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ASSESSMENT OF THREATS OF KEY ELEMENTS IN SUBSECTOR THE CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF WATER TRANSPORTATION IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
No full textČlánok pojednáva o vnútrozemskej vodnej doprave v Slovenskej republike,zameriava sa na kľúčové prvky, ktoré môžu byť čiastočne alebo úplne vyradené z prevádzky z dôvodu pôsobenia negatívnych vplyvov prírodných živlov. Autori posúdili jednotlivé ohrozenia a na najzávažnejšie navrhli možné opatrenia na zníženie rizika vzniku mimoriadnej udalosti.Paper deals the inland waterway transport in the Slovak Republic, focusing on the key elements that can be partially or completely out of service due to the negative effects of natural elements. The authors assessed individual threats and, to the most serious, authors have suggested possible measures to reduce the risk of occurrence of an extraordinary event
Love, the Clock Keeper: The Elusive Nature of Time in Jeanette Winterson’s Work
No full textDiscussions on the nature of time represent a significant theme in Jeanette Winterson’s novels. The author repeatedly challenges the generally accepted notions of time as chronological and measurable by the clock and she offers alternative perceptions of temporal reality based primarily on subjective experience. The aim of this paper is to examine this alternative approach to time and discuss the ways in which the categories of the past, the present and the future are deconstructed in Winterson’s work, particularly in the novels The Passion, Sexing the Cherry, The PowerBook and The Stone Gods. This article argues that Winterson’s stories encourage the reader to withdraw from everyday distractions and turn inwards towards his/her inner self in order to see and understand these new layers of time. Moreover, Winterson repeatedly portrays love as an all-powerful force defying spatial and temporal boundaries and thus allowing the emergence of an alternative, timeless reality bound by no rules or limitations. In Winterson’s novels, it is love that determines the course of time rather than the clock. The paper discusses this special significance of love in the novels and examines Winterson’s unconventional conception of the world, one in which the mind is freed from social expectations and where time is meaningless, since different temporal layers can operate simultaneously
Habsburg Hungary and the Papal Court (1605–1689)
No full textThe study discusses the problems and evolvement of the 17th century relations of the Holy See and Hungary. One of the most important aspects of these were the debates about the royal right of patronage that culminated in appointing the bishops. As part of the latter, when someone was appointed as a bishop, canonical investigation process (processus informativus) was conducted. These processes were useful sources of information of the Holy See about the state of the Hungarian Catholic Church. Furthermore, the Pope and the dicasteries could gain information from the compulsory ad limina visits. The Holy See could follow the realization of the deliberations of the Council of Trent also through the nuncios. From the other side, the Hungarian Catholic Church could not do without its representation in Rome: the cardinal protectors, the imperial legates in Rome and the episcopal agents could effectively represent their interests.The study discusses the problems and evolvement of the 17th century relations of the Holy See and Hungary. One of the most important aspects of these were the debates about the royal right of patronage that culminated in appointing the bishops. As part of the latter, when someone was appointed as a bishop, canonical investigation process (processus informativus) was conducted. These processes were useful sources of information of the Holy See about the state of the Hungarian Catholic Church. Furthermore, the Pope and the dicasteries could gain information from the compulsory ad limina visits. The Holy See could follow the realization of the deliberations of the Council of Trent also through the nuncios. From the other side, the Hungarian Catholic Church could not do without its representation in Rome: the cardinal protectors, the imperial legates in Rome and the episcopal agents could effectively represent their interests
The Imperial ambassador, the nuncio and the favourite: The Count of Pötting, Vitaliano Visconti Borromeo and Juan Everardo Nithard at the time of the Spanish crisis (1668–1669)
No full textThe essay aims at touching different aspects of Spanish policy during the regency of Mariana (1665–1675), the interest in the political and physical weakness of the heir to the throne Prince Charles and future King Charles II, the last Hapsburg on the Spanish monarchy. At that time, Madrid’s fate was mainly in the hands of three men: the Austrian Jesuit Nithard, the Count of Pötting, and the Apostolic nuncio, Vitaliano Visconti Borromeo.The essay aims at touching different aspects of Spanish policy during the regency of Mariana (1665–1675), the interest in the political and physical weakness of the heir to the throne Prince Charles and future King Charles II, the last Hapsburg on the Spanish monarchy. At that time, Madrid’s fate was mainly in the hands of three men: the Austrian Jesuit Nithard, the Count of Pötting, and the Apostolic nuncio, Vitaliano Visconti Borromeo
A FREIGHT TRANSPORT CHAIN CHOICE TAKING ACCOUNT THE UTLITY
No full textThe paper describes the problematice of a freight transport supply chain choice taking account the utility. The utility function is mostly calculated from the container transport statistics. Container transport refers to the transportation of goods in standardized re-sealable transportation boxes by rail and sea. The utility theory is mostly connected with the consumer and consumption theory. When thinking of transport services, demand (consumer) and suppliers influence the decision making process of transport. Three key factors are identified: environmental efficiency, timeand transportation capacit
METHODOLOGY FOR OPTIMIZING SHAPE OF THE VESSEL IN RESTRICTED DEPTH NAVIGATION CONDITION
No full textKlimatické zmeny v posledných rokoch významne ovplyvňujú plavbu na vnútrozemských vodných cestách medzinárodného významu. Hlavným problémom, ktorý vplýva na plynulosť obchodnej plavby je kolísanie výšky vodnej hladiny. Problémom je nie len nízka, ale aj vysoká vodná hladina. Obidva extrémy majú za následok plavebné obmedzenia, čoho dôsledkom je zníženie spoľahlivosť vodnej dopravy. Jednou z možností, ako zvýšiť spoľahlivosť je aj optimalizácia tvaru trupu plavidiel. Ide najmä o optimalizáciu trupu plavidla pre plavbu na vodných cestách s nízkou vodnou hladinou. Obmedzený plavebný ponor zásadne limituje plavbu najmä v letnom období. Optimalizácia tvaru trupu je proces, ktorý sa skladá z viacerých krokov, na konci ktorých je možné porovnať optimalizovaný tvar trupu s tým pôvodným. Proces optimalizácie je závislý od správneho definovania vstupných elementov. Na optimalizáciu sa najčastejšie používa CFD analýza. Princíp spočíva z vytvorenia výpočtovej domény, ktorá pozostáva zo skutočného geometrického modelu a diskretizhovaného tvaru, z definície hraničných podmienok, z nastavenia fyzikálnych vlastností a príslušných výpočtových metód.In recent years, climate change has had a significant impact on inland waterways of international importance. The main problem affecting the continuity of navigation is the fluctuation of water level. The problem is not only low but also high water levels. Both extremes result in navigation restrictions, resulting in reduced reliability of water transport. One of the ways to increase reliability is also to optimize the shape of the hull of vessels. This concerns the optimization of the vessel\u27s hull for navigation on waterways with a low water level. Restricted navigational draft significantly limits navigation especially in summer. Hull shape optimization is a process that consists of several steps at the end of which it is possible to compare the optimized hull shape to the original one. The optimization process depends on the correct definition of the input elements. CFD analysis is most often used for optimization. The principle is to create a computational domain that consists of a real geometric model and a discretized shape, a definition of boundary conditions, a set of physical properties, and appropriate computational methods
Patrons and clients. The specificity of female clientelism in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at the turn of the seventeenth century. Research postulates.
No full textResearch into the issue of patronage in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, undertaken once by Antoni Mączak, is continuing to this day. However, researchers are focusing their attention primarily on the functioning of informal interrelations in the magnate and nobility environment of the seventeenth century. Although detailed studies have provided us with numerous findings, this remains a wide, extremely complex and rich subject, and researchers constantly stipulate the need for further studies. The vast majority of scholars focus mainly on male patron-client relations. They seek these ties in a court, military and dietine (sejmiki) environment. The subject of the male magnate court and its impact on society seems to be very significant to many historians. Interestingly, the male magnate court was also the place of patrons’ private political actions. A substantial issue of cliental ties involved in the magnates’ economy (latifundia) remains the focus of interest of researchers to this day. Some of them perceive clientelism as a religiously conditioned phenomenon (for example, ecclesiastical foundations), at the same time highlighted by cultural patronage and attempts to build the power of families based on a prestige policy. Research on clientelism in relation to the eighteenth century is not sufficient. The existing research does not cover these complex issues, particularly in relation to the Saxon period. Moreover, these works date back to the previous century and do not take into account any new findings. The Saxon era, when cliental ties became particularly important due to the dysfunctions of the most important state institutions, represents a rich source of research material. Unfortunately, studies on this period are too scarce and discouraging, and only a small group of researchers are currently examining the issue of clientelism in the Saxon era. Speaking of clientelism in the Commonwealth in general terms, one very important issue requires closer examination. This is the fact that while this problem is well recognized and defined in European historical science, in current Polish research there are almost no works which deal with the issue of female patronage and women’s role in forming a cliental background. The few studies devoted to the issue of women’s presence in the development of cliental ties in the Saxon era only indicate the need for further research on the phenomenon of female patronage. However, they do not present a thorough and multifaceted investigation. This is the very reason for our interest in female patronage and willingness to undertake in-depth research on this issue
Shakespearean Adaptations for Young Adults
No full textShakespeare’s plays are undoubtedly among the most frequently translated, staged, adapted—both for stage and screen—and (over/mis)quoted. His plays and sonnets are widely read and are generally considered canonical, with their appeal crossing thematic, geographical and chronological boundaries. Each generation of recipients responds to Shakespeare’s work in a different way. The present paper discusses Shakespearean adaptations which aim to encourage young recipients to engage with Shakespeare through the use of young people’s language. First, the article examines how emoticons, textual portrayals and hashtags are used to render Shakespeare’s plays in new ways. The OMG Shakespeare series, which has been both criticized and praised, represents a transformation of Shakespeare’s plays into new forms, e.g. srsly Hamlet (Courtney Carbone, 2015), YOLO Juliet (Brett Wright, 2015), Macbeth #killingit (Courtney Carbone, 2016), and A Midsummer Night #nofilter (Brett Wright, 2016). In addition, attention will be devoted to the representations of and allusions to Shakespeare and Shakespeare’s characters in popular culture. The paper concludes by discussing how new, non-traditional interpretative choices may impact the reception of Shakespeare and his work on younger audiences
Literature and the Post-secular: The Case of Julian Barnes
No full textThe recently emerged post-secular literary studies is a response to what Jürgen Habermas dubs as ‘postsecularisation.’ While the definition of the term remains obscure, a post-secular criticism of literary texts overcomes this elusiveness by identifying the possible areas of scholarly interest and attempting to establish a scope of interpretive frameworks. The body of post-secular texts constantly grows, and this paper suggests yet another one, by contemporary writer, Julian Barnes, whose fiction and non-fiction contribute to the makeup of post-secular moments. The present paper takes as a focus The Survivor, the fourth chapter of A History of the World in 10½ Chapters; Nothing to be Frightened of is also considered along with the interviews with the writer. In this reading of The Survivor, based on existing interpretive models, a ‘revisionary return’ (McClure) in the life of the central female protagonist, a secular doubter, is presented as provisional and non-final. In resisting master narratives and challenging the secular/religious binary, Barnes uses postmodernist poetics and invokes the practices of Pyrrhonism, such as the suspension of judgement, or what has been called epochē. Furthermore, the literary manifestations of the post-secular are put in a broader context, as the paper also discusses ways of amplifying the theory of ‘post-secular,’ suggesting similarities between the contemporary post-secular and the early modern, and thus emphasising the tradition of religious scepticism and doubt in English literature since the time of the Renaissance
The Gift of Stories – Imagination and Landscape in Jim Crace’s The Gift of Stones
No full textJim Crace is known for his compelling, parable-like stories written in rhythmic prose and for his distinctive diction, which combines poetic figurativeness with the precision of exact description. As a writer with an exceptional sense of observed detail, Crace’s narrative power lies in his ability to render places, especially various kinds of landscapes, which, in spite of their wholly fictitious character, evoke a strong feeling of plausibility and familiarity. Nevertheless, his imaginary milieux are never devoid of human experience and his stories examine the close interconnectedness between his protagonists and the places they occupy or move through. Crace likes to depict what the critics have termed “communities in transition”, i.e. groups of people who need to face up to an imminent socio-economic change and adapt to the newly emerging circumstances, which is why his fictional landscapes always reflect the protagonists’ disturbed psyches as they project into them the anxieties and frustrations that result from the process of revising and restoring the essentials of their shattered identities. The Gift of Stones (1988) not only explores such a transition, but also elaborates on the significance of making up stories in human life. This paper demonstrates how the novel’s physical environments intertwine not only with the main protagonist’s mental world but, above all, with his talent for imaginative storytelling
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