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CHANGING US WAR POLITICS IN SOUTHWEST ASIA AND REGIONAL COOPERATION THROUGH CPEC
Full text linkThe changing dynamics of international politics with US military withdrawal from Afghanistan have affected the Southwest Asian geopolitical landscape. While international players have their interests, they involve regional and neighbouring states in their actions frequently; thus, regional complexities arise. Pakistan was engaged in peaceful execution of the US exit strategy from Afghanistan; however, it demanded an overall shift in policy in a changing regional environment. Besides, Pakistan\u27s strategic and economic cooperation with China through CPEC has further enforced its prospects to be a significant player in regional politics. Pakistan\u27s challenges are countering India\u27s regional hegemonic designs and aggressiveness in Indian illegally occupied Kashmir, maintaining a neutral stance over the Iranian front vis-a-vis Saudi Arabia, and addressing the TTP factor. Despite international players\u27 competition, Pakistan has multiple options for attaining balance through CPEC and shifting from competition to cooperation. This paper, therefore, analyses international players\u27 security interests in the region and suggests openings for Pakistan through CPEC considering Regional Security Complex theory.
Bibliography Entry
Gul, Saima, and Shamaila Farooq. 2021. "Changing US War Politics in Southwest Asia and Regional Cooperation through CPEC." Margalla Papers 25 (2): 91-97
TRAJECTORIES OF RSS IDEOLOGICAL DOMINATION IN THE INDIAN POLICY MAKING: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOUTH ASIA
Full text linkIt is argued by policymakers and practitioners that instability in South Asia has exacerbated since Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) coming into power in India. Its policymaking is impacted by the influence of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). BJP is known as the political brand-name of RSS. There is a perceptible increase in RSS expansion and dominance of Hindutva ideology in domestic, foreign, and security policies of India. RSS is following the grand policy of greater India with the establishment of Hindu hegemony in India and Hindustan’s (India’s) hegemony in South Asia. Empirical evidence suggests that a well-choreographed use of communal violence and Pakistan bashing have been employed by BJP for the attainment of its objectives. BJP’s revoking of Articles 370 and 35-A to forcibly absorb Indian Occupied Kashmir and enactment of Citizen Amendment Act are the most recent manifestation of RSS long-term design. Following the mixed research method, this paper will be developed around the central argument that the rise of RSS influence on Indian policymaking has impacted its domestic and external policies which bear implications for South Asia.
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Islam, Muhammad Javed, and Zulfqar Khan. 2020. "Trajectories of RSS Ideological Domination in the Indian Policy Making: Implications for South Asia." Margalla Papers 24 (1): 1-15
PAK-US ALLIANCE CURSE: SOME HYPOTHESES
Full text linkHistory is replete with examples where the US has influenced various countries to promote its interests and later discarded them to face the ignominy of squalor, poverty, and underdevelopment, etc. It has also been observed that various autocratic leaders and political parties were the recipients of US munificence for their undivided support which resulted in short-term benefits and long-term complications. Such autocratic leaders tend to form coalitions with other elites to legitimize their incumbency as well as to ensure the longevity of power. These coalitions come at a great cost of bad governance. This study, therefore, postulates that US interventionist policies epitomize bad governance in Pakistan. It suggests that aprogressive future for Pakistan lies in moving towards alliances with those countries which do not follow interventionist policies. An alliance with common goals can result in a win-win situation, however, strategic alliance with China can serve Pakistan’s interests befittingly and successful realization of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor can provide salvation to Pakistan’s fledging economy.
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Hali, Shafei Moiz, Sumera Iqbal, and Adnan Jamil. 2020. "Pak-US Alliance Curse: Some Hypotheses." Margalla Papers 24 (1): 132-146
GROWING ENMITY BETWEEN THE US AND CHINA: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOUTH ASIA
Full text linkIndia usually considers itself a growing regional power, but a closer look exposes that it is in an adverse position vis-à-vis China in the South Asian region. China has always been economically more attractive and politically more reliable in its neighborhood, thus, presenting itself as a strong contender to become a great power and a key player in this region. On the other hand, especially during the post-Cold War era, the US has remained at the top position leading to a new symmetry, while restricting any other possible power to challenge its supremacy in this region. The 9/11 incident has further changed the security dynamics of South Asia. Today, the need to hold China’s regional supremacy and economic cooperation in the region has shifted US strategic attention more towards India, which is, in one way or the other, stimulating Indian hegemonic aspirations under the umbrella of its Hindutva ideology. Furthermore, the presence of foreign powers in this region and their growing influence in shaping regional security settings have made the regional defence scenario more intricate. This study, therefore, highlights the strategic interests and goals of major powers in the South Asian region in order to examine the changing geostrategic dynamics of the region. The Regional Security Complex theory has also been applied as a theoretical framework to analyze the present-day regional developments and their impacts on this region.
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Hashmi, Samia Majeed. 2020. "Growing Enmity Between the US and China: Implications for South Asia." Margalla Papers 24 (2): 104-113
PAKISTAN’S TRADE WITH AFRICA: PECULIARITIES AND ROAD AHEAD
Full text linkPakistan\u27s Look Africa Policy Initiative is required to take benefit from the African region in these times when African states want to establish good economic and diplomatic relations and create for themselves a comfortable niche in the African trade and development. Pakistan should not overlook the pre-eminence of action courses (functionalism and federalism) to adequately proceed with economic prospects and opportunities. The buck must stop here so that concrete and palpable genuine initiatives can be clutched. While expediting ahead on this economic nexus, it is necessary to shed light on the role of Morocco in CPEC and the possibility of investment in Pakistan. The paper explores the history of Pak-Africa relations positively in the search for a better future together. This is a research of the kind and nature of relations that can be potentially developed between Pakistan and Africa to reveal the natural potential of both.
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Rashid, Asma, and Anjum Ghouri. 2020. "Pakistan’s Trade with Africa: Peculiarities and Road Ahead." Margalla Papers 24 (1): 122-131
COVID-19: A STIMULUS FOR RESHAPING THE WORLD ORDER
Full text linkThe rise and fall of great powers is a driving force of transition in international politics. The cycle of emergence and decline of superpowers continues as a principal source of evolution in the world order. The 20th century unveiled with Pax-Britannica as the axis of international politics, but some of the highly critical incidents allowed the US to entrench its global hegemony. Subsequently, at the twilight of the century, Pax-Americana transpired as the pivot of the global system. However, self-imposed hegemonic commitments, an obsession with manipulating the world system, and mania of supremacy embedded punitive challenges for Washington. The emerging powers eventually launched an enterprise to reshape the international system to multipolar world order, and the outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) has further stimulated such undertakings. This devastating global challenge may warrant a capable and committed player to undertake the assignment of resurrecting the international system and ascertain itself as a dominant global power, and China could be the strongest candidate. This study, therefore, aims to explore the dynamics of future world order and the abysmal impacts of COVID-19 on its transformation. The exiting hegemon seeks to maintain the status quo, while the emerging powers are striving to reshape the global system towards multipolarity.
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Farooq, Hassan, and Muhammad Khan. 2020. "Covid-19: A Stimulus for Reshaping the World Order." Margalla Papers 24 (2): 29-45
CHINA\u27S PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AND COMMUNICATION STRATEGY IN THE US: LESSONS FOR PAKISTAN
Full text linkRevolution in the means of communication has made a profound impact on the conduct of public diplomacy worldwide. Communication is now seen as an important component public diplomacy to ascertain how governments interact with foreign publics in pursuit of their objectives. Countries fully recognize that new media and technologies are crucial to present their stories to the global audience. As an emerging power, China has been proactively expanding its presence in the global communication landscape. China has pronounced ‘Going Global’ strategy, which is supported by the internationalization of Chinese media and ubiquitous presence at the social media platforms. China’s international communication strategy has been aimed at increasing cultural soft power to influence foreign publics. This paper is an attempt to understand China’s communication strategy in the public diplomacy sphere with particular reference to the US. The major influence behind China’s communication strategy is two fold; first is to dispel negative connotations attached with the rise of China or ‘China Threat’, and secondly, to improve relations with the US through public diplomacy. For Pakistan, public diplomacy and external communication have been a neglected area of research. A comprehensive public diplomacy strategy and effective external communication approach could be instrumental for Pakistan to improve its image among the foreign audience and present a positive image of the country.
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Zubair, Bilal, and Nazir Hussain. 2020. "China’s Public Diplomacy and Communication Strategy in the US: Lessons for Pakistan." Margalla Papers 24 (2): 57-70
FEATURES OF USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE FOR INCREASING POSSIBILITY OF UNIT\u27S COMBAT CAPABILITIES
Full text linkThis article deals with topical issues of increasing capabilities, Upgrading combat capabilities, forces and intelligence equipment through the introduction of unmanned aerial vehicles. Examples of tactically and technically effective models of unmanned aerial vehicles, their advantages and calculations to increase the probability of detecting an enemy object are given.
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Akshlakov, K., G. Baiseitov, A. Boiko, and A. Temirbekuly. 2020. "Features of Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Increasing Possibility of Unit\u27s Combat Capabilities." Margalla Papers 24 (2): 133-138
MODI\u27S TWO-PRONGED STRATEGY TO HYPHENATE MINORITIES: A CASE OF MUSLIMS IN INDIA
No full textThe political and socio-economic development of a state heavily depends upon national integration. Such a state promotes democratic norms, ensures observance of human rights, and avoids the polarization of society while granting equal opportunities and status to all of its nationals. On the contrary, a state that denies these provisions falls prey to political chaos, economic decline, social unrest, and religious extremism. Today, India, the largest democracy in the world, lies into the latter category, most importantly, due to the least observation of minority rights. The narrow-minded Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP), under the leadership of Narendra Modi, has made India a vulnerable place to live for the Muslims, in particular. The decades-old deprived Muslim community has been facing an even more pathetic situation since the victory of BJP in the 2014-elections. This research paper, therefore, aims at exploring Modi’s two-pronged strategy to commit atrocities against the Muslims. First, Indian Prime Minister Modi has attained institutionalized impunity through amending the constitution for backing his militant factions, which are widely involved in heinous acts to victimize Muslims. Second, Hindu extremists in India adopted the strategy to instigate religious hatred against the Muslims. The Hindutva activists are chasing them in every corner of India to emit this hatred. Nothing has yet been done by the international community to stop such human rights violations against the largest minority in India – the Muslims.
Bibliography Entry
Shamshadand, Muhammad, and Farooq Arshad. 2020. "Modi’s Two-Pronged Strategy to Hyphenate Minorities: A Case of Muslims in India." Margalla Papers 24 (2): 46-56
MAPPING OF KASHMIR CONFLICT UNDER NUGGET MODEL
Full text linkThe flawed and awfully-crafted Partition Formula applied by the British in the Subcontinent (in 1947) sowed the seeds of conflict between India and Pakistan while leaving the State of Jammu and Kashmir in gloominess. Consequently, both countries soon indulged in an armed conflict known as the ‘Kashmir Conflict’ due to which this whole region has remained volatile and subjected to instability. India’s illegal occupation of Muslim-majority areas of Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK), a complete denial of the Right of Self-determination to innocent Kashmiris (a clear violation of the UNSC resolutions), and the abolition of Kashmiris’ Special Status through hasty constitutional amendments (a clear reflection of Hindutva mindset) indicate afresh rise to indigenous struggle in IIOJK. For that matter, India is cunningly engaged in false propaganda campaigns against Pakistan, in which it blames Pakistan for providing support to Kashmiri freedom fighters. India’s irresponsible State-behaviour is quite evident from recent occurrences like Pulwama incident and release of Indian pilot, Wing Commander Abhinandan Virthaman, by Pakistan. In such a tense regional setting, this paper examines the historical aspect of the Kashmir conflict while discussing different related issues between Pakistan and India by using the Nugget Model. This conflict-analysis tool helps an indepth understanding of the Kashmir conflict and leads to identify root causes that are accelerating the conflict day-by-day.
Bibliography Entry
Javed, Maham. 2020. "Mapping of Kashmir Conflict under Nugget Model." Margalla Papers 24 (2): 114-128