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Social factors associated to the multiple risk behaviors among high school students: A case study of Hanoi high school students, Vietnam
Get PDFBackground: Young people who engaged in different risk behaviors attracted concern nowadays. Noticeably, the concurrent multiple risk behaviors generate adverse effect to health and their future life.Aims: The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of the concurrent multiple risk behaviors and to evaluate the association between social factors and the concurrent multiple risk behaviors among the high school students in Hanoi, Vietnam.Methods: A quantitative survey with a cross sectional design was applied involving a total of 1,333 Hanoi high school students. The survey was conducted in the end of 2016. The multivariate linear regression models were applied to examine the social factors associated with the concurrent multiple risk behaviors of Hanoi high school students. Eighteen different risk behaviors had been selected for constructing a composite variable of the total risk behaviors that students have engaged in.Results: On average, the high school students have been reported involving in 4.88 behaviors of the 18 selected observed risk behaviors. The multivariate linear regression models with demographic factors and different social connections of high school students could explain for about 37.6% of the difference in composite variable of the total risk behaviors. This present study reveals several factors that increase the number of risk behaviors the students may engage, including the connection to the family's members or friends, duration in social media, and the number of friends in the online network. In the contrast, strong family connection has been demonstrated to provide a "safe haven" for protecting the high school students from involving in increasing multiple different risk behaviors.Conclusion: The research findings strongly recommend early prevention strategies should be conducted among the high school students. The identified concurrent risk behaviors should be targeted as prevention actions rather than focusing on controlling individual risk behaviors. In addition, the involvement of their parents and friends are suggested to be the target audience together with students in concurrent risk behaviors controlling and preventing programs among the high school students and young generation.
Keywords: Risk behaviors, Social factors, High school students, Adolescents, Vietnam
Received: 30 April 2018, Reviewed: 04 June 2018, Received: in revised form 10 October 2018, : Accepted: 21 October 2018
DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-2355
Sentinel surveillance for HIV among people who inject drugs at Gia Lai Province, Vietnam
Get PDFBackground: HIV remains a public health challenge, especially among people who inject drug (PWID). The HIV Sentinel Surveillance (HSS), together with the HIV/AIDS case reporting, are two core components of the HIV/AIDS surveillance system providing systematic, on-going monitoring of HIV epidemic in Viet Nam. The HSS was first conducted in 1994 to determine HIV prevalence among the high-risk group by collecting blood sample. But in 2009, this system was monitored the risk behaviors by addition of a brief behavioral questionnaire, known as HSS+. In Central Highland, the HIV situation in Gia Lai province has primarily affected PWID, which are main criteria to select into the surveillance system.Aims: This study aims to determine risk factors for HIV infection to improve intervention programs for PWID in Gia Lai province, Vietnam.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey of 150 randomly selected PWID from June to September 2014 in Gia Lai province. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect information regarding drug use, sexual behavior, accessibility of HIV/AIDS counseling and testing services. Blood samples were collected and tested for the presence of HIV antibodies using ELISA and rapid test. For data analysis, the frequencies and proportions were calculated. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests and multivariable logistic regression were performed to assess the association between risk factors and HIV infection.Results: We identified 14 infections among 150 PWID (prevalence = 9.3%). Among PWID, 22.7% (34/150) had shared needles and 3 HIV prevalence among PWIDs injecting drug for at least 3 years was 2.4%. HIV prevalence among PWIDs who have had sexual intercourse with more than one commercial sex worker (CSW) per month was 6.5%. In multivariable logistic regression, the odds of HIV infection with sharing needles, injecting for over 3 years, and sexual intercourse with more than one CSW per month was 6.7 (95% CI: 1.6-27.7), 6.1 (95% CI: 1.2-30.3) and with 4.0 (95% CI: 1.0-15.3), respectively.Conclusion: We identified a few modifiable risk factors among PWID. Based on these data, we recommend improving harm reduction intervention and behavior change communication. The sentinel surveillance site should continue monitoring PWID behavior over time.
Received: 28 May 2018, Reviewed: 31 May 2018, Received in revised form: 11 June 2018, Accepted: 29 June 2018.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35898/ghmj-2220
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, WORK VENUE, KNOWLEDGE, AND CONDOM USE WITH CLIENTS AMONG INDIRECT FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN DENPASAR, BALI, INDONESIA
Get PDFIntroduction: Female sex workers (FSWs) remain an important key population affected by HIV&AIDS in Indonesia. Indirect FSWs, in particular, are exposing to higher risk comparing to direct FSWs due to their characteristics and working conditions that could be barriers to safe sex or consistent condom use. This study aimed to identify association between sociodemographic characteristics, work venue, and knowledge on HIV&AIDS toward condom use among indirect FSWs.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data from a survey on indirect FSWs conducted by Center for Public Health Innovation (CPHI), Udayana University, Indonesia during August to October 2017. About 171 indirect FSWs were eligible for this analysis. The dependent variable in this study was consistent condom use during the last month. Independent variables consisted of socio-demographic characteristics, work venue, and knowledge on HIV&AIDS. Data were analysed using univariate and multivariate analysis.
Results: About half of indirect FSWs (50.17%) reported using condom consistently with their clients during the last month. Indirect FSWs were more likely to use condom consistently if they completed senior high school or higher (OR=3.49; 95%CI=1.42-8.57), but less likely to use condom if they were currently or ever married compared to single ones (OR=0.23; 95%CI=0.06-0.82). Those who worked in karaoke, cafe, and bar were less likely to use condom consistently compared to those in massage parlor, spa, and beauty salon (OR=0.09; 95%CI=0.03-0.26).
Conclusions: Level of consistent condom use was low, indicating the need to intensify HIV prevention to indirect FSWs. Significant determinants of consistent condom use included marital status, educational level, and work venue. This study informed that providing HIV&AIDS information and improving negotiation skill that fit with characteristics of indirect FSWs and giving institutional support at workplace is crucial to ensure consistent condom use among indirect FSWs.
 
PROGNOSIS OF INHALATION INJURY IN SEVERE BURN PATIENTS ON EMERGENCY PHASE
Get PDFBackground: Inhalation injury in severe burns is a serious problem cause mortality and morbidity. Survival prognosis of severe burn is most important for patients and family in the emergency phase. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of inhalation injury in severe burn patient during emergency phase in Sanglah Hospital, Bali, Indonesia.
Methods: This study was a cohort retrospective design of the 78 samples of medical records at Sanglah Hospital in a period of 2 years, from March 2014 until March 2016.
Results: The results of logistic regressions with mediation show that inhalation injury is a predictor factor of patient's survival (p = 0.000) that mediated by respiratory rate. The equation obtained y” = -6.608 + (5.589) (Inhalation Injury) + (1.942) (RR). The probability for patient with severe burn to die in the first 48 hours if the patient has an inhalation injury and has a respiratory rate in the first 8 hours after fluid resuscitation of more than 24 x/m is 71.4%.
Conclusions: Patient with inhalation injury on severe burn has better prognosis if respiratory rate on first 8 hours is less than 24 cycles per minute.
 
EFFECTIVENESS OF ‘FAST' STROKE CAMPAIGN FOR FAST STROKE RECOGNITION AND RESPONSE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
No full textBackground: FAST campaigns help people recognize the signs and symptoms of stroke rapidly to bring the patient to the hospital or emergency department immediately. However, the effectiveness is still be questioned. This present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the campaign of early detection in stroke patients to reduce the risk of disability.
Methods: A systematic review of articles published between 2010 and 2017 examining the effectiveness of FAST campaign using interventions was conducted along with narrative synthesis and review of intervention development. Information from all relevant published articles that determine how the intervention was developed and evaluated for measuring the effectiveness of FAST campaign were extracted and analyzed.
Results: Eleven studies were included, six studies report the effectiveness of FAST campaign, but the other five studies report that the campaigns still do not hit the target. The professionals claim that FAST campaign has been promoted internationally as a great success, but some studies report that the FAST campaign still do not have any significant impact in promoting swift response for Emergency Medical Services (EMS).
Conclusions: Campaigns aimed at the public may raise awareness of signs of stroke, but have limited impact on behavior. Thus, new campaigns of FAST should survey the principles of good design and be intensely evaluated for the effectiveness of the implementation
THE EFFECTS OF SECTION CAESAREA TO EARLY BREASTFEEDING INITIATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Get PDFBackground: The early breastfeeding initiation is one of the crusial process for successful in exclusive breastfeeding, unfortunately based on UNICEF, globally only 45% of newborns were put to the breast within the first hours of life. The other condition, nowdays caesarean sections have become increasingly common in both developed and developing countries, research showed that mothers who delivered their baby section caesarea have a higher percentage failure of early breastfeeding initiation than mother with vaginal delivery, from that condition his research aims to analyze effects section caesarea to early breastfeeding initiation.
Methods: This study used systematic review based on the Prisma (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyses) Protocol to identify all the published literature using relevant keywords. The initial screening was conducted by human population, the year of publication (5 years) and free full text, then reading the titles, abstracts than assessed for eligibility founded 6 articles, those studies included in this review after selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion are journal from rearch reported in english, has no accompanying disease or health problem as cardiac disease, cancer, herpes, HIV/AIDS, obesity ect. The baby is normal, baby can drink orally. Exclusion: the articles published less than 2013, after sectio caesarea mother and infant require special therapy.
Results: The studies showed there were effects of section caesarea to early breastfeeding initiation, the mothers who birth their babies with caesarea most of them failure to initiate early breastfeeding.
Conclusions: The way to Improve the rates of early breastfeeding initiation with giving antenatal breastfeeding education to all mothers especially who known to be having a cesarean section and health care professionals must support. All of the hospitals must apply baby friendly hospital initiative to support success of early breastfeeding initiation
 
SUCROSE AND SWADDLING EFFECTIVELY REDUCE PAIN RESPONSE ON NEONATAL BLOOD SPOT BY HEEL PRICK
Get PDFBackground: Pain stimulates distress emergence that potentially impairs the development and growth on neonates. Heel prick brings about pain. This research aimed at observing the effectiveness of sucrose and swaddling on pain response to neonates.
Methods: A clinical trial was designed by random under control using cross-over design. This study involved 24 neonates (aged 28 days) which taken from population using a consecutive sampling technique. Each subject was given two treatments of sucrose (24%) and swaddling, but the pain responses were observed at different time during and after received the heel prick (1, 2, and 3 minutes).Response of neonatal pain focused on face observation, oxygen saturation, and heart rate, but scored by the experts using a set of observation sheets from Cries Neonatal Postoperative Pain Measurement Tool (CNPPMT).
Results: During the heel prick, the average of pain response was found higher on sucrose group (2.67). After a minute elapsed, the average of pain response on both groups was similar (1.96). After two and three minutes elapsed, the average of pain response was found higher on swaddling group. Bivariate results showed that there was no different average of the pain response on both groups during the heel prick (p=0.925) and after the heel prick (one minute (p=0.915), two minutes (p= 0.942), and three minutes (p=0.132)).
Conclusions: Research revealed that sucrose and swaddling equally effective in reducing pain response on neonatal blood spot by heel prick. Swaddling could be carried out to reduce pain response on infants when pricking applied.
 
STROKE CARE: STROKE UNIT VERSUS NON STROKE UNIT
Get PDFBackground: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability in adults. A comprehensive and integrated stroke unit care plays an important role to reduce these burdens. This paper aims to describe the difference in outcomes between stroke care in stroke units and non-stroke units as information basis to encourage hospitals to establish this service.
Methods: This review is done based on research articles on stroke treatment outcomes in the stroke unit. The literature search was conducted in December 2017 to May 2018 through University of Indonesia's online library and Google Scholar. Five articles are selected based on predetermined criteria. Articles that examined comparison of stroke treatment outcomes in stroke units with nonstroke units were selected and analyzed.
Results: Many studies have shown that stroke treatment in the stroke unit provides better outcomes compared to other non-stroke units. Treatment in the stroke unit improves survival and independency, decreases mortality and disability and shortens length of stay in the hospital.
Conclusion: The stroke unit is an important part of stroke management because it provides comprehensive and integrated services that resulting in better treatment outcomes. Stroke unit will increase hospital credibility.
 
Selective abortion after preimplantation sex selection: An ethical and legal issue in Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: The emerging of sex selection technology in Indonesia is sperm sorting, meanwhile sex selection with Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) methods is not widely used. The use of sperm sorting has bigger chance to fail than PGD, thus potentially cause ethical and legal problems that is selective abortion during pregnancy. The potency for selective abortion is enlarged by Indonesian law that permitting sex selection without distinction of medical and non-medical reasons. There is no special policy to regulate the selective abortion because of sex selection failure.Aims: This study aims to find out the legal concept of selective abortion after preimplantation sex selection that appropriate to be applied in Indonesia.Methods: This research is normative research that use analytics method with legal approach and conceptual approach. The research material consists of primary legal material (legislation about sex selection and abortion in Indonesia), secondary legal materials (legal journals, law books, and legal proceedings), and also non-legal materials (journals, books, and health proceedings about sex selection and abortion).Results: In Indonesia meanwhile in general, abortion is permitted for pregnancy with medical indication and rape victim. Through a statue approach in Indonesia, selective abortion after preimplantation sex selection can be implemented for strong medical reasons. While the failure for non-medical reasons can't be aborted. This regulation contrary with ethics, morals and religion. Selective abortion should not be done because of preimplantation sex selection failure either medical or non-medical reasons.Conclusion: Selective abortion after preimplantation sex selection both medical and non medical reason contrary with moral, ethical, and religion. Indonesia needs to regulate further policy about selective abortion if there is a failure of preimplantation sex selection.
Received: 28 March 2018, Reviewed: 29 April 2018, Received in revised form: 24 May 2018, Accepted: 27 June 2018.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.35898/ghmj-2219
