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STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF A WORKBENCH FOR THE NEEDS OF A SERVICE TECHNICIAN
No full textThe presented paper deals with the structural design of a workbench with adjustable height, which will serve as part of the equipment of a light commercial vehicle for the needs of a service technician. The main objective of this paper is to create a functional design and 3D CAD model of a workbench that will meet the requirements of safety, mobility, and simple utilisation. Moreover, the design needs to consider the requirements of adjustable height and the dimensions of the work vehicle. The lifting mechanism is represented by arms fitted with sleeves that move along a lead trapezoidal screw rotating by a hand crank. In this paper, the force action in the axis of the threaded rod of the lifting mechanism is scrutinised in two extreme positions (highest and lowest position). The highest axial load on the threaded rod was found to be 9927.13 N in the lowest position of the mechanism. On the basis of this load, a right and left-hand trapezoidal threaded rod TR16×4 is selected, which satisfied the strength condition. The design of the sleeve height and the number of sleeve threads required are essential for safe utilisation. Due to the dimension of the guide rod, the height of the sleeve is selected to be 40 millimetres. The work surface is an important part of the workbench and consists of two parts. The chief larger part is made of medium density fibreboard and the smaller modular part can be in the two modular forms. The first version is the medium density fibreboard, and second alternative is a board designed to fix the components during their maintenance, repair as well as for welding
STRENGTHENING PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLY CHAIN SECURITY IN EUROPE: SERIALIZATION AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
No full textThe pharmaceutical industry\u27s profitability has attracted attention, but it faces challenges from counterfeiters exploiting vulnerabilities worsened by globalization and complex supply chains. In 2019, European authorities introduced regulation EU 2016/161 to enhance drug supply chain security and traceability. By conducting a systematic literature review, this study assesses the effectiveness of the European Drug Serialization system, examining its implementation and the potential benefits of integrating digital technologies like RFID and Blockchain. The aim is to investigate and identify measures contributing to the strengthening of pharmaceutical supply chains against counterfeiting. The research suggests that while serialization is crucial, it may not provide foolproof security, emphasizing the need for additional digital technology integration
In Captivity of the Body: Intersex(-uality) in the First Half of the 20th Century
No full textThe paper focuses on the issue of intersexuality in the Czech medical discourse during the first half of the 20th century, when the term “intersex”, which is officially used today and distinct from intersexuality, did not yet exist. Intersexuality can be understood as a universal category within which doctors linked various other issues, such as hermaphroditism, pseudohermaphroditism, and homosexuality. Doctors attempted to label the variability of the human body, but were heavily influenced by their own ideas of the “ideal” male and female body and unable to think beyond these binary categories. In the past, any deviation from the normative was often considered a disease. Dictionaries and medical manuals were used to develop theoretical understandings of these concepts. The study also examines the literary work of the Czech physician Emil Tréval (a.k.a. Walter), who, in his novel Maia, presented the story of a man who was born as a hermaphrodite and struggled with this stigma throughout the plot. The second example refers to a real-life case of a person identified as a man in society, despite being born with a female biological body, referred to by doctors with the initials A.H. The doctors labelled A.H. as homosexual and a transvestite, which we now consider to be incorrect from a modern perspective
Milan VYHLÍDAL, Vojenští zpravodajci proti nacistické okupaci. Odbojová skupina Tři konšelé, Praha, Academia 2022, 332 s. ISBN 978-80-200-3274-4.
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ÚČINNOSŤ A RÝCHLOSŤ NABÍJANIE ELEKTROMOBILOV
No full textČlánek se věnuje experimentálnímu zjištění ztrát vznikajících při AC a DC nabíjení elektromobilu Hyundai Kona electric 64 kWh. U obou typů nabíjení je vyhodnocena celková účinnost nabíjení, round-trip účinnost trakční baterie, vlastní spotřeba vozidla při nabíjení, u AC nabíjení pak ještě účinnost palubní nabíječky vozidla. U DC nabíjení je patrný zásadní vliv teploty trakční baterie na rychlost a účinnost nabíjení. Účinnost nabíjení je vypočtena jako poměr energie spotřebované z trakční baterie v jízdě vůči energii dodané do vozidla následným nabíjením do stejné úrovně nabití trakční baterie jako před jízdou. U elektromobilu Hyundai Kona byla zjištěna průměrná účinnost AC nabíjení 85 %, účinnost DC nabíjení 92,1 % bez zahrnutí účinnosti DC nabíječky. Round-trip účinnost trakční baterie je u AC nabíjení 97,6 %, u DC nabíjení 92,7 %. Podíl spotřeby 12 V palubní sítě vozidla na celkovém příkonu vozidla během nabíjení se pohyboval od 0,3 do 0,9 %. Data pro vyhodnocení byla získána ze záznamů sedmnácti AC nabíjení v létě i v zimě uskutečněných po jízdách na různých typech silnic a tří DC nabíjení uskutečněných po jízdách na dálnici v zimě.The aim of this paper is to experimentally evaluate energy losses during AC and DC charging of battery electric vehicle (BEV) Hyundai Kona electric 64 kWh. DC charging speed of four different types of BEVs was also measured and compared. Overall charging efficiency, round-trip battery efficiency, on-board electronics consumption during charging and on-board battery charger efficiency were calculated. A strong influence of battery temperature on charging speed and efficiency is observed in DC charging. Charging efficiency is calculated as ratio of energy consumed from battery during the trip to energy supplied by AC wallbox or DC charger during subsequent charging to the same battery state of charge level as at the beginning of the trip. Observed overall charging efficiencies of Hyundai Kona were 85 % (AC) and 92,1 % (DC). Calculated battery round-trip efficiency was 97,6 % (AC charging) and 92,7 % (DC charging). Vehicle’s 12 V board net consumes about 0,3 to 1,4 % of total input power during charging. Data was collected from seventeen AC charging events after the test trips on various types of roads in summer and winter and three DC charging events after the test trips on highway in winter.Článok sa venuje experimentálnemu zisteniu strát vznikajúcich pri AC a DC nabíjaní elektromobilu Hyundai Kona electric 64 kWh. Pri oboch typoch nabíjania je vyhodnotená celková účinnosť nabíjania, round-trip účinnosť trakčnej batérie, vlastná spotreba vozidla pri nabíjaní, pri AC nabíjaní potom ešte účinnosť palubnej nabíjačky vozidla. Pri DC nabíjaní je viditeľný zásadný vplyv teploty trakčnej batérie na rýchlosť a účinnosť nabíjania. Účinnosť nabíjania je vypočítaná ako pomer energie spotrebovanej z trakčnej batérie v jazde voči energii dodanej do vozidla následným nabíjaním do rovnakej úrovne nabitia trakčnej batérie ako pred jazdou. U elektromobilu Hyundai Kona bola zistená priemerná účinnosť AC nabíjania 85 %, účinnosť DC nabíjania 92,1 % bez zahrnutia účinnosti DC nabíjačky. Round-trip účinnosť trakčnej batérie je pri AC nabíjaní 97,6 %, pri DC nabíjaní 92,7 %. Podiel spotreby 12 V palubnej siete vozidla na celkovom príkone vozidla počas nabíjania sa pohyboval od 0,3 do 0,9 %. Dáta pre vyhodnotenie boli získané zo záznamov sedemnástich AC nabíjania v lete aj v zime uskutočnených po jazdách na rôznych typoch ciest a troch DC nabíjania uskutočnených po jazdách na diaľnici v zime
NÁVRH ŠPECIFICKÝCH PREVÁDZKOVCÝH OPATRENÍ NA PODPORU ŽELEZNIČNEJ OSOBNEJ DOPRAVY V ČASE PANDÉMIE
No full textThe unexpected development of COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the traveller\u27s habits. Even before the pandemic, public passenger transport performance had already a decline trend and a high increase was recorded in individual car transport. The emergence of COVID-19 has significantly reinforced this negative trend and public passenger transport has become the preferred choice of travellers. This paper deals with the impact of measures introduced in the first half of 2020 on passenger rail transport in the Slovak Republic in order to slow down the spread of the virus during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main objective of the paper is to investigate and to analyse the decrease in transport performance in individual months of the first half of 2020 and then to estimate the impact of these changes on the passenger rail sector. The transport performance is then analysed on three important railway lines in the Slovak Republic, comparing the years 2018, 2019 and 2020. In general, it is expected that a certain period after the end of the pandemic situation may be critical to ensure long-term and sustainable development within the rail transport sector.Neočakávaný vývoj ochorenia COVID-19 sa významným spôsobom podpísal na cestovných návykoch spoločnosti. Už pred pandémiou mali výkony vo verejnej osobnej dopravy klesajúci charakter a vysoký nárast bol zaznamenaný v individuálnej automobilovej doprave. Výskyt ochorenia COVID-19 tento negatívny trend významne posilnil a IAD sa stala preferovanou voľbou cestujúcich. Uvedený príspevok sa zaoberá dopadom opatrení zavedených v prvom polroku 2020 na železničnú osobnú dopravu v Slovenskej republike za účelom spomalenia šírenia vírusu počas prvej vlny pandémie COVID-19. Hlavným cieľom príspevku je skúmať a analyzovať prepad prepravných výkonov v jednotlivých mesiacoch prvého polroku 2020 a následne odhadnúť vplyv týchto zmien na sektor osobnej železničnej dopravy. Prepravné výkony sú následne analyzované na troch významných prepravných reláciách v Slovenskej republike, pričom sú porovnávané roky 2018, 2019 a 2020. Všeobecne sa očakáva, že isté obdobie po skončení pandemickej situácie môžu byť kritické pre zabezpečenie dlhodobého a udržateľného rozvoja v rámci železničnej dopravy
POZEMNÁ STANICA NA DIAĽKOVÉ MONITOROVANIE, RIADENIE LETU A TELEMETRIU PREVÁDZKOVÝCH ÚDAJOV BEZPILOTNÝCH LIETADIEL
No full textThe rapid advancement of technology in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has created new possibilities for their application in numerous fields. For every unmanned aerial system it is essential to contain a ground control station (GCS), which must comply with mission-specific requirements. This paper presents the results of our research on optimizing the hardware and software components of radio communication for an UAV prototype with hybrid propulsion and integrating them into one comprehensive control station, enabling long-range operation and universal applicability to other unmanned aircraft. Our approach includes a unique solution to separate flight control from propulsion unit monitoring due to the experimental nature of the propulsion system. Flight safety was also enhanced by equipping the GCS with a system that provides information about nearby air traffic and secures the operational area against unauthorized UAV flights. Our system is capable of detecting intruders and determining their location based on intercepting UAV radio signals. Additionally, we conducted research on radio jamming as a means of interrupting the flight of a UAV that is violating a restricted airspace. Overall, our research provides insights and recommendations for the development of effective and user-friendly GCSs for UAV systems, addressing the critical need for safe and secure UAV operations
The 1866 Prussian Occupation of Prague in the Light of Documents from the City Archives
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While the international political and military issues of the Austro-Prussian War and the effects of the Prussian invasion on selected regions of the Czech lands in 1866 enjoy consistent attention from historiography, contemporary life in Prague – occupied at the time without a fight – paradoxically ranks among the less explored subjects. The following study deals with the events of the summer months of this year, focusing on the key role of the local city government led by the burgomaster Václav Bělský. The author recaps existing works on the topic and presents relevant documents preserved for this period in the Prague City Archives: minutes from council meetings, the agenda of the praesidium, accounting materials, charters, manuscripts, narrative sources, documents of artistic reception, and others. Through the optics of these sources the author shows how city councillors and representatives undertook to supply the occupying garrison and secure public order, while also recalling their care for refugees, the wounded, the unemployed, and starving people. This includes the essential fact that maintaining the viability of the Bohemian capital and preventing fatal losses was successful despite the absence of provincial armed forces, as well as the state authorities and the majority of the assembly, which had been evacuated from Prague in advance
PROFILE OF THE POTENTIAL USER OF URBAN AIR MOBILITY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
No full textMěstská letecká mobilita (UAM) je nově vznikající koncept letecké dopravy, ve kterém drony přepravují cestující nebo náklad v hustě obydlených oblastech. UAM umožňuje výrazné zkrácení cestovních časů a obchází dopravní zácpy tím, že umožňuje leteckou dopravu z jednoho místa na druhé v rámci urbanizovaných oblastí. Než však bude možné UAM implementovat, je třeba vyřešit několik problémů, včetně technických problémů. Společenská akceptace a vytvoření životaschopného obchodního modelu jsou také pro rozvoj UAM důležité. Průzkum popsaný v tomto příspěvku má za cíl identifikovat profil potenciálního uživatele UAM. Výsledky naznačují poměrně vysokou ochotu přijmout UAM, přičemž přibližně 77 % respondentů projevilo zájem, zejména pokud by cesta UAM začala z jejich rezidenční oblasti. Logistická regresní analýza odhalila, že pohlaví, vzdělání, zaměstnanecký status, vzorce používání vozidel, frekvence cestování letadlem a motivační faktory, jako je využití cestovního času a rychlost cestování, významně ovlivnily pravděpodobnost použití UAM. Tato zjištění přispívají k pochopení potenciálního uživatelského profilu UAM.Urban air mobility (UAM) is an emerging air transport concept in which drones transport passengers or cargo in densely populated areas. UAM enables significant reductions in travel times and bypasses traffic congestion by enabling air travel from one place to another within urbanized areas. However, before UAM can be implemented, several issues need to be resolved, including technical issues. Social acceptance and the creation of a viable business model are also important for the development of UAM. The survey described in this post aims to identify the profile of a potential UAM user. The results indicate a relatively high willingness to adopt UAM, with approximately 77% of respondents expressing interest, especially if the UAM journey would start from their area of residence. Logistic regression analysis revealed that gender, education, employment status, vehicle use patterns, air travel frequency, and motivational factors such as travel time use and travel speed significantly influenced the likelihood of UAM use. These findings contribute to the understanding of the potential user profile of UAM
THE AUTOMATIC TRAIN ROUTE SETTING SYSTEM AND POSSIBILITIES OF ITS OPTIMIZATION
No full textČlánek se zabývá optimalizací činnosti funkce Automatického stavění vlakových cest. Nejprve seznamuje čtenáře s původní metodou a návrhem nové metody generování povelů ke stavění vlakových cest a stručně nastiňuje jejich vývoj. Dále navrhuje možnosti optimalizace metod s primárním cílem zvýšení kapacity staničních zhlaví prostřednictvím maximalizace plynulosti jízdy vlaků. Článek také seznamuje čtenáře s užitím funkce Automatického stavění vlakových cest a jejích metod v praxi v podmínkách České republiky.The article deals with the optimalization of the Automatic Train Route Setting System\u27s activity. First, readers are introduced to the original method, the proposal of a new generating method for the construction of train routes and outline their development. The possibilities of optimalization methods are suggest with the primary goal of the increase of the capacity by the maximization of the train travel fluency. The article introduces the readers with the use of the Automatic Train Route Setting System in the Czech Republic
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