European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
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Municipal Solid Waste Management Using Machine Learning: A Case Study in Sheger City, Koye Sub-city, Ethiopia
Get PDFMunicipal Solid Waste Management is an increasingly critical challenge in urban areas, intensified by rapid urbanization, population growth, and evolving consumption patterns. This study investigates the application of machine learning techniques to predict municipal solid waste generation in Sheger City, Koye Sub-city, Ethiopia, using data from 2009 to 2023. Three machine learning models, ARIMA, RF, and LSTM, were employed to forecast waste generation trends for the period 2024–2028, considering various socio-economic and demographic factors. Among the models, LSTM demonstrated the highest accuracy, with MSE of 1.62 × 10⁸ tonnes, MAE of 9,500 tonnes, and R² of 0.93. These results outperformed ARIMA (MSE = 3.84 × 10⁸ tonnes², MAE = 15,200 tonnes, R² = 0.85) and RF (MSE = 2.91 × 10⁸ tonnes², MAE = 12,800 tonnes, R² = 0.89). The forecasts predict an 8.5% increase in total waste generation, from 3,852,150 tonnes in 2023 to 4,177,500 tonnes by 2028. Notable growth is expected in high-volume waste streams, including food waste (13.5% increase) and plastic waste (8.9% increase). These findings highlight the urgent need for enhanced waste management strategies, including expanded recycling programs and policy interventions. This study provides a robust framework for leveraging machine learning models to guide waste management decisions, contributing to more sustainable urban waste management practices in rapidly growing cities. 
Effect of Urtica Dioica and Camellia Sinensis on Rooster Reproductive and Testicular Traits
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the effects of varying dosages of Urtica dioica (nettle) leaf powder and Camellia sinensis (white tea) powder on the reproductive and histological characteristics of rooster testes. Conducted at the College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, over a 42-day period, the experiment involved 21 roosters at 45 weeks of age, which were randomly assigned to seven treatment groups with three replicates each. The treatment groups included: a standard diet without any additives as the control; a standard diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg of white tea powder; a standard diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, or 200 mg/kg of nettle leaf powder. The results demonstrated significant improvements in sperm concentration, osmotic resistance, ejaculate volume, and individual sperm motility in certain groups receiving white tea and nettle leaf powders
A Review of Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources and Adaptive Strategies: A Case Study of Windhoek in the Namibian Context
No full textThe study presents a comprehensive review of the impacts of climate change on water resources and adaptive strategies, with a specific focus on Windhoek, Namibia, a semi-arid urban area facing severe water scarcity. Climate change is altering global water cycles, intensifying hydrological extremes such as droughts and floods, which threaten water availability, quality, and management globally. Namibia is one of the world's most arid countries, with rising temperatures, erratic and declining rainfall, and high evaporation rates severely limiting surface runoff and groundwater recharge. Windhoek depends on a combination of distant dam systems, groundwater, and pioneering direct potable reuse to meet its water needs. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is a critical component of its integrated water resource management strategy, enhancing resilience during droughts by storing treated water underground. The city has reduced per-capita water consumption through strict demand management policies while expanding capacity in reclaimed water and artificial recharge. Despite these efforts, rapid urban growth and climate variability continue to challenge water security. The review underscores the importance of integrated approaches combining technological innovation, ecosystem-based adaptation, policy support, and stakeholder engagement to build resilience. It highlights adaptive measures such as rainwater harvesting, improved irrigation, and watershed management as essential for mitigating climate-induced water stress. Water scarcity threatens Windhoek's economic resilience, food security, and social well- being. Namibia should diversify water sources, expand MAR capacities, strengthen institutional frameworks, and advocate for regional cooperation for sustainable water supply. This review offers critical lessons on managing water scarcity through integrated climate-resilient approaches in Namibia
Granulometric and Sedimentological Analysis of Kerri-Kerri Formation Exposed Around Potiskum, NE Nigeria
No full textThis research investigates the sedimentological properties of sandstones of the Kerri-Kerri Formation exposed around Potiskum and environs. The study aimed to evaluate the textural characteristics, depositional environment, and sedimentary processes that influenced the sedimentation of the formation. Field mapping and sampling were carried out with the selection of 10 representative samples used for the granulometric analysis was carried out using sieve method. Statistical parameters, including mean grain size, sorting, skewness, and kurtosis were determined using the different methods outlined by previous researchers. The results revealed that the sandstones are predominantly coarse to medium grained, poorly sorted, and mostly positively skewed with leptokurtic to mesokurtic distributions. These features indicate deposition under moderate to high fluvial environments. Sedimentary structures such as massive bedding and biogenic burrows further support a fluvial deposition setting influenced by periodic current variations. The study concludes that the Kerri-Kerri Formation sandstones in Potiskum were deposited mainly in a fluvial system with minor deltaic and lacustrine influences. The findings contribute to understanding the sedimentary evolution of part of the Nigerian sector of the Chad Basin and provide baseline data for future geological and resource investigations in the area
Effect of Two Levels of AD3EC on Weight and Feed Conversion Efficiency of Local Lambs
No full textThis experiment was conducted in the animal field of the College of Agriculture and the Department of Animal Production at Thi Qar University, Marshlands, from 2\1\2025 to 1\4\2025, to study the effect of two levels of AD3EC on the weight and feed conversion efficiency of local lambs. The study included twelve local lambs with an average weight ranging between 13.00 and 13.55 kg. They were divided into three treatments: the control treatment was not given AD3EC, the second treatment was given 3 ml of AD3EC, and the third treatment was given 4 ml of AD3EC. The lambs were fed the same feed mixture. The results of the experiment showed a significant increase in the weights of the third treatment, which was given 4 ml of AD3EC, during weeks 6, 8, 10, and 12, with averages of (23.25, 16.80, 32.75, 35.75, and 44.50) kg. The feed conversion efficiency showed a significant decrease in the third treatment, with an average of 4.02 kg feed/kg weight gain
Implementing the Sponge City Concept (SCC) in Gaborone: Lessons from China and Beyond
No full textGaborone, Botswana’s capital city, faces an increasingly severe hydrological paradox—flooding during intense rains and water scarcity during dry seasons. This study explores the feasibility of implementing the Sponge City Concept (SCC) in Gaborone, drawing from China’s extensive experience and successful pilot projects. Using a qualitative desktop review of academic literature, government reports, and climate data, the paper highlights how SCC principles such as water absorption, storage, purification, and reuse can be tailored to semi-arid urban environments. Case studies from China (e.g., Ningbo, Wuhan, Xi’an) and Kenya (Kitui) demonstrate the adaptability and effectiveness of green infrastructure in addressing urban flooding, water shortages, and ecosystem degradation. The findings indicate that SCC implementation in Gaborone could yield environmental, social, economic, and institutional benefits, including flood mitigation, improved water security, urban greening, and increased public health. However, challenges such as funding constraints, technical maintenance, and institutional capacity must be addressed through phased implementation, policy alignment, and community engagement. The study concludes that a localized SCC model could significantly enhance Gaborone’s resilience to climate extremes and serve as a model for similar semi-arid cities in sub-Saharan Africa
Assessment of Construction Hauling Process Accidents and Causes within Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State, Nigeria
No full textThis study assessed the construction hauling process accident within Tertiary Institution in Rivers State. The specific objectives were to identify the types of hauling process accidents, their causes and challenges in various construction sites within selected Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State. The cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study. The population for this study comprised male and female within the age of 18 to 60 years above that are working at the various construction sites in the selected four Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State. Using a simple random sampling technique, a total of 400 copies of questionnaire were administered out of which 385 were retrieved and used for analysis. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for the analysis. Descriptive statistics involved the use of frequencies and percentages to express the responses from the questionnaire, while the hypotheses were tested using the Spearman Rank Order Correlation analysis to show the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Findings revealed that 66.2% indicated that manual handling caused accidents at construction sites in the study area. While 66.5% specifically indicated that electric shock at the construction sites is one of the main causes of accident in constructions sites, 42.1% agreed that defective equipment was the another important causes of accident at constructions sites. Thus, the study recommends that risk and safety experts should be contacted to assist in implementing some of the mitigation and personal protective equipment policy as measures to curb incessant accidents at the various construction sites within the tertiary institution in Rivers State
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Current Oil Spill Response Strategies in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
No full textThe study assessed the effectiveness of current oil spill response strategies in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Four hundred copies of the questionnaire were administered to the residents of the six communities randomly selected in the study area. It adopted descriptive statistics using frequency and percentage as well as inferential statistics in the form of Chi-square for the data analysis. Findings revealed that the majority (51.6%) of respondents were males and more than 50% were between the age of 20 and 50 years. The majority of the respondents (55.7%) had tertiary education. Furthermore, findings revealed that more than 60% of total respondents agreed that the use of bio-remediated materials, onsite bioremediation, ex-situ bioremediation and boomers were the effective current oil spill response strategies in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. There was a significant variation in the effectiveness of current oil spill response strategies such as bioremediation materials (χ 2=129.71, p=0.000), use of onsite bioremediation (χ 2= 128.52), the use of ex-situ bioremediation (χ 2=194.56; p=0.000) and the use of boomers (χ 2= 167.64; p=0.000). The study concluded that there are existing response strategies in the study location but they are not effective due to poor multi-agency collaboration, misinterpretation and inefficiency of information communication, poor coordination among stakeholders, long delays in information and response teams, and poor communication among stakeholders which are as well varied significantly among the communities. It is therefore recommended among others that the collaboration of the multi-agency should be reinstated and adequately established
Socialization of Education in the Southeast Region Contributes to Improving the Quality of Education and Training in the Current Period
No full textSince the mid-1990s, in Vietnam, the participation of non-state components in the provision of some types of public services has been institutionalized. According to Resolution No. 90/CP of the Government dated August 21, 1997 on the direction and policy of socialization of educational, medical and cultural activities: "Socialization of educational, medical and cultural activities is to mobilize and organize the broad participation of the people and the whole society in the development of those causes in order to gradually improve the level of enjoyment of education, medical, cultural and physical and spiritual development of the people...". After the Resolution was issued, it promoted the socialization of education to mobilize the participation of the whole society in the development of the educational cause, build a healthy educational environment, encourage everyone and every organization to contribute to the development of education and enjoy the results of education
Barriers Hindering Youth from Accessing Youth-Friendly Reproductive Health Services in Iringa Municipality, Tanzania
No full textThe purpose of this study was to explore barriers that hinder youth from accessing Youth-Friendly Reproductive Health Services (YFRHS) in Iringa Municipality. The study adopted a mixed-methods design, combining both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A sample of 115 participants was drawn, comprising 109 youths, two healthcare providers, two religious leaders, and two ward council leaders. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions and analysed using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that negative attitudes of health providers (71%), stigma and discrimination (69%), lack of confidentiality (63%), and insufficient knowledge (60%) were the most critical barriers. The study concludes that institutional, cultural, and psychosocial barriers significantly restrict youth access to reproductive health services. It recommends strengthening counselling services, staff training, and community engagement to foster supportive and youth-sensitive environments