on developing a web-based application that would capture students’ attendance details using barcode technology. In eliciting data to develop a new system, the primary and secondary methods were used and evolutionary model was adapted for the software development. For the system design, various tools were used to captured basic system functionalities and attributes and to model the design including flowcharts, UML use case, class diagrams, entity relationship (ER) in a bid to develop the new system. For the front-end design, PHP, CSS5, JavaScript and HTML5 were used. While for the back-end, PHP, Apache and MySQL were used. The entire system was tested using XAMPP server to provide an enabling environment. After which it was concluded the system works according to specification, in conformity with the original aim. 
The Effect of Mouthwash in Oral Microbiome: A Literature Review
Get PDFThe oral microbiome contains over seven hundred bacterial species as well as fungi, viruses, archaea, and protozoa. The complex equilibrium between resident species in the oral cavity is responsible for the maintenance of a healthy state or a state associated with disease. Mouthwash has also been shown to reduce plaque and gingivitis. The purpose of this article is to update our current knowledge of the effect of mouthwash in oral microbiome and to discuss the impact of mouthwash on changes in the oral microbiome. The article was conducted of two databases and were limited to period January 2019 to May 2024 with combination of the following keywords: “oral microbiome” associated by the Boolean operator AND. The results obtained were 11 articles found at the beginning of the search in both databases, and the 6 full text articles were selected for further review and discussion. Commensal, gingivitis and halitosis associated species were significantly reduced by twice daily use of LCM (Listerine Cool Mint) or ACPM (alcohol-containing prototype mouthrinse). The AFPM (alcohol-free prototype mouthrinse) group showed no statistically significant reductions. Its microbiological action is not due to selective killing of pathogenic bacteria but rather via a reset mechanism, in which the plaque microbiome composition is shifted to a healthier state after repeated use. CHX (Chlorhexidine) led to an increase in the abundance of some genera such as Neisseria, Streptococcus and Granulicatella, and lowered the abundance of Actinomyces, but did not affect the abundance of Veillonella. The effect of mouthwash in oral microbiome are short-term and long-term impacts on supragingival plaque microbiome, return from dysbiosis to healthier levels, increasing abundance of common oral opportunistic bacteria, reduce the oral pathogenic microbial load in healthy subjects.