European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences
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Simple Superluminal Entangled Communication and Its Base of Complete Special Relativity, Extensive Special Relativity and Quantum Theory
No full textBased on quantum entanglement and corresponding quantum communication, first we research a simple superluminal entangled communication scheme, whose key is to establish two mutually entangled particles or devices A and B. We observe and control the information of A position, then can know the corresponding results of the other B. This is not to send directly information each other. It may be superluminal. Next, in special relativity we provided that there are necessarily two symmetrical topological structures separated by the light-cone, which includes the generalized Lorentz transformation (GLT) for the spacelike interval, in which phase velocity is superluminal. This complete special relativity is base of this scheme, and should agree and test GLT. Further, it may be developed to the extensive special relativity, in which onl
Comparison of Digital Media and Multimedia Communication in the Post-Digital Era
No full textThis article focuses on analyzing and comparing two core concepts in modern communication: Digital Communication and Multimedia Communication. Although often used interchangeably, these two fields differ significantly in encoding methods, forms of expression, and interactive goals. The research indicates that while digital communication focuses on infrastructure and communication techniques, multimedia communication emphasizes the integration of creative content to optimize the user experience. The article also discusses convergence trends, challenges, and development prospects in the post-digital context, where artificial intelligence and virtual reality are reshaping how people communicate and receive information
Influence of Different Concentrations of Sesame Oil and Chicken Fat on the Physicochemical Properties of Burger Beef During Refrigerated Storage
No full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying levels (0%,5% and 10%) of sesame oil and chicken fat on the chemical composition, stored for 30 days freezing (18-°C), these samples were analyzed chemically and microbial in three periods, fresh, two weeks and four weeks stored freezing, panel test done on all ten types, physical and sensory qualities of beef burgers . Chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat, and ash) was determined. Sensory evaluation was performed by 35 panelists who assessed color, flavor, juiciness, tenderness, and overall acceptability, compared between (sesame oil 0%, 5%, 10% (burger)), and ((chicken fat 0%, 5%, 10% (burger)), on four grades scale the scale of assessment include 4 grades: excellent (4 points), very good (3 points), good (2 points), and acceptable (1 point). Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 20.0). Results showed significant (P < 0.05) differences among treatments in moisture content, with burgers containing 10% sesame oil showing the highest value (68.44 ± 0.49%). shows the dry matter of fresh samples the highest value found in burger sesame oil BS5% (35.0±0.41) and burger chicken fat BC10% (34.0±0.41) respectively and the lowest value content in burger with sesame oil BS10% (30.67±0.41). dry matter found the highest value content by burger sesame oil BS 5% (34.33±0.41) and burger chicken fat BC 10% (33.33±0.41) respectively. The highest value of ash content was found in burger sesame oil BS10% (2.09±0.04) and burger chicken fat BC5% (2.0±0.04) respectively, the lowest content showed in burger chicken fat BC5% (1.76±0.04) in fresh samples, and the highest value of ash content was found in burger with sesame oil BS10% (2.27±0.04) and lowest content in burger chicken fat BC5% (1.97±0.04) after store two weeks frozen. for crude protein content in freezing time this study show the highest value content in fresh samples (21.67±0.04), after stored frozen two weeks (17.38±0.04) and after stored four weeks (13.61±0.04) respectively this shows that there were significant differences (P>0.001). The study also shows that the highest crude protein content was found in burger nil sesame oil BS0% (18±0.2) followed by burger nil sesame oil BS0% (18.4±0.2) followed by burger with chicken fat BC5% (18.16±0.2) the lowest crude protein was found in burger with sesame oil BS10% (16.6±0.2). ether extract content, shows that highest value content in the freezing time in fresh sample of burger (4.56±0.03) and the lowest value content after stored frozen four weeks (3.05±0.03) at general, and between treatments the highest value content show in burger with sesame oil BS10% (5.32±0.03) and burger with chicken fat BC10% (3.94±0.03) respectively and the lowest value content in burger with nil sesame oil nil chicken fat 0% (2.70±0.03) , shows that there were significant differences (P>0.001). crude fiber content, shows that highest value content in the freezing time in fresh sample of burger (1.63±0.02) and the lowest value content after stored frozen four weeks (0.94±0.02) at general, and between treatments the highest value content show in burger with chicken fat BC10% (1.47±0.02) and burger with chicken fat BC5% (1.43±0.02) respectively and the lowest value content in burger with nil sesame oil nil chicken fat BS0% (0.99±0.02), shows that there were significant differences (P>0.001). Nitrogen free extract content, table (4.2) and fig (4.7) shows that highest value content in the freezing time after stored four weeks frozen (46.07±0.19) and the lowest value content in fresh sample of burger (37.47±0.19), and between treatments the highest value content show in burger with sesame oil BS10% (43.35±0.24) and burger with nil sesame oil BS0% (43.16±0.24) respectively and the lowest value content in burger with chicken fat BC5% (40.71±0.24), shows that there were significant differences (P>0.001). Substituting chicken fat with 5% sesame oil improved taste and tenderness without reducing overall acceptability. It was concluded that moderate replacement of chicken fat and sesame oil the beef fat enhances burger quality, while excessive levels may negatively affect flavor and texture
Effect of Nano Zinc on Lying Hens Productive Exposed to Coccidia Challenge
No full textThe study was conducted at a poultry farm in Babylon Governorate between July 1 st and January 1 st 2025 between 360 laying hens, 4 treatment of 90 laying hens that were further divided into 30 laying hens replicates; the treatments comprised of T1: no treatment, T2: 80 ppm nano-zinc/ L, T3: 100 ppm nano- zinc/ L, and T4: 120 ppm nano-zinc/ L. The findings prove that T2, T3 and T4 treatment have significant) P<|human|>The findings show that T2, T3 and, T4 treatment have a significant enhancement in hen day production (H.D) and cumulative egg production on T1 treatment as compared to T2 and T3 treatment
The Impact of Environmental Factors on the Development of Antibiotic Resistance in Environmental Systems
No full textThe pressure of climate change and human actions on the ecosystems are unprecedented, so our analysis should be conducted in parallel regarding their independent and combined consequences on the ecosystem stability. The climate dynamics are highly controlling in that they have direct effect on species, population, community and biogeochemical processes within various systems including terrestrial ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems, marine ecosystems and coastal ecosystems. Manmade activities, both in land-use change, pollution and greenhouse-gas emission, equally encroach on many climate and environmental drivers, impacting organisms and processes in all ecosystems. In the present climate- change era, the anthropogenic perturbations affect the resilience and stability by changing the ecosystem responses and vary the interaction between climate and environmental drivers. Little formal modelling of the interactions between human activities and climate change has been done. Nonetheless, the recent data on cases of such interactions in diverse ecological settings depicts the interactions as well as their ecological impacts on the stability of ecosystems. A single study of a dryland stream showed that an increase in temperature and reduction in precipitation interact to cause macroinvertebrate communities to become more unstable and sensitive; as warming and drought become more severe, the cascading processes destroy former stabilizing processes and interacting climatic and anthropogenic drivers. Likewise, the shift of tropical waters to a turbid condition of underwarming and nutrient enrichment is an example of a tipping point and alterations in fire, great storms and pest outbreaks are evidence of changes in disturbance regime
Geotechnical Quality of Borrow Materials Used for Rural Roads in the Sudano-Sahelian Region of Burkina Faso and Its Environmental and Territorial Implications
No full textRural roads play a key role in improving accessibility and supporting territorial development in West Africa. Their long-term performance largely depends on the geotechnical quality of borrow materials used for road surfacing, yet the links between technical performance, environmental impacts, and territorial organization remain insufficiently explored. This paper examines the geotechnical quality of borrow materials used for the construction of the Koudougou–Toéga–Réo and Koudougou–Peyiri– Sigoguin rural roads in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso. The methodology adopts an integrated approach combining field sampling of borrow materials, laboratory geotechnical tests (grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, Modified Proctor, soaked CBR), and a spatial analysis of borrow site locations. Results indicate an overall satisfactory to very satisfactory suitability of the lateritic materials, but with marked spatial variability in performance. CBR values range from 36% to 70%, highlighting significant differences between sites and road corridors. The analysis reveals that some borrow sites located farther from the road alignments, often in less anthropized environments, provide mechanically superior materials compared to closer sites. This finding underscores the need to balance material quality, accessibility, and territorial impacts. In addition, borrow pit exploitation generates differentiated environmental effects, particularly when post-extraction rehabilitation is incomplete. The study argues for a multi-criteria planning approach to borrow site selection, integrating geotechnical performance, land constraints, and environmental considerations, in order to enhance the sustainability of rural road infrastructure in Sudano-Sahelian contexts
Effects of Cashew Apple Silage Supplementation on Feed Intake and Growth Performance of Bach Thao Goats
No full textThis study evaluated the effects of supplementing cashew apple silage in the diet of Bach Thao goats on feed intake and growth performance under practical production conditions. Twenty-four goats aged 5–7 months were arranged in a completely randomized design for 90 days, including a control diet (fresh elephant grass and compound feed) and a treatment diet supplemented with cashew apple silage. Daily feed intake was recorded to estimate metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) intake, while body weight, body length, and chest girth were measured at 15-day intervals. Results showed that goats readily accepted the silage-based diet. Intake of cashew apple silage increased from 0.50 kg/day at the beginning to 1.35 kg/day at day 90, accompanied by increases in fresh elephant grass intake (from 1.35 to 1.82 kg/day) and compound feed (from 0.10 to 0.20 kg/day). Consequently, ME intake from cashew apple silage increased from 332.52 to 892.81, and CP from 0.05% to 1.45%. From day 60 onward, goats in the treatment group showed significantly higher body weight than the control group (14.75 vs. 13.53 kg at day 60; 16.50 vs. 15.60 kg at day 90; P<0.05). Chest girth was also greater in the treatment group at day 90 (57.08 vs. 55.55 cm), while body length increased similarly in both groups. These findings demonstrate that cashew apple silage is a palatable and nutritionally effective feed resource for Bach Thao goats. Utilizing cashew apple, an abundant agricultural by-product, as livestock feed highlights its value in circular agriculture by transforming waste into useful nutrition, thereby improving sustainability and reducing feeding costs in tropical goat production systems
Nutritional Evaluation of Local Bread Types in Iraq
No full textThe effect of baking conditions (temperature and time) on the nutritional value of five types of local bread was studied using the Trinitrobenzen sulfonic acid (TNBS) chemical method to estimate the percentage of the amino acid lysine in the bread types studied. It was found that the percentages of lysine in French bread, stone bread, laboratory bread, Arabic loaf, tanoor bread and microwave bread are 2.718%, 2.430%, 2.538%, 2.853%, 2.510% and 3.102% respectively. It was also found that the percentage of lysine in the crust was less than that in the crumb for all types of bread and that the highest percentage of lysine was in the Arabic bread and the lowest in the stone bread. This was not the case for the microwave loaf, however, which had a percentage of 2.939. The nutritional value of the proteins of these types of bread was also studied by the biological method using laboratory rats (White Albino Rats) by estimating the protein efficiency Ratio (PER) , and it was found that the value of (PER) for the types of bread(French bread, stone bread, laboratory bread, Arabic bread, Tanour bread and microwave bread, in addition to the comparison group that was fed casein as a protein source) was (1.419, 1.183, 1.377, 1.708 , 1.254 ,and 1.820 ) respectively. It was 2.939 for the comparison group. These differences were not significant. However, it was found that the Arabic bread was superior in its nutritional value and decreased in stone bread. It was found that there is a linear relationship between the percentage of lysine in the types of bread that were estimated by the chemical method (TNBS) and the PER of those types that were estimated by the biological method, where the correlation coefficient was r =0.91
The Interplay Between Climate Change and Human Activities and Its Consequences for Ecosystem Stability
No full textThe pressure of climate change and human actions on the ecosystems are unprecedented, so our analysis should be conducted in parallel regarding their independent and combined consequences on the ecosystem stability. The climate dynamics are highly controlling in that they have direct effect on species, population, community and biogeochemical processes within various systems including terrestrial ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems, marine ecosystems and coastal ecosystems. Manmade activities, both in land-use change, pollution and greenhouse-gas emission, equally encroach on many climate and environmental drivers, impacting organisms and processes in all ecosystems. In the present climate- change era, the anthropogenic perturbations affect the resilience and stability by changing the ecosystem responses and vary the interaction between climate and environmental drivers. Little formal modelling of the interactions between human activities and climate change has been done. Nonetheless, the recent data on cases of such interactions in diverse ecological settings depicts the interactions as well as their ecological impacts on the stability of ecosystems. A single study of a dryland stream showed that an increase in temperature and reduction in precipitation interact to cause macroinvertebrate communities to become more unstable and sensitive; as warming and drought become more severe, the cascading processes destroy former stabilizing processes and interacting climatic and anthropogenic drivers. Likewise, the shift of tropical waters to a turbid condition of underwarming and nutrient enrichment is an example of a tipping point and alterations in fire, great storms and pest outbreaks are evidence of changes in disturbance regimes
Chemical Methods of Water Purification in Uzbekistan
No full textUzbekistan faces a serious environmental problem of water pollution due to intensive industrial activity, exacerbated by outdated water treatment infrastructure and poorly coordinated water resource management. Industrial and domestic wastewater often contains a mixture of chemical contaminants, including suspended solids, heavy metals, and organic compounds, posing a significant risk to the quality of surface and groundwater. The solution to these problems lies in technological modernization and the scientifically sound application of chemical water treatment methods, based on the experience of other countries. International experience from countries with similar problems will help Uzbekistan develop its own comprehensive approach to addressing water pollution using chemical methods. The study is based on a qualitative analysis of scientific literature, official documents, and case studies from Uzbekistan and selected countries with advanced water treatment systems. The international experience of Germany, Singapore, and Japan is analyzed to assess the effectiveness of integrating chemical treatment methods into regulated water resource management systems in Uzbekistan. This study examines key chemical water treatment methods widely used in Uzbekistan, including chemical softening, chlorination, and activated carbon adsorption. The results show that although many chemical water treatment methods in Uzbekistan are scientifically sound, their effectiveness is limited by fragmented application, insufficient monitoring, and poor integration into multi-stage treatment schemes. The study concludes that implementing international practices could significantly improve water quality and promote sustainable water resource management in Uzbekistan