Publications of the Indonesian Scholars' Alliance
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FACTORS AFFECTING SLEEP DISORDERS OF PATIENTS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (ICU)
Get PDFIntroduction: There is a tendency for cardiac patients in the intensive care unit (ICU)'s bed to be more disturbed than when they are still at home. The cause of the sleep disorder among these patients are allegedly caused by many factors, including environmental influences such as noise and lighting and also nursing interventions among other reasons. Objective: To investigate the relationship between sleeping disorders and environmental factors, namely noise and lighting, and nursing interventions.
Methods: The design used in this research is descriptive analysis with cross sectional approach. The sampling technique is purposive sampling with the sample size of 30 respondents. The analysis of the data is used to determine the frequency distribution and relationships among variables causes of sleeping disorders among cardiac patients in ICU.
Results: The results showed that most respondents' sleep is disrupted (60.0%) and interrupted once (40.0%) with the details of each sleeping disturbance factor are as follows: from the noise is disturbed (53.3%) and interrupted once (20.0%), from the lighting is disturbed (40.0%) and interrupted once (33.3%), and from nursing interventions is disturbed (43.3%) and interrupted once (10.0%).
Conclusion: In providing nursing care, nurses need to pay attention to factors that affect sleeping disorders among heart patients in the ICU
INCREASING COMPETENCE OF MIDWIFERY STUDENTS IN PERINEAL WOUND SUTURING USING LOW COST MODEL MADE FROM FLANNEL FABRIC
Get PDFBackground: Competence of postpartum perineum wound suturing should be owned by midwives. However, students are limitedly trained on how to use cotton pads that are less representative in form and material. This results in a lack of student competence in perineum stitching practice.
Aims: This study goal is to know the effectiveness of perineum wound suturing model made from flannel in order to increase stitching competence on the students of Midwifery study program of Banten Health Polytechnic.
Methods: This research was designed using experimental design with post-test design method. The respondents consisted of 11 treatment group and 14 control group. The research implementation consisted of three stages. First, an introduction to the perineum wound sewing technique. Second, the model group practiced with flannel and cotton. Third, the respondents filled up the questionnaire on level of confidence and competence assessment of both groups of students. Data analysis used Mann Whitney test because the median difference of two independent groups if the dependent variable data scale is ordinal and ratio.
Results: The results showed that the mean of perineum wound suturing competence in the model group was higher (83) than in the non-model group (74). The statistical test results obtained p = 0.002 which means that there was a significant difference in the competency of both groups. At the self confidence level of the respondents in performing perineum wound suturing, both groups had the same mean (4) with p = 0.651. At the time of perineum wound suturing, it is known that the model group mean was slightly faster (20 minutes) than the non-model group (22 minutes) with p = 0.978. There were no significant differencesbetween the two variables.
Conclusion: The study showed that the test model was better in improving the competence of the perineum wound suturing. Flannel model is also more affordable and can be sutured over and over so it is economical for students. Further study on efficient media is recommended so that duration and confidence would be better
PERINEAL MASSAGE: PREVENTING PERINEAL EPISIOTOMY AND PERINEAL LACERATION DURING CHILDBIRTH
Get PDFBackgrounds: Approximately 4-5% of maternal deaths in Indonesia is caused by trauma in the birth canal, of which perineal laceration and episiotomy are the most common occurrence. Generally, as much as 80- 90% of episiotomies are performed on first-time mothers (primipara). Episiotomy can be prevented by perineal massage from 34 weeks gestation.
Aims: To reveal a picture of episiotomy implementation in primiparous mothers who received perineal massage at BPM (Independent Clinic of Midwifery) Istiqomah in Sidotopo, Surabaya .
Methods: This research used descriptive method. The population were primiparous mothers who received perineal massage. The sample of 20 mothers were chosen by consecutive sampling technique. This research used perineal massage as the independent variable and episiotomy and perineal laceration as the dependent variables, and was measured using the observation sheet during childbirth. The data was then processed by using a frequency distribution table.
Results: The results showed that out of 20 respondents who received perineal massage, only four had done an episiotomy during childbirth. Each of these four women had complicated condition - three of whom had fetal distress and one had an exhausted childbirth process.
Conclusion: The main benefit of performing perineal massage during episiotomy procedure is to relax the muscles surrounding the perineum and make them more elastic
DIFFERENCES IN LABOR PAIN INTENSITY AFTER THE PROVISION OF MUSIC THERAPY TO PRIMIGRAVIDA MOTHERS INPARTU KALA
Get PDFIntroduction: Most laboring women are experiencing physical pain that is also accompanied by emotional fear. The latter may cause a slower development of labor, which prompt these mothers to opt for cesarean section. About 60% of primiparous and 40% of multiparous women had experienced extremely severe labor pains during the acute phase, and up to 40% of laboring women were not satisfied with the pain relief effect after taking analgesic drugs. Music therapy is one of the non-pharmacological pain reliever methods that helps one to relax and manage the mind and body's perception against the agony.
Aims: The objective of this study is to know the difference of pain intensity before and after the provision of music therapy to the primiparous mother in first stage of labor.
Methods: Twenty primiparous who were expected to have a normal, spontaneous delivery were the experimental group (n = 20). A self-report visual analog scale (VAS) for pain intensity was used to measure the labor pain. The expecting mothers listened to the classical Mozart's and Beethoven's compositions for 10 minutes and then asked to scale the intensity of the pain that they felt before and after listening to the music. Data analysis was done by using univariate analysis and different t-test.
Results: The results showed there was a significant difference of the intensity of pain before and after the provision of music therapy to the primiparous mother in the first stage of labor.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence that the use of music therapy can reduce labor pain. Therefore, management of maternal care should include music therapy in assisting childbirth
INHIBITORY POWER OF TOOTHPASTE CONTAINS KENCUR (KAEMPFERIA GALANGA) TO THE GROWTH OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS (SM) BACTERIA
Get PDFBackground: Dental caries is a disease caused by the interaction between microorganisms, diet, and teeth (host). Streptococcus mutants is most common microorganisms which has a role in the process Microorganisms whose role is Streptococcus mutants. Kencur (Kaempferia galanga) has bactericidal properties because it contains essential oils, flavonoids, polyphenols, and saponins that can inhibit bacterial growth.
Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of kencur extracts 20% in toothpaste to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutants.
Methods: This was a laboratory experimental research with post-test control group design. The sample was divided into 2 groups, toothpaste without kencur extract as group A and a toothpaste group containing kencur extract. Replication is done 12 times from each group. Incubation was performed for 24 hours at 27 0 C. The results are measured with calipers and the data were analysed by Independent t-test.
Results:The results showed that the average of toothpaste A inhibitory zone was 2.95 mm and the toothpaste containing kencur extract was 18.1 mm. Independent test results obtained t-test significant value of 0.000 p<0.05 which means there are differences in the average zone of inhibition significantly between groups kencur extract toothpaste and toothpaste brands A.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that, although kencur extracts toothpaste has inhibitory zone against the bacteria Streptococcus mutants however, toothpaste A has a larger inhibition zone
Development of size-tunable polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery applications
Get PDFBackground: Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in drug delivery applications because of its excellent properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability along with its abilities to deliver hydrophobic drugs, increase drug bioavailability, and improve drug absorption to targeted cells in both oral and parenteral administrations. The PLGA NPs can be synthesized using emulsion solvent evaporation method. Each parameter during synthesis play a role in formation of nanoparticles and could affect to form different NP sizes which is an important factor for successful development of drug delivery system.
Aims: The aim of this study is to prepare different sizes of PLGA NPs by investigation of four factors (molecular weight (MW) of PLGA, emulsifier concentrations, organic solvent type and power of ultrasonication) that involve in PLGA nanoparticle synthesis.
Methods: PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method. Size and size distribution were analyzed by dynamic light scattering and polydispersity index (PdI).
Results: The effect of four parameters: PLGA MW, emulsifier concentrations, solvent types, and amplitude of ultrasonication on PLGA NPs preparation were evaluated. Changing one parameter results in different sizes of PLGA NPs varied from 150-300 nm. PdI which is an indicator for determination of size distribution of NPs are also varied with overall value less than 0.2.
Conclusion: MW of PLGA polymer, emulsifier concentration, type of organic solvent and power of ultrasonication affect the size and size distribution of PLGA NPs.
Submitted: 16 October 2017, Accepted: 27 October 2017
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB STRESS AND FRAUD RISK ON EMPLOYEES AT THE NATIONAL EYE CENTER HOSPITAL X
Get PDFBackground: Fraud is any unlawful acts committed by individuals within an organization or institution to gain an illegal advantage of others through manipulation, falsifying truth and good behavior. On employees, pressure may cause fraud in part by problems stemming job stress from the work environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of job stress with the risk of fraud on employees.
Methods: The study design used cross sectional. Samples were employees in the Administration, Finance, Purchasing, Human Resources, Information and Technology, and Procurement at the National Eye Center Hospital X as many as 37 people. The sampling technique used in this study was proportional random sampling. Data was collected by questionnaire. Analysis of data was done through two stages, namely univariate to see the frequency distribution and bivariate to see the relationship (chi square).
Results: The result showed that Ho was rejected (p-value = 0.0001) meant that there was a relationship between job stress with the risk of fraud.
Conclusion: The relationship between job stress with the risk of fraud suggests the hospital to do the job stress measurement and risk of fraud continuous and reduce employees stress levels through strategies such as redisigning organizational approaches and participatory decision-making.
 
ASSOCIATION OF PREMENTRUAL SYNDROME TO STRESS INCIDENT AMONG XI GRADERS IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA
Get PDFBackground: Menstruation is the blood loss that occurs periodically through the vagina comes from he uterine wall. The discomfort of women before, during and after menstruation the women usually feel discomfort or it is called premenstrual syndrome. The incidence of premenstrual syndrome in Indonesiais about 23%. Premenstrual Syndrome was disturbing about 30-40% of women reproductive age.
Aims: The aim of this study to identify existing correlation stress premenstrual syndrome female adolescent girls of XI grade in SMK X Yogyakarta Indonesia.
Methods: This study is a descriptive analytic design with cross sectional. This study population involved 82 students was using purposive sampling. The instrument was a questionnaire to measure the presence or absence of stress and premenstrual syndrome. The data analysis was used chi square.
Results: The level of stress in women adolescents mostly in the mild category 48 (58.5%), the incidence of premenstrual syndrome in adolescents in the category of pre menstruation syndrome (PMS) is 58 (70.7%) and in this study no experience severe stress and very heavy. Students with mild stress who experience premenstrual syndrome were 39 (47.6%), while students with moderate stress experienced premenstrual syndrome were 19 (23.2%). The results of the analysis using Chi-Square showed that the relationship between stress and the incidence of premenstrual syndrome in young women in the category of weak.
Conclusion: There is no relationship between stress and the incidence of premenstrual syndrom in girl adolescents of XI grade in SMK X Yogyakarta Indonesia
THE BENEFITS OF AUTOMATED DISPENSING MACHINE AS SOLUTIONS FOR HOSPITAL PHARMACY IN INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Get PDFBackground: Pharmacy as the main core of hospital is responsible for the quality and safety of medicines.Yet the numbers of medication errors are still high. Automated Dispensing Machine (ADM) is one of the solutions to reduce the dispensing errors in pharmacy. Many countries had studied and proved that the use of ADM gives more benefit than liability. However, ADM is considered as something new, a "nice to have” product.
Aims: This study will explain the benefits of ADM especially in Indonesian hospital pharmacy.
Methods: Systemic Review with PRISMA method uses 5 databases as Scopus, Springerlink, Google Scholar, Science Direct and ProQuest, with keywords Automated Dispensing Machine, Automated Dispensing Device, Automated Dispensing System, Automated Drug Dispensing System, or Robotic Dispensing System. The inclusion criteria are all the studies that showed any impact in minimum of one aspect ofADM in hospital.
Results: There are 13 studies that explained ADM benefits such as increase staff satisfaction for the nurse and pharmacist, reduce dispensing errors about 35% or up to reducing all dispensing errors, time saving until 50% in peak hours and cost analysis and effectiveness. The cost anaylsis such as inventory stock reduction, increases the cost saving.
Conclusion: In Indonesia, it needs many considerations to implement ADM but it had already installed in 1 Indonesia Hospital. This hospital had proved that ADM can reduce dispensing errors and can solve some pharmacy problem such as the human resources problems and the long waiting time.With the proven benefits of ADM, it is justified for Indonesian hospital to implement ADM and information system in their pharmacy. The effectiveness will perceive the pharmacy andpositively affect to all related departments in hospital.
 
OPTIMIZATION OF R-FACTOR AT GRAPPA PARALLEL ACQUISITION TECHNIQUE ON THE IMAGE INFORMATION T2 AXIAL BRAIN MRI
Get PDFBackground: GRAPPA or Generalized Auto-calibrating Partially Parallel Acquisitions is a parallel acquisition technique which can reduce the scan time in MRI examination.
Aims: This study aims to investigate the effect of the R-factor variation of GRAPPA on image anatomical information quality and to determine the optimization value of GRAPPA e-factor to fasten the scan time with acceptable image information quality.
Methods: Eight respondents will perform T2 axial Brain MRI examination with various values of GRAPPA R-factor (1 to 7), evaluation was conducted with questionnaire which was given to 3 radiologists to assess the anatomical structure of the lateral ventricle, thalamus, caudate nucleus, lent form nucleus, internal capsule and background area. Data from respondents were then tested with Spearman test and Friedman test.
Results: Statistics test showed that there was significant effect of GRAPPA parallel acquisition technique on the anatomical image information quality of T2 axial Brain MRI (p value of 0,001<0,05) and the correlation direction was negative, in which the higher the value of r-factor GRAPPA used, the lower the quality of anatomical image information. Based on the result of mean rank, image with optimal image anatomical information quality was image with GRAPPA R-factor of 1 (mean rank = 6.01), but image anatomical information quality with GRAPPA R-factor of 3 was acceptable with fast scan time (opinion of 75 % of all radiologists).
Conclusion: R-factor at GRAPPA parallel acquisition technique could reduce scan time, but the higher the value of r-factor GRAPPA used, the lower the quality of image anatomical information.