European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
European Journal of Theoretical and Applied SciencesNot a member yet
1144 research outputs found
Sort by
Corporate Governance in Turbulent Times: Assessing Firm Performance and Risk in Pakistan During Economic Stability and Crises
Get PDFThis study examines the impact of corporate governance (CG) systems on risk and company performance in Pakistan under stable and crisis conditions. Using eleven years of panel data (2009–2019) from 71 non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) 100 Index, the study applies random effect models and the penalized least squares regression model. The Corporate Governance Index (CGI), based on key CG factors including blockholder’s ownership, independent directors, managerial ownership, CEO duality, institutional ownership, and board ownership serves as a self-assessment measure. Findings indicate no significant relationship between CG and shareholder returns (Tobin’s Q, EPS), except for a positive correlation between CG indicators, board ownership earnings, and firm age. While CG exhibits an inverse relationship with shareholder returns, its contribution to overall performance is limited. Additionally, CG and control variables show an insignificant link to risk, whereas Risk1 (a preceding risk factor) is significantly associated with the dependent variable, risk. The study underscores the importance of strong CG practices in enhancing investor confidence and regulatory trust, reinforcing the need for transparent governance frameworks in Pakistan’s corporate sector. 
Current Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Reproductive Medicine (and Predominant OB/GYN and Andrologic Conditions)
Get PDFArtificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly permeated clinical domains, including reproductive medicine, where its applications span from gamete assessment to population-level epidemiology. The convergence of machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and computer vision has enabled novel diagnostic, predictive, and decision-support tools that enhance clinical efficiency and patient outcomes. This paper provides a review of current AI technologies in reproductive medicine, encompassing assisted reproductive technologies, prenatal care, maternal health, sexual and contraceptive health, epidemiology, and low-resource settings. Ethical, legal, and social implications, as well as challenges related to data quality, clinical validation, and integration, are explored. Future opportunities in explainable AI, precision medicine integration, real-world evidence generation, and global collaboration are discussed. The analysis underscores AI’s transformative potential and highlights pathways for responsible deployment to advance reproductive medicine. 
Soil Compaction and Classification Analysis for Enhanced Load-Bearing Capacity in Construction
Get PDFSoil compaction represents a critical construction procedure that ensures the stability and load-bearing capacity of foundations, particularly in regions characterized by heterogeneous soil properties. This study addresses the paucity of soil compaction data in Khuzdar, Balochistan, by examining the compaction characteristics and classification of soil types in five selected areas: Wadh, Naal, Zehri, Karkh, and Khuzdar City. The research employs the Modified Proctor Test to determine the optimal moisture content and corresponding maximum dry density of soil samples. This methodology was selected due to its suitability for simulating higher energy compaction scenarios, thereby yielding precise assessments vital for structural and agricultural applications. The findings demonstrate variability in the compaction behavior of soils across the study areas, with the optimum moisture content (OMC) ranging from 9.13% in Naal to 11.26% in Zehri. Similarly, the maximum dry density varied significantly, indicating the influence of soil type on compaction characteristics. Soil classification using the soil texture triangle identified the soils in Wadh and Khuzdar City as predominantly loam, while those in Karkh and Naal were categorized as clay loam. Zehri exhibited substantial heterogeneity, with distinct soil types observed over short spatial distances. These results provide critical data for future construction and agricultural endeavors, emphasizing the necessity of thorough soil testing to ensure stability, load-bearing capacity, and environmental compatibility. This study addresses a notable gap in soil data for the Khuzdar region and offers valuable guidance for optimizing soil compaction in construction and land development applications. 
Immunogenic and Genetic Relationship in Holstein Friesian Cows in Diwaniyah Governorate, Southern Iraq
Get PDFThe study concluded the importance of some non-genetic factors (especially the milking season / the age of the animal and the season of birth) on the variables of blood serum and colostrum. These factors must be taken into account when making educational programs and calculating educational values. The study also showed the extent to which calves depend on their watering, both during pregnancy through the placenta and after childbirth by feeding on colostrum, which provides calves with immune bodies that do not pass through the placenta
Understanding the Role of Sirtuins in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Oral Ulcers: A Rapid Review
Get PDFOral ulcers are a prevalent clinical condition with multifactorial etiologies, including trauma, infections, systemic diseases, and immune dysregulation. Sirtuins, particularly SIRT1, play an important role in regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular repair pathways. This rapid review, conducted using the PRISMA protocol, synthesizes current evidence on the role of sirtuins in oral ulcer pathophysiology and their potential as therapeutic targets. A comprehensive search identified 140 articles in PubMed, 41 in ScienceDirect, and 4 in the Cochrane Library, of which 1 study met the eligibility criteria. The findings indicate that SIRT1 expression in the oral ulcer rats model is significantly lower than in normal controls, whereas NF-κB and TNF-α levels are markedly elevated in the control group. Pharmacological activation of SIRT1 attenuates inflammation, highlighting its therapeutic potential. However, the limited sample sizes and the lack of clinical trials specifically addressing oral ulcers restrict the generalizability of these findings. Additional study is needed to validate these findings and investigate SIRT1-targeted treatments. 
Building Encroachment on the Ntawogba Stormwater Drainage Servitude in Port Harcourt City, Nigeria
Get PDFSettlement intrusion into natural stormwater servitude is an organic phenomenon that occurs in urban areas if unchecked. This study evaluates the encroachment of building developments on the Ntawogba natural stormwater drainage servitude in Port Harcourt. The study employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study utilised a survey research methodology based on data obtained from a non-probability sample of forty (40) buildings selected purposively from the two-hundred and six (206) buildings observed as encroaching on the 15metres setbacks along the Ntawogba stormwater canal after a ground-truthing exercise and listing of buildings. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used for mapping the buildings within the stormwater servitude. Key informant data were obtained using a structured open-ended interview schedule from two (2) sources; the Director Building Plan Approval and Regulation and Director Development Control in the Rivers State Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban Development. The research found that the lack of stormwater management in the study area and extensive urban development particularly on wetlands due to the pressure of urbanisation and poor development control mechanisms were responsible for the 206 buildings on the stormwater drainage reserve. The study recommends that the stormwater sector plan of the Port Harcourt Master Plan, 1975 and the Greater Port Harcourt City Development Plan of 2009 to guide, monitor, control and manage the areas designated as stormwater servitude should be implemented to achieve sustainable urban growth and development. Agencies of Government should forthwith stop granting development permits to properties that fall within the stormwater servitude and the Rivers State Government should take steps to demolish all buildings encroaching on the Ntawogba canal to restore effective management and conservation of natural stormwater drainages. 
Anthelmintic Activity of 1,10-Phenanthroline Derivatives against Schistosoma Mansoni and Schistosoma Japonicum in vitro
Get PDFSchistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by blood-transmitted trematode worms of the genus Schistosoma and is endemic in several parts of Africa, the Middle East, South-East Asia and South America. Schistosomiasis is the most common neglected tropical disease, affecting an estimated 206 million people in 76 countries. Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum and S. mekongi cause intestinal disease, while S. haematobium and some stray infections of S. japonicum cause urogenital schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis is classified as a neglected tropical disease due to the lack of research and development of new diagnostics, therapeutics or vaccines to control the disease. A single oral dose of praziquantel has been the first-line treatment for schistosomiasis for nearly four decades. Although generally effective against juvenile and adult worms, praziquantel is less effective against developing stages. Public health concerns have been raised by recent reports of reduced susceptibility to praziquantel in some strains of schistosoma. The identification of new schistosomicidal compounds with novel mechanisms of action is essential.
Transition metal complexes with organic ligands exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumour and antiparasitic activities. Phenanthroline, a bicyclic aromatic compound, is a well-studied organic ligand that forms complexes with several transition metal ions, including copper, cobalt, zinc, silver, platinum and iron. These transition metal-phenanthroline complexes are bioactive against bacteria, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania amazonensis, Hela and breast adenocarcinoma cells. 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives are aromatic compounds containing a chelating nitrogen base. This study evaluated the in vitro anthelmintic activity of 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives against S. mansoni and S. japonicum using an in vitro adult worm assay. This is the first study to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives against Schistosoma species. 
The Need for a Multi-Media Approach in Agricultural Communication: Bridging Socioeconomic Gaps
Get PDFEffective communication is essential for disseminating agricultural knowledge, yet farmers' diverse socioeconomic backgrounds, literacy levels, and geographic locations pose significant challenges for using a single communication method. A multi-media approach, which integrates traditional, interpersonal, and mass media methods, offers a more inclusive solution to these challenges. While mass media channels like radio and television can raise awareness, interpersonal methods such as Farmers Field Schools (FFS) and group discussions provide opportunities for in-depth learning. Visual aids and folk media, including songs, plays, and flip charts, enhance understanding by presenting information in culturally relevant and accessible formats. Given that only 9.5% of farmers rely on a single source of information, integrating various media ensures comprehensive coverage, effectively reaching different farmer demographics. By leveraging this multi-dimensional approach, extension services can foster better knowledge transfer, cater to diverse audience needs, and promote sustainable agricultural practices. Ultimately, a multi-media approach maximizes the reach and impact of agricultural communication, ensuring that all farmers have access to the information necessary for informed decision-making and improved agricultural practices. 
The Effect of Adding Black Seed Powder and Probiotics on the Productive Performance of Broilers
Get PDFThis study was conducted at the Department of Animal Production - Faculty of Agriculture - Karbala University for the period from February 9 to March 9, 2025. The aim of the study was to find out the effect of black seed powder and bio-enhancer on some production traits of broilers. 80 non- homogenized broiler chicks were used. The chicks were raised on cage system and given two types of feeds, the starter feed which was fed from 1 day to 21 days old and the final feed for the end of the experiment. The chicks were randomly divided at the age of one week into 4 Test groups with 2 replicates per treatment, each replicate included 10 chicks, and the Test groups were: T1 Treatment 1: control (without any addition of leech); T2 Treatment 2: Black seed powder was added at 5 g/kg feed; T3 Treatment 3: Black seed powder was added at 7 g/kg feed; T4 Treatment 4: Black seed mixture was added at 10 g/kg feed + 0.01/kg of bio-enhancer feed. The highest rates were recorded in the T4 control group. 
Workplace Deviant Behaviour in Nigeria’s Public Sector: A Systematic Review
Get PDFWorkplace deviance is a significant issue in Nigeria, affecting both public and private sectors and undermining productivity, governance, and economic stability. Deviant behaviours such as bribery, fraud, absenteeism, favouritism, and corruption are widespread, resulting in inefficiency, low morale, and a lack of trust in institutions. Studies suggest that 35% to 75% of Nigerian workers engage in such practices, driven by weak institutional frameworks, poor accountability, and low employee motivation, with political patronage and cultural tolerance of corruption further exacerbating the problem. Theories like Adams' Equity Theory, Frustration-Aggression Theory, and Hirschi's Control Theory provide insight into how perceptions of injustice, frustration, and weak social bonds lead to deviance. Additionally, Social Learning Theory and Institutional Anomie Theory highlight the role of organizational culture and societal norms in shaping behaviour, as individuals often replicate the deviant acts they observe. To address workplace deviance, organizations must implement reforms, including strengthening anti-corruption enforcement, improving transparency, ensuring fair wages, and enhancing employee engagement. Promoting ethical leadership, establishing clear ethical guidelines, and using technology for monitoring and detecting misconduct are also critical. Public awareness and whistleblower protections are essential to reinforce ethical standards. In conclusion, reducing workplace deviance in Nigeria requires multi-dimensional efforts to promote accountability and a culture of integrity within organizations, ultimately improving productivity and governance.