European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
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Development and Analysis of Higher-Order Compact Schemes for Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems with Applications
Get PDFThis paper presents the development and rigorous analysis of higher-order compact finite difference schemes for solving nonlinear two-point boundary value problems. Fourth- and sixth-order compact schemes are proposed to solve Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems aim to achieve high accuracy and computational efficiency. Equations with analytical solutions were used to validate the effectiveness of the schemes. Applications are demonstrated through three diverse examples, showcasing the adaptability and robustness of the proposed approach. The results underline the superiority of higher-order schemes compared to traditional methods, particularly in handling nonlinearities and complex boundary conditions. 
Effect of Astaxanthin on Blood Factors and Chemical Composition of Carp Cyprinus caprio
Get PDFAstaxanthin dye was extracted from the Lobster shells to study its effect on the blood factors of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). mixture of organic solvents hexane and acetone (1:1, V/V) is used for Astaxanthin extraction. Extracted dye was added at 0.5, 0.10, and 0.15 mg/kg to four experimental diets that fed to common carp fingering for 60 days. The chemical composition of the control and experimental diet protein, fat, ash, and moisture content was 42, 6.2,7.5,7.13% respectively. Blood samples Parameters observed that the highest values observed in fish-fed diets with 150 mg/kg in blood factors PVC, BRC, and WRC were recorded at 36%, 1.45 106 mm3, 33.6 103 mm3, and 14 g/dl respectively compared to a control diet. It was concluded that supplementation of astaxanthin at 150 mg/kg increased the immune system in C. carpio. The scores for A, B, C, and D were 73%, 73.2%, 73.1%, and 73.1%, respectively. The results showed an increase in the protein, fat, and ash content were 18, 15, and 3% respectively, for fish fingerlings fed with astaxanthin at a rate of 0.15%. 
A Comprehensive Review of Potassium Extraction Methods from K-Feldspar
Get PDFWith the global population expected to reach 9.8 billion by 2050, increasing agricultural productivity to meet food demand is critical. Potassium is a vital macronutrient for plant growth, yet over 90% of potassium fertilizers come from water-soluble salts that constitute less than 1% of global potassium reserves. Potassium feldspar (KAlSi3O8), abundant and rich in potassium and alumina, presents a promising alternative source, but its extraction is hindered by low solubility and high processing costs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various methods for extracting potassium from K-feldspar, including acid leaching, hydrothermal processing, roast-leaching, and microbiological techniques. It also highlights the role of ultrasound- and microwave-assisted methods as auxiliary approaches to improve extraction efficiency. The mechanisms, efficiencies, influencing parameters, and recent advancements of each method are comprehensively analyzed. Furthermore, this review also provides a detailed overview of statistical methods used to optimize high potassium extraction processes, aiming to reduce both costs and experimental effort through fewer experimental runs. Finally, the review outlines future research prospects and potential strategies for enhancing the efficient extraction of potassium from K-feldspar. 
Assessment of Knowledge of Health Care Workers Regarding Occupational Safety and Health in Sporting Students Hospital
Get PDFRegarding prevention of occupational injuries and diseases, spreading awareness of occupational safety and health (OSH) is a pivotal factor. Hence, many organizations have executed protocols to raise awareness and knowledge of OSH in the work setting .The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of health care worker regarding occupational health and safety hazards. This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Sporting Hospital in Alexandria on 100 participants of health care workers. The Collection of Data data was done through a questionnaire which was based on and modified from that of a previous Malaysian study. The questionnaire was reviewed by 2 experts to assess validity. A pilot study was conducted with six healthcare professionals to assess the clarity and reliability of the study tool. The Cronbach test result was 8.2 which is considered a good level of reliability. The questionnaire comprised 10 multiple choice questions divided into the following groups: 2 general OSH questions, 2 OSH legislation, 3 occupational hazards questions and 3 Personal Protective Equipment questions. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). In this study 100 Healthcare workers have participated. The total knowledge scores among the 100 healthcare staff members showed a mean of 7.18 with a standard deviation of 1.17. In conclusion, the current study was conducted to assess the knowledge of health care worker regarding occupational health and safety hazards. The results demonstrated high knowledge level, with minor gaps in specific procedural or role-based knowledge among the participants. 
Financial Risk and Financial Performance of Tier 3 Commercial Banks in Kenya
Get PDFTier 3 commercial banks in Kenya play a vital role in the country’s economic growth by facilitating the supply of money and supporting economic ventures. However, these banks face significant challenges that affect their financial performance, with financial risk being a critical factor. Financial risk involves potential losses arising from inadequate revenue generation, operational failures, market volatility, or regulatory changes, and primarily manifests in credit, market, operational, and liquidity risks. The objective of the study was to assess the influence of financial risk on the financial performance of Tier 3 commercial banks in Kenya, with a focus on the moderating role of bank size. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted, targeting branch managers, executive managers, finance managers, credit managers, and other key personnel from Tier 3 banks. Data collection involved questionnaires for primary data and a secondary data collection sheet for financial performance metrics, analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that financial risk negatively affects financial performance, highlighting the need for effective risk management strategies. To mitigate financial risks, Tier 3 banks should implement robust risk-rating systems, continuous monitoring frameworks, and leverage financial innovations such as advanced analytics and digital tools to enhance decision-making. Strengthened internal controls, balanced loan portfolios, and adherence to prudential guidelines were also recommended to improve financial performance. Additionally, the study emphasized the importance of bank size as a moderating factor, underscoring the need for strategies aligned with the scale of operations. Future research could explore sector-specific risks and the role of emerging financial technologies in risk management for more granular insights. 
Assessing the Impact of the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on EU-China Steel Trade and Emissions: A GAMS-Based Analysis
Get PDFThis study examines the impact of the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) on trade flows and emissions in the steel sector, focusing on China’s response strategies. Using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model implemented in GAMS, we simulate five policy scenarios: baseline (no CBAM), full CBAM compliance, trade diversification, EU-China Emissions Trading System (ETS) alignment, and CBAM with subsidies. Results indicate that CBAM reduces China’s steel exports to the EU by 32% under full compliance but leads to carbon leakage if trade shifts to regions with weaker regulations. ETS alignment minimizes trade disruptions while achieving the most significant emissions reductions. Findings suggest that EU-China cooperation in carbon pricing mechanisms could optimize both economic and environmental outcomes. 
Assessment of Seismic and Wind Load Resistance in High-Rise Building Designs: A Comparison of Geometric Shapes
Get PDFAs the world moves towards modernisation, population growth has led to one of the most pressing challenges - limited land availability. To address this issue, the conventional approach of horizontal building designs needs to be reconsidered and the focus should shift to high-rise buildings. This study explores the design of a 50-storey high-rise building using different geometric shapes, namely rectangular, square, triangular, circular and elliptical. The design is based on keeping parameters such as floor area, column size, beam size and slab thickness constant across all shapes. Following the design process, various loads - seismic, wind, live and dead - are applied to the structure to simulate real world conditions. The primary objective of this work is to evaluate and determine the most stable and feasible building form for high-rise structures in the most critical seismic (Zone V) and wind (Zone V) zones. The shear force (Fy) on the beam of different building shapes is minimum for the elliptical shape building i.e. 4.838kN. The shear force (Fy) on the column of different building shapes is maximum for the rectangular shape building i.e. 88.301kN and minimum for the elliptical shape building i.e. 25.498kN. The bending moment (kNm) on the beam of different shapes of building is maximum for the elliptical shape building, and minimum for the rectangular shape building. i.e.13,939kNm. The bending moment (kNm) on the column of different shapes of building is maximum for the rectangular shape building. i.e.149.656kNm, and minimum for the elliptical shape building. i.e.37.083 kNm. The displacement (mm) on the beam of different shapes of building minimum for the elliptical shape building. i.e. 231.377 mm. The displacement (mm) on the column of different shapes of building is minimum for the elliptical shape building. i.e. 226.707 mm. The stress (N/mm2) on different shapes of building is and minimum for the elliptical shape building. i.e. 0.0034N/mm2.The safest shape of 50 storey high rise building in seismic zone v and in wind zone v is elliptical shape. The study shows that the safest shape of a 50-storey high-rise building in seismic zone v and in wind zone v is the elliptical shape. In addition, the study focuses on assessing the stress distribution and structural performance of each shape under these extreme loading conditions. The results are expected to provide valuable insights into the optimal design of high-rise buildings for seismic and wind resistance, contributing to safer and more efficient urban development. 
Estimation of Calcium and Iron Levels in Blood Samples of Amphetamine and Tramadol Addicts in Baghdad City, Iraq
Get PDFThe objective of the present study is to evaluate the health status of addicts for the purpose of treatment from a chemical perspective, especially biological elements such as iron and calcium, which are important in vital and metabolic processes in the body, and to assist the medical staff in addiction centers in treating addicts and returning them to normal life by collecting 60 blood samples from male addicts from Al-Rashad addiction rehabilitation centers, including 30 samples from tramadol users and 30 samples from amphetamine users, aged between 15 and 45 years. Iron and calcium elements were examined in blood samples of addicts using biochemical methods. The results found that iron values in users of both drugs were significantly low, while calcium levels were low in tramadol users and normal in people taking amphetamine, which may be due to malnutrition and lack of physical activity as a result of inactivity due to the effects of taking these drugs and other reasons discussed in this study. 
Biomathematics and Extensive Quantum Statistics of DNA and Biology
Get PDFFirst, some specific biomathematics is introduction. Next, two new mathematical methods are applied in biology, both are the simple joint relation of algebra in set theory, and the tree-field representation and the extensive Feynman diagrams in the graph theory. Third, the Cambrian life explosion originated from unicellular to bicellular to multicellular, so we propose that it can be explained by chaos. Fourth, based on the extensive quantum biology and the biological particles, we propose the extensive quantum statistics of DNA and biology, and corresponding quantum equations. Fifth, we discuss some new research of biology, such as the biological QED and QCD. Various levels in the biological systems have all laws with randomness and statistics, for which the most similar physical theory will be general quantum theory. 
Multi-Objective Optimization of PMSM Motor Performance Using Genetic Algorithm for Enhanced Torque and Efficiency
Get PDFIn this paper, the PMSM is utilised in electric automobile and industrial applications because of its compact size and excellent efficiency. Trade-offs in torque and efficiency determine the best performance of PMSMs. In this paper we present a new method for multi objective optimization of torque and efficiency enhancements using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). A parametric design, algorithmic implementation and simulation are performed. They show dramatic improvements in motor performance and gives a robust framework for future work.