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HINDU NATIONALISM, MODI FACTOR AND THE IDEOLOGY MATRIX IN CONTEMPORARY INDIA
Get PDFHindutva has become a social reality with its overarching imprints on Indian polity and its subsequent reflection on India’s political landscape. The revocation of Article 370 and the amendment in the Citizenship Amendment Bill are symptomatic of these undercurrents. The domestic underpinnings under Modi had been primarily guided by the Hindu nationalistic narrative. The non-acceptance and non-accommodative overtures in the guise of majoritarian values spearheaded India’s transition into a narrow and parochial polity. The Modi phenomenon dwindled the construction of Nehruvian state based on mutual coexistence and composite culture. This paper attempts to dissect BJP’s ideology matrix and its historical evolution. It explicates the manifestation of Hinduness in the tenure of Modi government from 2014 onwards. It further delineates the emerging contours of state and society in India and analyzes the contemporary ideological undercurrents within India.
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Ahmed, Raja Qaiser. 2020. "Hindu Nationalism, Modi Factor and the Ideology Matrix in Contemporary India." Margalla Papers 24 (1): 44-53
POLITICAL DYNAMICS OF FUNDAMENTALISM: A CASE STUDY OF INDIA AND THE US
Get PDFThe inculcation of religion in politics traditionally creates a dogmatic society. The religious divides have become evident due to the influence of religious convictions on politics. Fascism and Communism were the essential products of such political practices where religious motivation was exploited to attain power. In the past few years, the re-emergence of such conduct has taken place in the largest democratic secular nations of India and the US. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the link between modern religious fundamentalism and political dynamics is essential to determine the motivation behind such political practices. The findings based on the discourse analysis suggest that violent religious interpretations have close ties to the political dynamics of these nations, consequently, promoting hate towards minorities and other religious factions. The Hindutva Ideology in India and White Supremacist or Alt-Right movement in the US are a direct consequence of the union of extreme religious believesand politics.
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Mustansar, Mahrukh. 2020. "Political Dynamics of Fundamentalism: A Case Study of India and the US." Margalla Papers 24 (1): 54-66
STRATEGIC AUTONOMY OR ISOLATION: AN ANALYSIS OF MAJOR DYNAMICS OF PAKISTAN’S FOREIGN POLICY
Get PDFThe foreign policy of Pakistan as a part of South Asian milieu and one of the significant Muslim states always remained characterized by the various regional and global restrains which not only made it vulnerable to the external pressures but also substantially affected its strategic choices. Currently, Pakistan is facing multiple internal and external constraints ranging from its domestic economic problems to continuing with CPEC as a real game-changer strategy at the operational level while not upsetting the US. The prime focus of this study is to have an insight intodiplomatic coercion faced by Pakistan and its consequences on her foreign policy decisions. As Indian-centric approach throughout history left limited options for policy-makers. This research examines why Pakistan is being challenged about strategic choices in response to vigorous Indian attempts to isolating her in the international arena. This analytical and descriptive research would possibly recommend the recent foreign policy measures by Pakistan regarding its external dynamics of politics.
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Elharathi, Milad, Sadia Mahmood Falki, and Aisha Shahzad. 2020. "Strategic Autonomy or Isolation: An Analysis of Major Dynamics of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy." Margalla Papers 24 (1): 112-121
SECURITIZATION OF IMMIGRATION IN EUROPE AND ROLE OF POPULIST RIGHT-WING PARTIES
Get PDFIn most of the western European countries, Populist Radical Right-wing parties have developed themselves as a permanent feature of their party-structures. Their political success is their resistance to immigrants and multicultural societies. Immigration is their central concern as subscribed by nearly all radical-right populist groups. Though the far-right parties join government coalitions, social scientists consider them to have minimal policy performance. This article, therefore, looks at European Islamophobia and its relation with migration in the EU through the lens of Securitization theory by examining security and political aspects. The content analysis is chosen as a methodology to understand securitization strategy when it comes to identify and separate securitizing actors from audiences. It also analyses the multifaceted ways through which right-wing parties contribute towards maintaining and expanding Islamophobic discourses by securitizing migration.
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Sunawar, Lubna, and Raza Muhammad. 2020. "Securitization of Immigration in Europe and Role of Populist Right-Wing Parties." Margalla Papers 24 (2): 83-92
INDIA’S NAVAL EXPANSION AND STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP WITH THE US IN THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION: IMPLICATIONS FOR PAKISTAN
Get PDFIndia views the Indian Ocean as an embodiment of its strategic presence in the region. India has realized the strategic importance of the Indian Ocean since its independence and is keenly interested in maintaining sustainable maritime operations. This strategic importance of the Indian Ocean has diversified India’s national security objectives intertwined with its national interests. On top of that, the US has strengthened its relations with India in the last two decades; as a result, the Indo-US partnership is deemed to help India in becoming a pre-eminent maritime power in the Indian Ocean region. This has expanded India’s role as a net security provider in the Indian Ocean region. In this sense, Indo-US. strategic cooperation and bilateral agreements have granted the former an exceptional strategic role in the latter’s strategic calculus and security interests in the Indian Ocean region. Moreover, the US strongly supports India’s military rise in the India Ocean region as a rightful Chinese competitor. China is not ready to accept the Indian naval exceptionalism. In response to Indian engagement in the Indo-Pacific region, China is increasing its naval presence in the Indian Ocean region.This paper attempts to explore linkages between India’s naval rise in the Indian Ocean region due to Indo-US strategic partnership. Both powers have made a strategic handshake to contain rising China. In addition, the paper also explores the implications of India’s naval ambitions in the Indian Ocean region and its implications for strategic stability and Pakistan.
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Saeed, Maira Afzazze, and Umbreen Javaid. 2020. "India’s Naval Expansion and Strategic Partnership with the US in the Indian Ocean Region: Implications for Pakistan." Margalla Papers 24 (1): 67-80
RESURGENCE OF RUSSIA AS A GREAT POWER AND ITS FOREIGN POLICY ORIENTATION TOWARDS SOUTH ASIA
Get PDFRussia has re-emerged as an important global actor after the advent of the post-Soviet era. Kremlin’s repositioning in the global affairs under President Vladimir Putin has led to a geopolitical and geostrategic transformation of its foreign policy. It follows multilateralism with active outreach in different parts of the world. In contemporary Russian foreign policy, there are tangible determinants that call for multipolar world order including realignment of foreign relations and consolidation of great power status. This paper, therefore, examines Russian foreign policy in the post-Crimean annexation era, where Moscow launched various campaigns through active engagements with the world’s larger economies and strategically important countries, such as China, India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. The paper also highlights Russia’s evolving bilateral relations with these countries, especially in economic, political, and military spheres. Following the current global geopolitical realities, it also attempts to mark clear adjustments in Moscow’s foreign policy with respect to its power, responsibility, and ambitions for international peace and stability.
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Shah, Syed Taimoor, and Ayesha Afgun. 2020. "Resurgence of Russia as a Great Power and Its Foreign Policy Orientation towards South Asia." Margalla Papers 24 (2): 93-103
SPREAD OF COVID-19 AND ITS IMPACT ON PAKISTAN: A NEED FOR PROSPECTIVE PLANNING
Get PDFCOVID-19, a global pandemic, has spread in about 215 countries of the world. It has caused enormous damage to the lives, economies, and socio-political fabric of the societies. More than 14 million people stand affected world-wide, with death toll crossing 0.75 million. The expert virologists apprehend that the worst situation is yet not over. The IMF, World Bank, and WTO have issued warnings about the impending global recession. It has also been reported that low-income countries and weak segments of the societies have been the major victims of this malady. Keeping in view the fragile economy and unsound healthcare system of Pakistan, WHO and experts of various fields have predicted multiple effects on various aspects of our national life. The paper in hand attempts to analyze the magnitude of the spread of COVID-19 in Pakistan and its implications for our national security, with a view to offering policy recommendations.
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Abbasi, Manzoor Ahmed, Muhammad Arshad, and Raja Nadir Mahmood Khan. 2020. "Spread of Covid-19 and Its Impact on Pakistan: A Need for Prospective Planning." Margalla Papers 24 (1): 16-30
PAKISTAN IN THE FATF GREY-LIST: CHALLENGES, REMEDIES AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE
Get PDFThe Financial Action Task Force (FATF) grey-listed Pakistan due to the latter’s non-compliance to the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR)-1267. The FATF also demands Pakistan to put strict controls on money laundering and financial lifelines of terrorist organizations in Pakistan. The plan of action was reached between Pakistan and FATF to ensure sufficient action to enforce anti-money laundering policies and freeze assets of designated terrorist groups in Pakistan under UNSCR-1267 and UNSCR-1373. The NACTA in collaboration with FBR, State Bank of Pakistan, FIA, and the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan has mounted operations against illegal movement of money within Pakistan. It also has choked financial lifelines of terrorist organizations and curbed Hawala/Hundi methods of laundering money. Pakistan is struggling to stick to the 26-point action plan to address the necessary concerns of FATF. This paper put forth the ramifications for being blacklisted by FATF and also highlights the Trump administration’s tough stance towards Pakistan. This paper also offers concrete recommendations to exclude Pakistan’s name from the FATF grey-list.
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Amin, Musarat, Muhammad Khan , and Rizwan Naseer. 2020. "Pakistan in the FATF Grey-List: Challenges, Remedies and International Response." Margalla Papers 24 (1): 31-43
STRATEGIC CONVERGENCE AND COMPETITION IN THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION: POLICY OPTIONS FOR PAKISTAN
Get PDFWith Indo-Pacific being the stage for US-China strategic influence, South East Asia’s geopolitical scenario is likely to be transformed considerably. By declaring India as a Net Security Provider, the US has backed its outreach in the region by officially adjoining Pacific and Indian Oceans as the Indo-Pacific region. Major countries of the region including China, Russia, India, and Pakistan are in the phase of diversifying and reconfiguring their relationships. Within this scenario, Pakistan and India are likely to pursue their strategic interests that take them in opposite directions. While the US endows India with its strategic partner status, CPEC in Pakistan has emerged as a litmus test for China’s BRI. The contestation is to have a direct bearing on the strategic matrix of South Asia generally and Pakistan particularly. This qualitative research under the framework of realist/neo-realist and complex interdependence’s assumptions undertakes to account for this Sino-US strategic convergence and competition that is leading to a security dilemma in South Asia with implications for Pakistan. It concludes cooperation between the US and China is to enhance Pakistan’s security both internal and external while competition is to erode it. Alongside, this paper formulates some policy options for Pakistan’s decisionmakers for ensuring the security and socio-economic development of the country.
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Younus, Khadija. 2020. "Strategic Convergence and Competition in the Indo-Pacific Region: Policy Options for Pakistan." Margalla Papers 24 (1): 81-96
CPEC: A TOOL FOR REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND LIBERAL INSTITUTIONALISM
Get PDFoai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/2China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has been visualized by political scientists as a structural change in the balance of power of the world. The corridor has far-reaching economic and geopolitical impacts on Southwest Asian countries in general and Pakistan in particular. CPEC, being a transnational project, may face challenges in geographic as well as human terrain during its implementation phase. It would involve extra ordinary engineering resources to execute, massive funds to realize, and political acumen to manage social elements of Southwest Asian countries. This paper, therefore, explores China’s evolving relationship with the international system to achieve accelerated infrastructure development and boosted socio-economic growth through regional integration and liberal institutionalism. It is a multilateral strategy that will help Pakistan realize its true potential in the economic and strategic domains. It also endeavors to find linkages between China’s multilateralism with regional integration under the framework of CPEC based on liberal values of connectivity.
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Ali, Asif. 2020. "CPEC: A Tool for Regional Integration and Liberal Institutionalism." Margalla Papers 24 (2): 1-15.