Czasopisma Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy
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Tourism, leisure and zoos - an outline of the problem on the example of Poland
Despite often polarized opinions, zoological gardens are among the most frequently visited tourist attractions in the world and there is no indication that they will cease to exist in the coming years. This article presents the zoological gardens from the point of view of tourismand leisure in the light of opinions expressed by visitors in Poland. The aim of this study is to examine what role zoological gardens play in tourism and how they are perceived by visitors to these places in Poland. There are 25 zoological gardens in the country, and they are visited by a total of around 4 million people every year. Attendance in the largest of them reaches over 1.6 million visitors. In the research proceedingsthe opinionsof visitors to Polish zooswere analysed. For that purpose data from the online services Tripadvisor and Google Maps have been gathered. The results show that visitors generally judge the visited places well, and in their opinions they refer mainly to organizational issues, prices and service, rarely paying attention to animal welfare and only occasionally to issues concerning the realization of the educational or conservation function
Coaching w zarządzaniu zasobami ludzkimi w organizacji
Employees are the basic capital of an organization; they are called human resources. They make the organization be competitive in the market, and be successful. For this reason, investing in human resources, in people’s qualifications and competences, equals investing in the position of an organization among other companies. Thus, it is needed for the human resources to be developed. There are several ways and methods of doing it; one of them is coaching. Coaching enables education, professional development and motivating employees. All of them are significant elements of human resourcemanagement. For this reason, coaching may/should be seen as an important tool for the human resource management in an organization. This paper deals with the application of coaching.Podstawowym kapitałem organizacji są zatrudnieni w niej pracownicy, określani jako zasoby ludzkie. To oni decydują o jej konkurencyjności na rynku i jej powodzeniu. Dlatego inwestowanie w zasoby ludzkie, w ich kwalifikacje i kompetencje, to inwestowanie w pozycję danej organizacji wśród innych podmiotów gospodarczych. Konieczny jest więc rozwój zasobów ludzkich. Wśród szeregu form i metod umożliwiających go wymienia się między innymi coaching, który ułatwia edukację, rozwój zawodowy i motywację pracowników. Coaching powinien być zatem uznany za ważne narzędzie w zarządzaniu zasobami ludzkimi w organizacji. Jego stosowanie jest przedmiotem rozważań w niniejszym artykule
Alkohol – pseudoantidotum na czasowe zawieszenie pracy w pandemii koronawirusa czy skutki wcześniej nierozwiązanych kryzysów? (studium indywidualnego przypadku)
The study attempts to present the endo- and exogenous as well as circumstantial-situational links between previous crises and the first lockdown in the coronavirus pandemic and excessive drinking by women in this next difficult period. Based on the method of individual case study, it uses a partially guided interview, combined with observation and the CAGE test, to show the events in a woman’s life in her subjective perception and evaluation. The respondent presented numerous adaptation difficulties, detailing the crises which she tried to solve in inconsistent ways, rather ad hoc alone and/or with the partial help of other people. Quite often, a woman drowned out crises, escaping to perform professional and non-professional duties. Thus, unresolved crises accumulated and took the form of chronic crises (Jagieła, 2009, pp. 26‒27).
The coronavirus pandemic, the first lockdown, temporary suspension of work, the inability to implement further career plans, large financial difficulties in connection with work, excess free time and accompanying psychosomatic ailments resulted in the respondent looking for ways out of these oppressions. The woman undertook more or less rational and irrational actions. In quite special circumstances, she also chose to drink alcohol excessively.W opracowaniu starano się przedstawić endo- i egzogenne oraz okolicznościowo-sytuacyjne powiązania między wcześniejszymi kryzysami i pierwszym lockdownem w pandemii koronawirusa a nadmiernym piciem alkoholu przez kobietę właśnie w tym kolejnym, trudnym okresie. Opierając się na metodzie studium indywidualnego przypadku i wykorzystanym w niej wywiadzie częściowo kierowanym, połączonym z obserwacją oraz testem CAGE, starano się ukazać wydarzenia z życia kobiety w jej subiektywnej percepcji i ewaluacji. Badana przedstawiała liczne trudności adaptacyjne, uściślając ‒ kryzysy, które niejednolitymi sposobami starała się rozwiązywać, raczej doraźnie sama i/lub z częściową pomocą innych osób. Dość często kobieta zagłuszała kryzysy, uciekając w wykonywanie obowiązków zawodowych i pozazawodowych. Kryzysy nawarstwiały się więc, przybierając postać chronicznych (Jagieła, 2009, s. 26‒27).
Pandemia koronawirusa, pierwszy lockdown, czasowe zawieszenie pracy, brak możliwości realizacji dalszych planów zawodowych, duże trudności finansowe w związku z przedsięwzięciami zawodowymi, nadmiar czasu wolnego i towarzyszące dolegliwości psychosomatyczne, skutkowały u badanej poszukiwaniami dróg wyjścia z tych opresji. Kobieta podejmowała mniej lub bardziej racjonalne oraz irracjonalne działania. W dość szczególnych okolicznościach wybrała również nadmiernie picie alkoholu
Technologia blockchain
The article presents the principle of blockchain operation based on Bitcoin and Ethereum smart contracts. Themost important advantages of blockchain technology were discussed. Particular attention was paid to transparency,decentralization and security of the proposed solution. The functional and technical details are described. An example of the use of blockchain is presented.W artykule przedstawiono zasadę działania blockchainu na podstawie Bitcoina oraz smart kontraktów Ethereum. Zostały omówione najistotniejsze zalety technologii blockchain. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na transparentność, decentralizację oraz bezpieczeństwo proponowanego rozwiązania. Opisano szczegóły funkcjonalne oraz techniczne. Przedstawiono przykładowe zastosowanie blockchainu
Studium przypadku skuteczności nowych metod optymalizacji roju w porównaniu do metod znanych.
Porównianie skuteczności nowych metod optymalizacji roju w porównaniu z metodami znanymi w dziedzinie. Inspirowane naturą algorytmy metaheurystyczne stają się coraz bardziej popularne w rozwiązywaniu problemów optymalizacyjnych. Dzięki ich popularności niemal codziennie możemy zobaczyć nowe podejścia i proponowane rozwiązania. W tym artykule przedstawię porównanie, które pokaże kilka najnowszych prac z tej dziedziny w porównaniu z niektórymi algorytmami traktowanymi jako podstawa dziedziny. Głównym celem było porównanie ostatnio wprowadzonych algorytmów roju i określenie, kiedy nowe rozwiązania są faktycznie szybsze i bardziej precyzyjne. Podsumowując, czy przetestowane nowe podejścia są lepsze niż obecne, dobrze znane i ugruntowane w terenie algorytmy. Algorytmy brane pod uwagę w tej pracy to: Particle Swarm Optimization [5], Artifical Bee Colony [3], Elephant Herding Optimization [7], Whale Optimization [4] i Grasshopper Optimization [6].Algorytmy uznawane za nowe w tej dziedzinie porównano z dwoma popularnymi i dobrze znanymi algorytmami metaheurystycznymi pod względem dokładności znalezionych rozwiązań i szybkości. Zgodnie z wynikami eksperymentów większość porównywanych nowych algorytmów dawała zadowalające wyniki w użytkowaniu.
Uczniowie Gimnazjum Lubelskiego w walkach powstańczych 1863 r. na terenie Wielkopolski
In the years before the outbreak of the January Uprising, Lublin had witnessed many open demonstrations of national feelings. People organized patriotic manifestations to show their solidarity with the population of the entire Kingdom of Poland. School youth were the most active participants of these activities. Despite the imposition of martial law in October 1861 and the curfew, Lublin middle schoolers posted leaflets at night, calling for change of Russian to Polish signboards, disclosing names of spies and informers. They manifested, against the ban, the signs of national mourning and distributed prohibited publications. The tests of patriotic maturity of the Lublin middle schoolers were the events related to the national uprising in 1863. Graduates and students of the Lublin school participated in gatherings of freedom fighters and took part in battles and actions in the Kingdom of Poland. From among a hundred of alumni of the mentioned school there were many outstanding commanders and officers of guerilla groups. There are not many people in Bydgoszcz and in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship who know such names as Maurycy Salutryński, Aleksander Józefowicz, Julian Wieniawski (Jordan), Antoni Skotnicki and Gustaw Wasilewski, whose fight for independence was reported during the period of national uprisings in the area of Wielkopolska. 
Przemiany ludnościowe na terenie Szwederowa w latach 1874-1914. Analiza demograficzna na podstawie ksiąg zgonów
The article presents results of demographic studies on deaths in the area of Szwederowo, a rural commune in the Bydgoszcz area, in 1874–1914. Based on them, the author calculated the number of deaths, divided by gender, and their mean number. Other statistics included division of deaths by religion, monthly seasonality, infant mortality among the biggest local denominations, and the number of infant deaths divided by gender and denomination. In addition, death rate and demographic dynamics rate were calculated for selected years. It was noticed that throughout the examined period the number of deaths was increasing due to population growth, and the number of deaths among men was always higher, with the exception of the last period under study. Starting from the 1890s, the number of deaths among Protestants started to drop, whereas it had been rising among Catholics. Analyzing monthly seasonality of deaths, their number was the highest in the summer months and also in October. Infant mortality rate among both Protestants and Catholics was initially increasing and later started to drop, first among Catholics to 239.5 ‰, and later among Protestants to 291 ‰. The number of infant deaths in the two biggest denominations was initially similar; however, starting from the early 20th century, the number of such deaths among Catholics was significantly higher than among Protestants. Mortality rate ranged between 22.1 and 40.5 ‰ and was decreasing, which could hint entering of the population of Szwederowo into another stage of demographic transformation. Starting from the second decade of the 20th century, demographic dynamics rate among Protestants started to drop, whereas it had been clearly increasing among Catholics since the 1890s. Results of the described studies can be used for comparison during analyses of demographic profile in other areas
Udział bydgoskiej młodzieży w rewolucji solidarnościowej 1980-1989
In reference to the solidarity revolution, the opposition-conspiratorial youth was a “product” of its first stage (“the window of freedom”), expanding the range and ideology of the second stage (underground) – adding the independence factor – and strengthening, although not playing first fiddle, in the third stage (relegalization of the Union and political transformation). Therefore, it was a unique connector between the consecutive stages of sociopolitical processes in Poland, and between the core of Solidarity and society. It had its own identity resulting not only from generational identity, but also its own formula of activity (uncompromising attitude, demonstrativeness, dynamics, reaching out for the future) formed during its operation period. It was – as it has already been mentioned – the last generation appreciating the values of community and the ideas of solidarity and cooperation resulting from it. The consecutive generations X, Y, Z and the present apathy generation have an individualistic approach, focused on their own, individual needs. In these four new generations there was the increasing laicization, accompanied by the disappearing national and community emotions; even the youth supporting the “Freedom and Independence” Confederation after 2019 does it out of individualistic, convictional reasons, rather than community reasons